The following is a list of empresses and queens consort of China. China has periodically been divided into kingdoms as well as united under empires, resulting in consorts titled both queen and empress. The empress title could also be given posthumously.

Empresses and queens consort

The title of empress consort (, ''húanghòu'') could also be given posthumously. The posthumous empresses are listed separately by the year they were given the title.

Zhou dynasty

Western Han dynasty

Xin dynasty

Eastern Han dynasty

* AD 26–41:

Guo Shengtong Guo Shengtong (郭聖通; 6? – 22 July 52 CE''dingmao'' day of the 6th month of the 28th year of the ''Jian'wu'' era, per Emperor Guangwu's biography in ''Book of the Later Han'') was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty. She was the sec ...

* 41–57: Empress

Yin Lihua Yin Lihua (; 5–26 February 64 AD), formally Empress Guanglie (光烈皇后), was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty. She was the second empress of her husband Emperor Guangwu (Liu Xiu), even though she was his first wife and married ...

* 60–75: Empress Ma * 78–88: Empress Dou * 96–102: Empress Yin * 102–106: Empress

Deng Sui Deng Sui ( zh, t=鄧綏; 81 – 17 April 121), formally Empress Hexi ( zh, t=和熹皇后, links=no, l=moderate and pacifying empress), was an empress of the Eastern Han dynasty through her marriage to Emperor He of Han, and later its '' de fact ...

* 108–125: Empress

Yan Ji Yan Ji (閻姬) (died 28 February 126), formally Empress Ansi (安思皇后, literally "the peaceful and deep-thinking empress"), was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty. Her husband was Emperor An. She was known for her conspiratorial and ...

* 132–144: Empress

Liang Na Liang Na (; 116 – 6 April 150), formally Empress Shunlie (順烈皇后, literally "the kind and achieving empress"), was an empress during the Han dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Shun of Han. She later served as regent for his son Emperor Chon ...

* 147–159: Empress

Liang Nüying Liang Nüying () (died 9 August 159), formally Empress Yixian (懿獻皇后, literally "the meek and wise empress") was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty. She was Emperor Huan's first wife. Family background It is not known when Liang ...

* 159–165: Empress

Deng Mengnü Deng Mengnü (鄧猛女) (died 165), also briefly known as Liang Mengnü (梁猛女) then as Bo Mengnü (薄猛女), was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty. She was the second wife of Emperor Huan. Family background Deng Mengnü's fath ...

* 165–168: Empress

Dou Miao Dou Miao (; died 18 July 172), formally Empress Huansi (literally, "the diligent and deep-thinking empress"), was an empress during the Han dynasty. She was the third wife of Emperor Huan. After his death in January 168, she served as regent fo ...

* 171–178: Empress Song * 180–189: Empress He * 195–214: Empress Fu Shou * 215–220: Empress Cao Jie

Three Kingdoms period

Cao Wei

* 222–226: Empress

Guo Nüwang Guo Nüwang (8 April 184 – 14 March 235), formally known as Empress Wende, was an empress of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was married to Cao Pi, the first emperor of Wei. Family background and marriage ...

* 227–237: Empress Mao * 238–239: Empress Guo * 243–251: Empress Zhen * 252–254: Empress Zhang * 254: Empress Wang * 255–260: Empress Bian * 263–265: Empress Bian *

Shu Han

* 221–223:

Empress Wu The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , , "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often vocalize it as st ...

* 223–237: Empress Zhang * 238–263: Empress Zhang

Eastern Wu

* 251–252: Empress Pan * 252–258: Empress

Quan Huijie Empress Quan (244 – early 300s), also known as Quan Huijie, was an empress of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was married to Sun Liang, the second emperor of Wu. Life Lady Quan was a daughter of Quan S ...

* 262–264: Empress Zhu * 264–280: Empress

Teng Fanglan Empress Teng ( 258–284), personal name Teng Fanglan, was an empress of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She married Sun Hao, the fourth and last emperor of Wu. Life Lady Teng was the daughter of Teng Mu (滕� ...

Jin dynasty

* 265–274:

Empress Yang Yan Yang Yan (楊艷) (238 – August 25, 274), courtesy name Qiongzhi (瓊芝), formally Empress Wuyuan (武元皇后, "the martial and discerning empress") was an empress of the Western Jin dynasty. She was the first wife of Emperor Wu. Early ...

