This is a list of ancient cities, towns, villages, and fortresses in and around Thrace and Dacia. A number of these settlements were

Thracian The Thracians (; ; ) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Southeast Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied the area that today is shared between north-eastern Greece, ...

and Dacian, but some were

Celt The Celts ( , see Names of the Celts#Pronunciation, pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples ( ) were a collection of Indo-European languages, Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apoge ...

ic, Greek, Roman, Paeonian, or Persian. A number of cities in

Thrace Thrace (, ; ; ; ) is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe roughly corresponding to the province of Thrace in the Roman Empire. Bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Se ...

and

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It thus ro ...

were built on or close to the sites of preexisting Dacian or Thracian settlements. Some settlements in this list may have a double entry, such as the Paeonian ''Astibo'' and

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

''Astibus''. It is believed that Thracians did not build true cities even if they were named as such; the largest Thracian settlements were large villages.The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond ,, 1992, page 612: "Thrace possessed only fortified areas and cities such as Cabassus would have been no more than large villages. In general the population lived in villages and hamlets..." The only known attempt to build a

polis Polis (: poleis) means 'city' in Ancient Greek. The ancient word ''polis'' had socio-political connotations not possessed by modern usage. For example, Modern Greek πόλη (polē) is located within a (''khôra''), "country", which is a πατ ...

by the Thracians was Seuthopolis.,The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 by Christopher Webber, , 2001, page 1, "...the city of Seuthopolis seems to be the only significant town in Thrace not built by Greeks..." although

Strabo Strabo''Strabo'' (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called "Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, Pompeius Strabo". A native of Sicily so clear-si ...

considered the Thracian cities with "bria" ending polises. Some of the Dacian settlements and fortresses employed the traditional Murus Dacicus construction technique. Note: Throughout these lists, an asterisk indicates that the

toponym Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''wikt:toponym, toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for ...

is reconstructed.

Thracian and Dacian

Many city names were composed of an initial lexical element affixed to ''-dava'', ''-daua'', ''-deva'', ''-deba'', ''-daba'', or ''-dova'', which meant "city" or "town" Endings on more southern regions are exclusively ''-bria'' ("town, city"), ''-disza'', ''-diza'', ''-dizos'' ("fortress, walled settlement"), ''-para'', ''-paron'', ''-pera'', ''-phara'' ("town, village").

translated -bria as polis, but that may not be accurate. Thracian ''-disza'', ''-diza'', and ''-dizos'' are derived from

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists; its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-Euro ...

''*dheigh-'', "to knead clay", hence to "make bricks", "build walls", "wall", "walls", and so on. These Thracian lexical items show a satemization of PIE ''*gh-''.

Cognates In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language. Because language change can have radical effects on both the soun ...

include

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

''teichos'' ("wall, fort, fortified town", as in the town of Didymoteicho) and

Avestan Avestan ( ) is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. It belongs to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family and was First language, originally spoken during the Avestan period, Old ...

''da?za'' ("wall"). It is suggested that the "dava" endings are from the

Dacian language Dacian () is an extinct language generally believed to be a member of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family that was spoken in the ancient region of Dacia. The Dacian language is poorly documented. Unlike Phrygian languag ...

, while the rest from the Thracian language. However "dava" towns can be found as south as

Sandanski Sandanski ( ; , formerly known as Sveti Vrach, , until 1947) is a town and a recreation center in southwestern Bulgaria, part of Blagoevgrad Province. Named after the Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary Yane Sandanski, it is situated in Sanda ...

and

Plovdiv Plovdiv (, ) is the List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, second-largest city in Bulgaria, 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 490,983 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area. Plovdiv is a cultural hub ...

. Some "dava" toponyms contain the same linguistic features as "diza" toponyms, e.g. Pirodiza and Pirodava. The first written mention of the name "Dacians" is in Roman sources. Strabo specified that the Daci are the Getae, identified as a Thracian tribe. The

Dacians The Dacians (; ; ) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often considered a subgroup of the Thracians. This area include ...