* 276–290:

Empress Yang Zhi Yang Zhi (楊芷) (259 – 6 March 292), courtesy name Jilan (季蘭), nickname Nanyin (男胤), formally Empress Wudao (武悼皇后, literally "the martial and fearful empress") was an empress of the Jin dynasty. She was Emperor Wu's second ...

* 290–300: Empress

Jia Nanfeng Jia Nanfeng (257 – 13 May 300), nicknamed Shi (峕), was a Chinese empress consort. She was a daughter of Jia Chong and the first wife of Emperor Hui of the Jin dynasty and also a granddaughter of Jia Kui. She is commonly seen as a villain ...

* 300–301, 301–304, 304, 304–305, 305, 306–307:

Yang Xianrong Yang Xianrong (羊獻容) (died 13 May 322), posthumous name (as honored by Former Zhao) Empress Xianwen (獻文皇后, literally "the wise and civil empress"), was an empress—uniquely in the history of China, for two different dynastic empire ...

* 307–311: Empress

Liang Lanbi Liang Lanbi (梁蘭璧; 300–311) was an empress during the Jin dynasty. Her husband was the ill-fated Sima Chi (Emperor Huai). Volume 138 of ''Taiping Yulan'' had a short biography on her, citing the ''Book of Jin'' authored by Zang Rongxu. S ...

* 323–326: Empress

Yu Wenjun Yu Wenjun ( zh, c=庾文君; 297 – March or April 328), formally Empress Mingmu (明穆皇后, literally "the understanding and solemn empress"), was an empress of the Chinese Jin dynasty by marriage to Emperor Ming. She served as regent during ...

* 336–341: Empress Du * 342–344: Empress

Chu Suanzi Chu Suanzi (; 324 – 5 July 384), formally Empress Kangxian (康獻皇后, literally "the joyful and wise empress"), at times as Empress Dowager Chongde (崇德太后), was an empress of the Eastern Jin. Her husband was Emperor Kang, and, outli ...

* 357–361: Empress

He Fani Empress He Fani (; 339 – 13 September 404), formally Empress Muzhang (穆章皇后, literally "the solemn and polite empress"), semi-formally Empress Yong'an (永安皇后), was an empress of the Eastern Jin dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Mu ...

* 361–365: Empress

Wang Muzhi Empress Wang Muzhi (; ) ( ), formally Empress Aijing (; literally "the lamentable and peaceful empress"), was an empress of the Eastern Jin dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Ai. She was an aunt of Wang Fahui, another empress of the Eastern Jin. ...

* 365–366: Empress

Yu Daolian Yu Daolian (; died 5 July 366), formally Empress Xiao (孝皇后, literally "the filial empress"), was an empress of the Eastern Jin dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Fei of Jin. Life Yu Daolian was a daughter of Yu Bing, one of the co-prime mi ...

* 375–380: Empress

Wang Fahui Empress Wang Fahui (; 360 – 24 October 380), formally Empress Xiaowuding (; literally "the filial, martial, and quieting empress") was an empress during the Jin Dynasty (266–420). Her husband was Emperor Xiaowu. She was a niece of Wang Muzhi ...

* 396–403, 404–412: Empress

Wang Shen'ai Empress Wang Shen'ai (; ; ), formally Empress Anxi (, literally "the peaceful and careful empress") was an empress of the Eastern Jin. Her husband was the developmentally disabled Emperor An. Life Wang Shen'ai was the daughter of the official ...

* 419–420:

Chu Lingyuan Chu Lingyuan (; 384 – 7 August 436), formally Empress Gongsi (恭思皇后), was the last empress consort of the Chinese Eastern Jin dynasty. Her husband was the last emperor of the dynasty, Emperor Gong (Sima Dewen). Family background Chu ...

Huan Chu dynasty

* 403–404: Empress Liu

Sixteen Kingdoms period

Cheng Han

* 315–334:

Empress Ren Empress Ren (; personal name unknown; 315 - 338) was an empress of the Di-led Cheng-Han dynasty of China. Her husband was the founding emperor Li Xiong (Emperor Wu). She was created empress by Li Xiong in February or March 315. She had no sons of ...