Getae The Getae or Getai ( or , also Getans) were a large nation who inhabited the regions to either side of the Lower Danube in what is today northern Bulgaria and southern Romania, throughout much of Classical Antiquity. The main source of informa ...

and their kings were always considered as Thracians by the ancients (Dio Cassius, Trogus Pompeius, Appian, Strabo, Herodotus and Pliny the Elder) and were said to speak the same language. The

is considered a variety of the Thracian language. Such lexical differentiation -dava vs. para, would be hardly enough evidence to separate Dacian from Thracian, thus they are classified as dialects. It is also possible that '-dava' and '-bria' mean two different things in the same language, rather than meaning the same thing in two different languages. Thus bria could have been used for urbanized settlements, similar in scale and design to those of the "civilised" peoples like Greeks and Romans, whereas '-dava' could mean a settlement which is rural, being situated in the steppe-like part of the Thracian lands. * Abydos *

Acidava Acidava (''Acidaua'') was a Dacians, Dacian and later Roman Dacia, Roman town and fort on the Olt river near the lower Danube. The settlement's remains are located in today's Enoşeşti, Olt County, Oltenia, Romania. History After the Roman ...

(''Acidaua''), a fortress town close to the

Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...

, located in today's Piatra-Olt,

Olt County Olt County () is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the Historical regions of Romania, historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (the regions are separated by the Olt River, Olt river). The capital city is Slatina, Roma ...

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

* Acmonia or Agatapara * Abdera * Acatapara * Aedava (''Aedeva'', ''Aedabe'', ''Aedeba'' or ''Aedadeba''), placed by

Procopius Procopius of Caesarea (; ''Prokópios ho Kaisareús''; ; – 565) was a prominent Late antiquity, late antique Byzantine Greeks, Greek scholar and historian from Caesarea Maritima. Accompanying the Roman general Belisarius in Justinian I, Empe ...

on the Danubian road between Augustae and Variana, in

Moesia Moesia (; Latin: ''Moesia''; ) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River. As a Roman domain Moesia was administered at first by the governor of Noricum as 'Civitates of Moesia and Triballi ...

(the present Northern

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

) * Aedeva, modern

Pernik Pernik ( ) is List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, a town in western Bulgaria (about south-west of Sofia) with a population of 70,285 . Pernik is the most populated town in western Bulgaria after Sofia. It is the main town of Pernik Province an ...

* Ahypara *

Aiadava Aiadava (''Aiadaba'' or ''Aeadaba'', ) was a Dacians, Dacian town in the Remesiana region, present day Bela Palanka, Serbia. After the Romans conquered Moesia in the 75 BC, the new castrum (imperial domain with estates) and municipium was known ...

(''Aiadaba'' or ''Aeadaba'', ), a locality in the Remesiana region in present-day

Bela Palanka Bela Palanka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бела Паланка, ) is a town and municipality located in the Pirot District of southeastern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the population of the town is 7,140, and the population of the municipality i ...

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

Aizis Aizis (''Aixis'', ''Aixim'', ''Airzis'', ''Azizis'', ''Azisis'', ''Aizisis'', ''Alzisis'', ''Aigis'', ''Aigizidava ', ''Zizis'', ) was a Dacians, Dacian town mentioned by Emperor Trajan in his work ''Dacica''. Located at ''Dealul Ruieni'', F ...

(''Aixis'', ''Aixim'', ''Airzis'', ''Azizis'', ''Azisis'', ''Aizisis'', ''Alzisis'', ''Aigis'', ''Aigizidava*'', ''Zizis''), mentioned by Emperor

Trajan Trajan ( ; born Marcus Ulpius Traianus, 18 September 53) was a Roman emperor from AD 98 to 117, remembered as the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. He was a philanthropic ruler and a successful soldier ...

Dacica ''Dacica'' ("Dacian atters), or ''De bello dacico'' ("On the Dacian War"), is a lost Latin work by Roman Emperor Trajan, written in the spirit of Julius Caesar's commentaries like ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico, De Bello Gallico'', and descri ...

* Alaaibria *

Amutria Amutria (''Amutrion'', ''Amutrium'', ''Admutrium'', ''Ad Mutrium'', ''Ad Mutriam'', ) was a Dacian town close to the Danube and included in the Ancient Rome, Roman road network, after the conquest of Dacia. The name is homonymous with the ancie ...

(''Amutrion'', ''Amutrium'', ), a Dacian town close to the

, possibly today's

Motru Motru () is a municipiu, city in Romania, Gorj County. It is situated on the river Motru (river), Motru and its tributary, the river Ploștina (river), Ploștina, in western Oltenia. The county capital Târgu Jiu is located about northeast. The ...

Gorj County Gorj County () is a county () of Romania, in Oltenia, with its capital city at Târgu Jiu. ''Gorj'' comes from the Slavic ''Gornji'' Jiu (“upper Jiu”), in contrast with Dolnji (“lower Jiu”). Demographics At the 2011 census, the count ...

* Apulon (''Apoulon'', ''Apula''), a fortress city close to modern Alba-Iulia,

from which the

name of Apulum is derived * Arcina ('' Arcinna''), a fortress town in

Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ; : , : ) is a historical and geographical region of modern-day Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia was traditionally divided into two sections, Munteni ...

* Apsynthus, the Thracian name for Aenus * Arcobadara *

Argedava Argedava (''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', ) was potentially an important Dacians, Dacian town mentioned in the Decree of Dionysopolis (48 BC), and maybe located at Popești, Giurgiu, Popești, ...

(''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', ), mentioned in the

Decree of Dionysopolis The Decree of Dionysopolis was written around 48 BC by the citizens of Dionysopolis (today's Balchik, on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria) to Akornion, who traveled far away in a diplomatic mission to meet somebody's farther in ''Argedauon''. The ...

, potentially the dava discovered at Popești, a district in the town of Mihăilești, Giurgiu County,

and maybe Burebista's court or capital *

Argidava Argidava (''Argidaua'', ''Arcidava'', ''Arcidaua'', ''Argedava'', ''Argedauon'', ''Argedabon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', ) was a Dacians, Dacian fortress town close to the Danube, inhabited and governed by ...

(''Argidaua'', ''Arcidava'', ''Arcidaua'', ''Argedava'', ''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', ), potentially Burebista's court or capital, located in today's

Vărădia Vărădia () is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, Banat, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Mercina (''Mercsény'') and Vărădia. It is located near the border with Serbia, on the river Caraș, at a distance of from Oravița and fr ...

, Caraș-Severin County,

* Artanes, modern Lom * Arutela * Apulon, capital of the Apuli * Atipara * Authiparu * Bergula *

Berzobis Berzovia () is a Commune in Romania, commune in Caraș-Severin County, Banat, Romania with a population of 4,165 people. It is composed of three villages: Berzovia, Fizeș (''Krassófűzes'') and Gherteniș (''Gertenyes''). It is mentioned on the ...

, ancient Bârzava, Romania * Bataldeua * Bazopara * Bediza * Belaidipara * Bendipara * Beodiza * Bergula, modern ( Luleburgaz) * Beripara * Beroea, modern

Stara Zagora Stara Zagora (, ) is a city in Bulgaria, and the administrative capital of Stara Zagora Province. It is located in the Upper Thracian Plain, near the cities of Kazanlak, Plovdiv, and Sliven. Its population is 121,582 making it the sixth largest c ...

* Bessapara of the Bessi tribe, today Sinitovo * Bizye, capital of the Odrysae * Bolbabria * Bortudiza * Bospara *

Bregedava Bregedava (''Bregedaba'', ) was a Dacian town. See also * Dacian davae * List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia * Dacia * Roman Dacia Roman Dacia ( ; also known as ; or Dacia Felix, ) was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 27 ...

* Breierophara, near modern Komotini * Brentopara * Briparon * Buaipara *

Buricodava Buricodava was a Dacian town. See also * Dava (Dacian), Dacian davae * List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia * Dacia * Roman Dacia Notes References Ancient * * * Modern * * * Further reading * * * External links

* Buridava ('' Burridava''), today's Ocnele Mari, Romania * Burtudiza * Busipara *

Buteridava Buteridava was a Dacian town. See also * Dava (Dacian), Dacian davae * List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia * Dacia * Roman Dacia Notes References Ancient Modern * Further reading Dacian tow ...

* Cabassus * Capidava ('' Kapidaua''), a fortress town on the southern side of the lower

Caria Caria (; from Greek language, Greek: Καρία, ''Karia''; ) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian main ...

, modern Shabla * Carsidava or Karsidaua *

Cedonia Cedonia was a fort A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The t ...

, near

Sibiu Sibiu ( , , , Hungarian: ''Nagyszeben'', , Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'' or ''Hermestatt'') is a city in central Romania, situated in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles th ...

* Chesdupara * Cleipadava * Crenides * Cumidava ('' Comidava'', '' Komidaua''), ancient Râșnov, Romania * Cumlideva * Cypasis * Danedebai, * Dausdava ('' Dausadava'', '' Dausdavua''), "The shrine of wolves", a fortress town close to the

* Debelt * Dentheletica, capital of the

Dentheletae The Dentheletae (), also Danthaletae (Δανθαλῆται) or Denseletae, were a Thracian tribe that in antiquity lived near the sources of the River Strymon, and are mentioned in texts by Polybius, Cassius Dio, Tacitus and by Livy. They li ...

tribe, modern Kyustendil * Desudaba or Maedius of the Maedi tribe, modern

* Diacum * Dierna * Dinogetia, located above the

delta * Docidava or Dokidaua * Dodopara * Drabeskos * Drobeta, located on the left bank of the

Turnu Severin Drobeta-Turnu Severin (), colloquially Severin, is a city in Mehedinți County, Oltenia, Romania, on the northern bank of the Danube, close to the Iron Gates. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. "Drobeta" is the name ...