* 334–338?: Empress Yan * 338–343: Empress Yan * 343–347: Empress Li

Han-Zhao

* 304–?: Empress Huyan * 310:

Empress Dan Empress Shan (單皇后, personal name unknown; died 310) was an empress of the Xiongnu-led Chinese Han-Zhao dynasty. She was the second wife of the founding emperor Liu Yuan (Emperor Guangwen). Her name can be rendered as Empress Dan. Biogra ...

* 310–312: Empress Huyan * 313: Empress Zhang * 313–314: Empress Liu E * 315–318: Empress Jin Yueguang * 315–318: Left Empress Liu * 315–318: Empress Jin Yuehua * 316–318: Upper Empress Fan * 318: Left Empress Wang * 318: Middle Empress Xuan * 318: Empress Jin * 319–322: Empress Yang * 325–326: Empress Liu * 326–329: Empress Liu

Later Zhao

* 330–333: Empress Liu * 337:

Zheng Yingtao Zheng Yingtao (; died 349) was an empress consort of China's Jie-led Later Zhao dynasty. She was Shi Hu (Emperor Wu)'s first empress, but not his first wife. Life Zheng Yingtao became a concubine of Shi Hu's, apparently when he was in his late ...

* 337–348: Du Zhu * 348–349: Empress Liu * 349: Empress Zhang

Ran Wei

* 350–352: Empress Dong

Former Liang

* 324?-346:

Princess Yan Princess Yan (嚴王后, personal name unknown) was the wife of the History of China, Chinese state Former Liang's ruler Zhang Jun (Former Liang), Zhang Jun. It is not known when Zhang Jun married her, but it is known that she carried the title ...

* 346?-354:

Princess Pei Princess Pei (裴王后, personal name unknown) (died 354) was the wife of the Chinese state Former Liang's ruler Zhang Chonghua. Very little is known about her, including when Zhang Chonghua made her his princess. After Zhang Chonghua's death i ...

* 354–355: Empress Xin

Later Liang

* 389–400:

Princess Shi Princess Shi (; personal name unknown), who might have taken the title Empress Shi () at one point, was the wife of Lü Guang (Emperor Yiwu), the founder of the Di-led Later Liang dynasty of China. Very little is known about her. What is known i ...

* 400–401: Empress Yang * 401–403: Empress Yang

Western Liang

* Princess Yin

Northern Liang

* 401–433:

Princess Meng Princess Meng () was a princess of the Lushuihu-led Chinese Northern Liang dynasty. Her husband was Juqu Mengxun (Prince Wuxuan). Very little is known about Princess Meng. She was mentioned as Juqu Mengxun's wife in 413, when she thwarted an assa ...

* 433?-437: Princess

Li Jingshou Li Jingshou () (died 437?) was a princess of the Lushuihu-led Northern Liang dynasty of China. Her husband was Juqu Mujian (Prince Ai). Li Jingshou was the daughter of the Western Liang prince Li Gao and Lady Yin, who was later princess dowager ...

* 437–439:

Princess Tuoba Princess Tuoba also known by her Dynasty of Northern Wei (386 to 534/535) title Princess Wuwei (武威公主), was the daughter of Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei and who later was a princess of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Northern Liang. Her husba ...

Southern Liang

* 408–414: Queen Zhejue

Former Qin

* 351–355:

Empress Qiang Empress Qiang (強皇后, personal name unknown) (died 356), formally Empress Mingde (明德皇后, literally "the understanding and virtuous empress"), was an empress of the Di-led Former Qin dynasty of China. Her husband was Former Qin's foundi ...

* 355: Empress Liang * 357–385:

Empress Gou Empress Gou (苟皇后, personal name unknown) was an empress of the Di (Five Barbarians), Di-led Former Qin, Former Qin dynasty of China. Her husband was Fu Jiān, who created her Emperor, empress in 355 after seizing the throne from his violent ...

* 385–386: Empress Yang * 387–389: Empress Mao * 392–393: Empress Li

Later Qin

* 386–394:

Empress She Empress She (蛇皇后, personal name unknown) (died 397) was an empress of the Qiang-led Chinese Later Qin dynasty. Her husband was the founding emperor Yao Chang (Emperor Wuzhao), and she was the mother of Yao Chang's crown prince and successor ...