* Drusipara * Egeta * Ergines * Eumolpias, later Pulpudeva translating ''Philippopolis'', the name resulted in modern

, prehistoric settlement * Gatae * Gazoros * Gellipara * Genucla, settlement located south of the Danube *

Germania Germania ( ; ), also more specifically called Magna Germania (English: ''Great Germania''), Germania Libera (English: ''Free Germania''), or Germanic Barbaricum to distinguish it from the Roman provinces of Germania Inferior and Germania Superio ...

, "hot water", modern Sapareva Banya, site of the

tribe * Germisara "hot water" * Gildova ('' Gildoba''), located along the

Vistula The Vistula (; ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length. Its drainage basin, extending into three other countries apart from Poland, covers , of which is in Poland. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra i ...

river * Giridava * Hesdupara * Iamphorynna, capital of the Maedi tribe * Itadeba ('' Itadava'') * Isgipara * Ismara *

Istria Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; ; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian: ; ; ) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at th ...

(

Olbia Olbia (, ; ; ) is a city and communes of Italy, commune of 61,000 inhabitants in the Italy, Italian insular province of Sassari in northeastern Sardinia, Italy, in the historical region of Gallura. Called in the Roman age, Civita in the Middle ...

) * Jidava, near Câmpulung Muscel, Romania * Jidova * Kabyle of the Kabileti tribe, capital of the Odrysae * Keliadeva * Keirpara * Keriparon * Kipsela, modern Ipsala * Kirpiza * Kistidiza * Klepidaua * Krabnopara * Krasalopara * Kuimedaba * Longinopara * Lygos, modern

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

* Malva, a Dacian settlement where Roman Romula was built * Marcodava (Dacia) ('' Markodaua'') * Maskiobria * Melsambria, modern Nessebar * Melta, modern Lovech * Murideba * Mutzipara* Napoca, ancient

Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca ( ; ), or simply Cluj ( , ), is a city in northwestern Romania. It is the second-most populous city in the country and the seat of Cluj County. Geographically, it is roughly equidistant from Bucharest (), Budapest () and Belgrade ( ...

, Romania * Naulochas, modern Obzor * Nentinava ('' Netindaua''), ancient Slobozia, Romania * Nentivava, ancient Olteniţa, Romania * Netindava * Nipsa near Panisus * Oescus of the Triballi tribe * Odryssa or Uscudama, modern

Edirne Edirne (; ), historically known as Orestias, Adrianople, is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the Edirne Province, province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated from the Greek and from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second c ...

, capital of the Odrysae or Bessi tribe * Onokarsis, capital residence of the Odrysae, possibly modern Starosel * Orsudisza * Ostudiza * Patridava ('' Patridaua'') * Pelendava ('' Pelendova''), ancient

Craiova Craiova (, also , ) is the largest city in southwestern Romania, List of Romanian cities, the seventh largest city in the country and the capital of Dolj County, situated near the east bank of the river Jiu River, Jiu in central Oltenia. It i ...

, Romania * Perburidava * Perperikon * Pinon * Piroboridava *

Petra Petra (; "Rock"), originally known to its inhabitants as Raqmu (Nabataean Aramaic, Nabataean: or , *''Raqēmō''), is an ancient city and archaeological site in southern Jordan. Famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit systems, P ...

, fort of Maedi * Petrodava ('' Petrodaua''), located in Piatra Neamț * Piroboridava (''Piroboridaua'') * Pizos * Polondava * Polymbria *

Potaissa Turda (; , ; ; ) is a Municipiu, city in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located in the southeastern part of the county, from the county seat, Cluj-Napoca, to which it is connected by the European route E81, and from nearby Câmpia ...

(''Patavissa''), ancient

Turda Turda (; , ; ; ) is a Municipiu, city in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located in the southeastern part of the county, from the county seat, Cluj-Napoca, to which it is connected by the European route E81, and from nearby Câmpia ...