* 402–?: Empress Zhang * 412–?:

Empress Qi Yao Xing (; 366–416), courtesy name Zilüe (子略), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Wenhuan of Later Qin (後秦文桓帝), was an emperor of the Qiang-led Chinese Later Qin dynasty. He was the son of the founding emperor Yao C ...

* 416–417:

Yao Hong's empress Yao Hong's empress (actual name unknown) (died 417) was the wife of Yao Hong, the last emperor of the Qiang-led Later Qin dynasty of China. Very little is known about her other than her existence—not even her name—and the fact that she was hi ...

Western Qin

* 388–394, 394–400, 409–412:

Queen Bian Queen Bian (; personal name unknown) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Qin dynasty. Her husband was Qifu Gangui (King Wuyuan). Shortly after Qifu Gangui became king in 388, after the death of his brother, the founding king Qifu G ...

* 394:

Queen Fu Queen Fu (; personal name unknown) was a queen of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Qin dynasty. Her husband was Qifu Gangui (King Wuyuan). She was a younger sister of the Former Qin emperor Fu Deng (Emperor Gao), and he created her Princess Dongp ...

* 414–423:

Queen Tufa Queen Tufa (; personal name unknown) (died 423) was a queen of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Qin dynasty. Her husband was Qifu Chipan (Prince Wenzhao). She was the daughter of Tufa Rutan (Prince Jing), the last ruling prince of the Southern L ...

* 429–431:

Queen Liang Queen Liang (; personal name unknown) was a queen of the Western Qin dynasty of China. Her husband was the final king, Qifu Mumo. Very little is known about Queen Liang. Qifu Mumo created her queen in 429, after he had succeeded his father Qifu C ...

Former Yan

* 337–348: Princess Duan * 348?–360: Empress Kezuhun * 369–370: Empress Kezuhun

Later Yan

* 388–396: Duan Yuanfei * 396–398: Empress Duan * 404–407:

Fu Xunying Fu Xunying (苻訓英) (died 407 AD) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Later Yan, Later Yan dynasty. Her husband was Murong Xi (Emperor Zhaowen). Life Fu Xunying was a daughter of Fu Mo (苻謨), a member of Former Qin's imperial house ...

* 407–409: Empress Li

Northern Yan

* 409–?:

Princess Sun Princess Sun (; personal name unknown) was a princess consort of the Chinese Northern Yan dynasty. Her husband was Feng Ba Feng Ba (; died 430), courtesy name Wenqi (文起), nickname Qizhifa (乞直伐), also known by his posthumous name as the ...

* 430–?:

Princess Murong Princess Murong (, personal name unknown) was a princess and queen consort of the Chinese state Northern Yan. Her husband was the last emperor, Feng Hong (Emperor Zhaocheng), of that dynasty. Presumably, she was from the Murong imperial clan ...

Southern Yan

* 398–405:

Duan Jifei Duan Jifei () was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Southern Yan dynasty. Her husband was the founding emperor Murong De (Emperor Xianwu). Her given name is lost to history, but her courtesy name Jifei was recorded and used by historians. Her ...

* 408–410: Empress Huyan

Xia

* 407–425: Empress Kezuhun * 425–427: Helian Chang's empress

Northern and Southern dynasties

Liu Song

* 422–424: Empress

Sima Maoying Sima Maoying (; 393? or 403/4?Zhang Senkai is of the opinion that Sima Maoying's true birth year is around this period as this would make her 36-37 years old (by East Asian reckoning) at the time of her death. In addition, one possible reason why ...

* 424–440: Empress Yuan Qigui * 453: Empress Yin Yuying * 453–464: Empress

Wang Xianyuan Wang Xianyuan (; c. 427 – 9 October 464), formally Empress Xiaowenmu (孝武文穆皇后, literally "the civil and solemn empress"), was an empress of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Xiaowu (Liu Jun). Background Wang ...

* 465: Empress Lu * 465–472: Empress

Wang Zhenfeng Wang Zhenfeng (; 436 – 12 November 479), formally Empress Gong (恭皇后, literally "the respectful empress"), was an empress of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Ming of Song (Liu Yu). She served as regent during the min ...

* 472–477: Empress

Jiang Jiangui Jiang Jiangui (江簡珪) was an empress of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Houfei of Liu Song (Liu Yu). Very little is known about her. Jiang Jiangui came from a noble lineage, as her grandfather Jiang Zhiyuan (江智淵) ...

* 478–479: Empress Xie Fanjing

Southern Qi

* 493–494: He Jingying * 494: Wang Shaoming * 498–501:

Chu Lingqu Chu Lingqu (褚令璩) (495 - 502) was an empress of the Chinese Southern Qi dynasty. Her husband was Xiao Baojuan. Chu Lingqu came from an aristocratic family, as the daughter of the official Chu Cheng (褚澄), a younger brother of Chu Yuan, wh ...

* 501–502:

Wang Shunhua Wang Shunhua (王蕣華) was an empress of the Chinese Southern Qi dynasty. Her husband was the final emperor of the dynasty, Emperor He. Wang Shunhua's grandfather Wang Jian was an early Southern Qi prime minister, and her clan was one of the ...

Northern Wei

* 400–409: Empress Murong * 432–452:

Empress Helian Empress Helian (赫連皇后; died 453), formally Empress Taiwu (太武皇后), was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Taiwu. She was a daughter of the Hu Xia's founding emperor Helian Bobo (Emp ...

* 456–465: Empress Feng * 493–497: Empress Feng Qing * 497–499:

Empress Feng Run Empress Feng (died 23 February 499 ), formally Empress You (幽皇后, literally "the lonely empress"), was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty. She was the second empress of Emperor Xiaowen. Early life It is not known wh ...

* 501–507: Empress Yu * 508–515: Empress Gao * 5??–528: Empress Hu * 528–530:

Empress Erzhu Ying'e Empress Erzhu (514–556) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China. She was the wife of Emperor Xiaozhuang and a daughter of the paramount general Erzhu Rong. She later became a concubine of Northern Wei and Eastern Wei's ...

* 530–531: Empress Erzhu * 532: Empress Erzhu * 533–534: Empress Gao

Western Wei

* 535–538:

Empress Yifu Empress Yifu (乙弗皇后, personal name unknown) (510–540 CE), formally Empress Wen (文皇后, literally "the civil empress"), was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Wei dynasty—a branch successor state of Northern Wei. Her husban ...

* 538–540:

Empress Yujiulü Empress Yujiulü (郁久閭皇后, personal name unknown) (525–540), formally Empress Dao (悼皇后, literally "the untimely-dead empress"), was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Wei dynasty — a branch successor state of Northern W ...

* 553–554:

Empress Yuwen Empress Yuwen (宇文皇后, personal name unknown) (died 554?) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Wei dynasty — a branch successor state of Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Fei (Yuan Qin), and her father was Western Wei's par ...

* 554–556: Empress Ruogan

Eastern Wei

* 539–550: Empress Gao

Northern Qi

* 550–559:

Empress Li Zu'e Empress Li Zu'e ( zh, c=李祖娥) (545 - 581) was an empress of the History of China, Chinese dynasty Northern Qi, known at times semi-formally as Empress Zhaoxin () (due to her residence being Zhaoxin Palace). Her husband was Emperor Wenxuan of ...

* 560–561: Empress Yuan * 561–565: Empress Hu * 565–572:

Empress Hulü Empress Hulü (; personal name unknown) was an empress of the Northern Qi dynasty of China. She was Gao Wei's first empress, and she was a daughter of the general Hulü Guang. Her family was one of the most prominent military families in Northern ...

* 572–573: Empress Hu * 572–577: Empress Mu

Liang dynasty

* 551: Empress Zhang * Empress Wang * 560–561: Empress Wang

Chen dynasty

* Zhang Yao'er * Shen Miaorong * Wang Shaoji *

Liu Jingyan Empress Liu (531 – 20 March 615), personal name Liu Jingyan (), was an empress of the Chinese Chen dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Xuan (Chen Xu). She briefly governed as regent during the illness of her son Chen Shubao in 582. Background ...