, Romania, also named as Patruissa * Predava * Priskupera * Quemedava, mentioned by Procopius in DardaniaEthnic continuity in the Carpatho-Danubian area by Elemér Illyés, 1988, , page 223 * Ramidava (''Rhamidaua'') * Ratiaria * Recidava * Remesiana * Romboses * Rusidava ('' Rusidava'') * Ruconium * Sacidava ('' Sacidaba'') * Sagadava * Salmydessos, modern Kıyıköy, residence of the Odrysae * Sandava * Sangidaua * Sarmizegetusa ('' Sarmisegetuza''),

Decebalus Decebalus (; ), sometimes referred to as Diurpaneus, was the last Dacians, Dacian king. He is famous for fighting three wars, with varying success, against the Roman Empire under two emperors. After raiding south across the Danube, he defeated a R ...

's capital and holy place * Scaidava ('' Skedeba'') * Scaptopara, of the

tribe, modern

Blagoevgrad Blagoevgrad ( ) is List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, а town in Southwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Blagoevgrad Municipality and of Blagoevgrad Province. With a population of almost inhabitants, it is the economic and cultura ...

* Scaripara * Scedabria * Scelabria * Scept * Selymbria, modern

Silivri Silivri, formerly Selymbria (Greek language, Greek: Σηλυμβρία), is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Istanbul Province, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 217,163 (2022). It lies along the Sea of Marmara, outsi ...

in European TurkeyAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 465: "Megara was principal or sole founder of...Kalchedo...Selymbria...Byzantion...Astakos...Herakleia pontike and possible Olbia..." * Serdica of the Serdi tribe, modern

Sofia Sofia is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the western part of the country. The city is built west of the Is ...

* Setidava ('' Setidaua''), mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement * Seuthopolis * Singidava ('' Singidaua'') * Sintica of the Sintoi tribe * Skaripara * Skaskopara * Spinopara * Stratopara * Strupil * Subzupara * Sucidava ('' Suvidava'', '' Sukidaua''), located in Corabia, Olt County, Romania * Susudava, mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement * Sykidaba * Tamasidava ('' Tamasidaua'') * Tarpodiza * Tapae, a Dacian outpost guarding Sarmisegetuza and the site of two major battles between Dacians and Romans * Teichos, residence of the Odryssae *

Therma Therma or Thermē (, ) is the unknown city incorporated into the new city of Thessaloniki by the Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedonians on its synoecism and foundation. Little is known of literary Therma, including its exact location. Thessal ...

of the Mygdones tribe, modern

Thessaloniki Thessaloniki (; ), also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece (with slightly over one million inhabitants in its Thessaloniki metropolitan area, metropolitan area) and the capital cit ...

* Thermidava, placed by Ptolemy on the Lissus- Naissus route. The toponym is most probably a misreading of a settlement which most scholars in contemporary research locate near present-day

Banat Banat ( , ; ; ; ) is a geographical and Historical regions of Central Europe, historical region located in the Pannonian Basin that straddles Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lie ...

, Serbia. * Thynia, town of the Thyni * Tibiscum * Tirista ('' Tsirista'') * Tranopara * Tranupara * Tsgipera * Tsierna ('' Dierna'') * Tyrida * Tyrodiza * Urdoviza, modern Kiten * Utidava ('' Utidaua'') * Zalcdaba * Zaldapa * Zargidava ('' Zargidaua'') * Zburulus * Sarmicegetusa * Zeugma * Zesutera * Zidava * Zikideva * Zimnicea, site where

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon (; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip ...

fought the Dacians * Ziridava (''Ziridaua''), identified archaeologically with Pecica, Arad, Romania * Zirmai * Zisnudeba * Zisnedeva ('' Zisnudeva'', '' Zisnudeba''), located in Dacian

* Zucidaua * Zurobara * Zusidava Thraciae-veteris-typvs

Unknown names

: Aghireșu : Ardan : Ardeu : Arpașu de Sus : Augustin : Băile Tușnad : Băleni-Români : Bănița : Bâzdâna : Beidaud : Bocșa : Boroșneu Mic : Boșorod : Botfei : Breaza : Bretea Mureșană : Bucium : Căpâlna : Cernat :

Cetățeni Cetățeni is a Commune in Romania, commune in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cetățeni, Lăicăi, and Valea Cetățuia. The commune is situated at a distance of from Pitești and from Câmpulung, right next ...

: Cioclovina : Clopotiva : "Costești-Blidaru" : "Costești-Cetățuie" : Cotnari : Coțofenii din Dos : Covasna : Cozia : Crăsanii de Jos : Crivești : Crizbav : Cuciulata : "Cucuiș - Dealul Golu" : "Cucuiș - Vârful Berianului" : Cugir : Cârlomănești : Dalboșeț : Densuș : Divici : Drajna de Sus : Dumitrița : Eliseni : Feldioara : "Fețele Albe" : Grădiștea de Munte : Iedera de Jos : Feleac : Jigodin : Liubcova : Mala Kopania : Marca : Mataraua : Merești : Moinești : Monariu : Monor : Moșna : Ocolișu Mic : Odorheiu Secuiesc : Olteni : Orăștie Mountains :

Petrila Petrila (; ) is a town in the Jiu Valley, Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located near the confluence of the rivers Jiul de Est, Taia (river), Taia, and Jieț (Jiu), Jieț. The town administers four villages: Cimpa (''Csimpa''), Ji ...

: Petroșani : "Piatra Roșie" : Pietroasa Mică : Pinticu : Pisculești : Poiana cu Cetate : Polovragi : Ponor : Popești (Călărași) : Porumbenii Mari : Praid : Racoș : Racu : Radovanu - Gorgana I : Radovanu - Jidovescu : Roadeș :

Rovinari Rovinari () is a town in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, ...

: Rușor : Sacalasău : Satu Mare (Harghita) : Satu Nou : Sânzieni : Seimeni : Socol : Sprâncenata : Stâncești : Stoina : Șeica Mică : Tășad : Telița : Teliu : Tilișca : Timișu de Jos : Turia : Unip :

Uroi Simeria (; ; ) is a town in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania, and an important railway junction with a hump yard. Six villages are administered by the town: Bârcea Mare (''Nagybarcsa''), Cărpiniș (''Gyertyános''), Simeria Veche (''Ópi ...

: Valea Seacă : Viișoara Moșneni : Zemplín : Zetea

Thraco-Illyrian

* Chesdupara * Daradapara * Scupi of the

Dardani The Dardani (; ; ) or Dardanians were a Paleo-Balkan languages, Paleo-Balkan people, who lived in a region that was named Kingdom of Dardania, Dardania after their settlement there. They were among the oldest Balkan peoples, and their society wa ...

tribe *

Sirmium Sirmium was a city in the Roman province of Pannonia, located on the Sava river, on the site of modern Sremska Mitrovica in the Vojvodina autonomous province of Serbia. First mentioned in the 4th century BC and originally inhabited by Illyrians ...

Thrace and Macedonia

Thrace, from Strymon to Nestos

* Amphipolis, founded by colonists from

Athens Athens ( ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Greece, largest city of Greece. A significant coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, Athens is also the capital of the Attica (region), Attica region and is the southe ...

* AkontismaAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 856 * Antisara * Creston, modern Kilkis * Datos, founded by colonists from

Thasos Thasos or Thassos (, ''Thásos'') is a Greek island in the North Aegean Sea. It is the northernmost major Greek island, and 12th largest by area. The island has an area of 380 km2 and a population of about 13,000. It forms a separate regiona ...

An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 855: "The Thasians... they founded Krenides and Daton" * Drabeskos * Eion, founded by colonists from

* Ennea Hodoi * Galepsus, founded by colonists from

* Gasoros * Heraclea Sintica * Krenides, founded by colonists from

* Mastira, mentioned by Demosthenes (341 BCE) in his "The Oration on the State of the Chersonesus". This town was unknown to the scholar Harpocration (100-200 CE), who suggests that instead of "Mastira" we should read " Bastira", a known Thracian town of that name. * Myrkinos, founded by colonists from

Miletus Miletus (Ancient Greek: Μίλητος, Mílētos) was an influential ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River in present day Turkey. Renowned in antiquity for its wealth, maritime power, and ex ...

An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 782, "The Thasians are said to have colonised the Hedonian city of Myrkinos, Galepsos and Oisyme..." in 497 BC * Neapolis, founded by colonists from

, modern Kavala * Oesyme, founded by colonists from

* ParoikopolisAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 857 * Pergamos * Phagres, founded by colonists from

Philippi Philippi (; , ''Phílippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides (, ''Krēnĩdes'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colonists in 360/359 BC. The city was renamed by Phili ...

, founded by

Philip II of Macedon Philip II of Macedon (; 382 BC – October 336 BC) was the king (''basileus'') of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty, founders of the ...