* Shen Wuhua

Northern Zhou

* 557–557: Empress Yuan Humo * 568–568: Empress Dugu * 568–578:

Empress Ashina Empress Ashina (阿史那皇后) (551 – 30 May 582) was a Göktürk princess, who became an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Zhou dynasty. She was the daughter of Göktürk's third khagan Muqan Qaghan, and her husband was Emperor ...

* 578–579:

Yang Lihua Yang Lihua (; 561–609) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Zhou dynasty, and later a princess of the Sui dynasty. Background Yang Lihua was born in 561, as the eldest daughter of Yang Jian, then the heir apparent to Yang ...

* 579–580: Empress Sima Lingji

Sui dynasty

* 581–602:

Dugu Qieluo Dugu Qieluo or Dugu Jialuo (; 544 – September 10, 602), formally Empress Wenxian (), was an empress of the Sui dynasty of China. She was the wife of Emperor Wen, who, on account of his love and respect for her, as well as an oath they made w ...

, empress consort of Emperor Wen * 605–618: Empress Xiao, empress consort of

Emperor Yang Emperor Yang of Sui (隋煬帝, 569 – 11 April 618), personal name Yang Guang (), alternative name Ying (), Xianbei name Amo (), was the second emperor of the Sui dynasty of China. Emperor Yang's original name was Yang Ying, but he was rena ...

Tang dynasty

* 626–636:

Empress Zhangsun Empress Zhangsun (長孫皇后, personal name unknown, presumably Wugou (無垢) (15 March 601 – 28 July 636), formally Empress Wendeshunsheng (文德順聖皇后, literally "the civil, virtuous, serene, and holy empress") or, in short, Empr ...

, empress consort of Emperor Taizong * 650–655: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong * 655–684:

Wu Zetian Wu Zetian (624 – 16 December 705), personal name Wu Zhao, was List of rulers of China#Tang dynasty, Empress of China from 660 to 705, ruling first through others and later in her own right. She ruled as queen consort , empress consort th ...

, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong, later also an

empress regnant A queen regnant (: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank, title and position to a king. She reigns '' suo jure'' (in her own right) over a realm known as a kingdom; as opposed to a queen consort, who is married to a reigni ...

* 684–684: Empress Wei, empress consort of Emperor Zhongzong * 684–690: Empress Liu, empress consort of Emperor Ruizong * 705–710: Empress Wei (second time), empress consort of Emperor Zhongzong * 710–710: Empress Lu, empress consort of Emperor Shang * 712–724: Empress Wang, empress consort of Emperor Xuanzong * 758–762: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Emperor Suzong * 786–786: Empress Wang, empress consort of Emperor Dezong * 898–900: Empress He, empress consort of Emperor Zhaozong * 901–904: Empress He (second time), empress consort of Emperor Zhaozong ;Qin * Empress Ju ;Han (Dingyang) * Empress Ju ;Xia *

Empress Cao The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules ...

;Yan * Empress Duan * Empress Xin ;Qi *

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

Qi

* 907–924: Empress Liu, empress consort of

Li Maozhen Li Maozhen (; 856 – May 17, 924), born Song Wentong (), courtesy name Zhengchen (), formally Prince Zhongjing of Qin (), was the only ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Qi (901–924). He had become a powerful ...

Former Shu

* 908–918: Empress Zhou, empress consort of Wang Jian * 918–921: Empress Gao, first empress consort of

Wang Zongyan Wang Yan () (899–926), né Wang Zongyan (王宗衍), courtesy name Huayuan (化源), also known in historiography as Houzhu of Former Shu (前蜀後主; "last lord of Former Shu"), later posthumously created the Duke of Shunzheng (順正公) by ...

* 921–926:

Empress Jin Feishan Jin Feishan (; died 926) was an empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period Former Shu state. She was the second wife of Former Shu's last emperor Wang Yan (né Wang Zongyan). Background It is not known when Jin Feishan was ...

, second empress consort of Wang Yan

Yan

* 911–913: Empress Li and Empress Zhu, empress consorts of

Liu Shouguang Liu Shouguang () (died February 16, 914) was a warlord early in the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period who controlled Lulong (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing) and Yichang (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei) Cir ...