, rebuilt Crenides * Philippopolis (modern

) * Pistyros, founded by colonists from

* Sirra, founded by

, rebuilt town of the Siriopeoni, modern Serres * Skapte Hyle * Skotoussa * Tristolos

Thrace, from Nestos to Hebros

* Abdera, founded by colonists from

Klazomenai Klazomenai () or Clazomenae was one of the 12 cities of ancient Ionia (the others being Chios, Samos, Phocaea, Erythrae, Teos, Lebedus, Colophon (city), Colophon, Ephesus, Priene, Myus, and Miletus). It is located at the south coast of Smyrna Gu ...

* Ainos ('' Poltymbria'') founded by colonists from Alopeke,

Mytilene Mytilene (; ) is the capital city, capital of the Greece, Greek island of Lesbos, and its port. It is also the capital and administrative center of the North Aegean Region, and hosts the headquarters of the University of the Aegean. It was fo ...

, and Kyme * Bergepolis, founded by colonists from Abdera * Doriskos * Drys, founded by colonists from Samothrace * Dikaia, founded by colonists from

Samos Samos (, also ; , ) is a Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese archipelago, and off the coast of western Turkey, from which it is separated by the Mycale Strait. It is also a separate reg ...

The Histories by Herodotus, Carolyn Dewald, and Robin Waterfield, 2008, page 442: "... bed of the Lisus, Xerxes passed the Greek towns of Maronea, Dicaea, and Abdera. His route also took him past a ..." * Kypsela * Larissa * Maroneia, founded by colonists from

Chios Chios (; , traditionally known as Scio in English) is the fifth largest Greece, Greek list of islands of Greece, island, situated in the northern Aegean Sea, and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, tenth largest island in the Medi ...

* Menebria, founded by colonists from Samothrace on a town named Melsambria, modern Nessebar * Orthagoria * Sale, founded by colonists from Samothrace * Stryme, founded from colonists from

* Zone, founded by colonists from Samothrace

Inland Thrace

Alexandropolis Maedica Alexandropolis () in the ancient Thrace, Thracian region of Maedians, was the first town founded by Alexander the Great after he defeated a local Thracian tribe as a regent (, ''epitropos'') of Macedon in 340 BC. Its name was chosen by anal ...

* Beroea, founded by

in 342 BC * Philippopolis, Pulpudeva ('' Philippopolis''), today's city of

in Bulgaria, founded by

in a town formerly called ''Eumolpias''. * Stanimachos, founded by colonists from Istiaia, modern Asenovgrad * Pistiros, founded by Pistyrians from the coast

Thracian Chersonesos

* Aegospotami (''Aegospotamos'') * Alokopennesos, founded by colonists from Aeolis * Araplos * Callipolis * Chersonesos (''

Agora The agora (; , romanized: ', meaning "market" in Modern Greek) was a central public space in ancient Ancient Greece, Greek polis, city-states. The literal meaning of the word "agora" is "gathering place" or "assembly". The agora was the center ...

''), founded by colonists from

* Derris * Elaious, founded by colonists from

* Ide * Kardia, founded by colonists from

An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 636: "In the archaic period Athens colonised Sigeion, Elaious, Chersonesus, Paktye, Sestus, Kardia..." * Kressa * Krithotai, founded by colonists from

* Limnae, founded by colonists from

* Madytos, founded by colonists from

Lesbos Lesbos or Lesvos ( ) is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of , with approximately of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, eighth largest ...

* Pactya, founded by colonists from

* Paion * Sestos, founded by colonists from

Propontic Thrace

* Athyra * Byzantion, founded by colonists from

Megara Megara (; , ) is a historic town and a municipality in West Attica, Greece. It lies in the northern section of the Isthmus of Corinth opposite the island of Salamis Island, Salamis, which belonged to Megara in archaic times, before being taken ...

on a town called Lygos, modern

* Bisanthe, founded by colonists from

* Daminon Teichos * Ergiske * Heraclea ('' Perinthus'') * Heraion, founded by colonists from

* Lysimachia * Neapolis (Thracian Chersonese), founded by colonists from

* Orestias, rebuilt * Perinthus, founded by colonists from

* Rhaedestus, founded by colonists from

* Serrion Teichos * Selymbria, modern

in European Turkey, of Thracian etymology * Tyrodiza, of Thracian etymology

West Pontic coast

* Aegyssos, modern

Tulcea Tulcea (; also known by #Names, alternative names) is a city in Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea County, and had a population of 65,624 . One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city. It is one ...

* Aquae Calidae * Ahtopol, founded by colonists from

* Anchialos, modern Pomorie, founded by colonists from Appolonia * Apollonia, modern Sozopol, founded by

Ionians The Ionians (; , ''Íōnes'', singular , ''Íōn'') were one of the traditional four major tribes of Ancient Greece, alongside the Dorians, Aeolians, and Achaeans. The Ionian dialect was one of the three major linguistic divisions of the ...

* Bizone, founded by colonists from

, modern Kavarna * Krutoi, modern Balchik founded by Miletian colonists * Dionysopolis, modern Balchik, founded by colonists from

* Heliopolis, modern Obzor * Histria, founded by colonists from

* Kallatis ('' Callatis''), founded from colonists from Herakleia Pontike, modern-day Mangalia, Romania * Mesembria, modern Nesebar, settled during the 6th century BC by

Dorians The Dorians (; , , singular , ) were one of the four major ethnic groups into which the Greeks, Hellenes (or Greeks) of Classical Greece divided themselves (along with the Aeolians, Achaeans (tribe), Achaeans, and Ionians). They are almost alw ...

from

* Odessos, modern Varna, founded by colonists from

* Nikonion, founded by colonists from Istros * Salmydessos (from IE ''*salm-udes'', "salty water"; cf. Greek ''álmē'', "sea water, brine"; ''ýdos'', "water") * Tomis, modern Constanta, rebuilt

Scythia Scythia (, ) or Scythica (, ) was a geographic region defined in the ancient Graeco-Roman world that encompassed the Pontic steppe. It was inhabited by Scythians, an ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people. Etymology The names ...

n town

Other

* Aison * Brea, founded by colonists from

, * Gazoros * Heraclea Sintica on a tribe of the Sintoi tribe * Kossaia

Persian

* Boryza (city)An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 891, "Note that the only one which is explicitly called a polis by Hekataios is Boryza (fr.166) and here we learn that it is a polis inhabited by Persians i.e not by Greeks or Thracians." *

Doriscus Doriscus (, ''Dorískos'') was a settlement in ancient Thrace (modern-day Greece), on the northern shores of Aegean Sea, in a plain west of the river Hebrus (river), Hebrus. It was notable for remaining in Achaemenid Empire, Persian hands for many ...

Roman

* Abritus * Acumincum * Ad Medium * Agura Piatra ( Regianum) * Appiaria * Apros * Aquis * Augustae * Augusta Traiana (formerly Beroe, later Stara Zagora) * Burgenae * Camistrum * Caenophrurium * Cypsella * Deultum, rebuilt Debelt * Deltum * Diocletianopolis (modern Hisarya) * Doracium * Durorstorum, modern Silistra * Drobeta * Gensis * Hadrianople, rebuild Uscudama * Justiniana Prima * Margus * Marcianopolis, modern Devnya * Maximianopolis * Morisena *

Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...

* Nicopolis ad Istrum * Nicopolis ad Nestum, rebuilt Alexandrupolis * Novae * Oescus * Pautalia, modern Kyustendil * Pescium, modern

Peć Peja or Peć, ), is the fifth most populous city in Kosovo and serves as the seat of the Peja Municipality and the District of Peja. It is located in the Rugova (region), Rugova region on the eastern section of the Accursed Mountains along the ...

* Plotinopolis, modern Hissarya, * Porolissum * Resculum (castra Remesiana) * Sexagnita Prista, modern Ruse *

* Theranda * Traianopolis * Transmarisca, modern Tutrakan * Tropaeum Traiani * Turres, modern Pirot * Ulmetum * Ulpiana * Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa * Valve, modern Vratsa * Vicianum, modern Vučitrn * Viminacium * Zaldapa * Zikideva * the rest after conquest

Celtic

* Dunonia, modern Vidin * Malata * Naissus, modern

Niš Niš (; sr-Cyrl, Ниш, ; names of European cities in different languages (M–P)#N, names in other languages), less often spelled in English as Nish, is the list of cities in Serbia, third largest city in Serbia and the administrative cente ...

* Noviodunum * Serdica, modern

* Singidunum, modern

Belgrade Belgrade is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin, Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. T ...

* Taurunum * Tylis

Notes

References

* * * * *

External links

*
Sorin Olteanu's Project: Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms Section

Placenames in the Compilation 'notitia dignitatum' (Cnd)

Dacian Map

Thracians and Dacians

Thracians 700-46 BC
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ancient Cities in Thrace And Dacia Geography of ancient Thrace Ancient Thrace Celtic towns Thracian towns Greek colonies in Thrace Greek colonization Former populated places in the Balkans Archaeological sites in Romania Balkans-related lists