Later Liang

* 912–913: Empress Zhang, empress consort of

Zhu Yougui Zhu Yougui () (886 – March 27, 913), nickname Yaoxi (), often known by his princely title Prince of Ying (), was briefly an emperor of the Chinese Later Liang dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He became emperor a ...

Southern Han

* 919–935: Empress Ma, empress consort of Liu Yan

Later Tang

* 924–926: Empress Liu, empress consort of

Li Cunxu Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (), personal name Li Cunxu (), nickname Yazi (), stage name Li Tianxia (), was the second ruling prince of the Former Jin dynasty (r. 908–923) who later became the founding emperor of the Later Tang dynasty ...

* 930–933:

, empress consort of

Li Siyuan Li Siyuan (李嗣源, later changed to Li Dan (李亶)) (10 October 867 – 15 December 933), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang (後唐明宗), was the second emperor of the Later Tang dynasty of China, reign ...

* 934–934: Empress Kong, empress consort of

Li Conghou Li Conghou () (914–934), posthumous name Emperor Min of Later Tang (), childhood name Pusanu (菩薩奴, "slave of a Bodhisattva"), was an emperor of the Later Tang dynasty of China, ruling between 933 and 934. He was overthrown by his adopte ...

* 934–936: Empress Liu, empress consort of

Li Congke Li Congke ( zh, s=李从珂, t=李從珂, p=Lǐ Cóngkē) (11 February 885 – 11 January 937), also known in historiography as the Last Emperor of Later Tang (), Deposed Emperor of Later Tang (), Wang Congke () (particularly during the succee ...

Wu

* 933–937: Empress Wang, empress consort of

Yang Pu Yang Pu ( zh, 楊溥; 900 – January 21, 939), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Rui of Yang Wu (), was the last ruler of China's Yang Wu dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and the only one that claimed ...

Min

* 935–935: Empress Chen Jinfeng, empress consort of

Wang Yanjun Wang Yanjun () (died November 17, 935), known as Wang Lin (王鏻 or 王璘) from 933 to 935, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Huizong of Min (), used the name of Xuanxi () while briefly being a Taoist monk, was the third monarch of ...

* 936–939: Empress Li Chunyan, empress consort of

Wang Jipeng Wang Jipeng () (died August 29, 939), used the name Wang Chang () from 935 to 939, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Kangzong of Min (), was an emperor of Min during China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He inherited the ...

* 942–944: Empress Li, empress consort of

Wang Yanxi Wang Yanxi () (died April 8, 944), known as Wang Xi () during his reign, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Jingzong of Min (), was an emperor of Min during China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He became Min's ruler after a ...

Southern Tang

* 937–943: Empress Song, empress consort of

Li Bian Li Bian (7 January 889 – 30 March 943), courtesy name Zhenglun, known as Xu Gao between 937 and 939 and Xu Zhigao before 937, and possibly Li Pengnu during his childhood, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Liezu of Southern Tang, wa ...

* 943–961: Empress Zhong, empress consort of Li Jing * 961–965:

Queen Zhou the Elder Zhou Ehuang (周娥皇) ( 936 – 8 December 964), posthumously named QueenHer title ''guohou'' (國后; literally "kingdom's consort") is frequently translated in English-language literature as "empress". This translation does not differentiate ...

, first queen consort of Li Yu * 968–975: Queen Zhou the Younger, second queen consort of Li Yu

Later Jin

* 941–942: Empress Li, empress consort of

Shi Jingtang Shi Jingtang ( zh, 石敬瑭; 30 March 892 – 28 July 942''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 283.), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin (), was the founding emperor of the Later Jin dynasty of China during the Five Dynas ...

* 943–946: Empress Feng, empress consort of

Shi Chonggui Shi Chonggui () (914 – 10 July 974Shi Chonggui's epitaph indicate that he died of illness at the age of 61 (by East Asian reckoning) on the 18th day of the 6th month of the 6th year of the ''Bao'ning'' era of the reign of Emperor Jingzong of Li ...

Yin

* 943–?: Empress Zhang, empress consort of

Wang Yanzheng Wang Yanzheng () (died 951?), also known by his era name as the Tiande Emperor (), posthumous name Prince Gongyi of Fu (), was the founder and only emperor of Yin, who later became the last monarch of Min, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kin ...

Later Han

* 947–948: Empress Li, empress consort of

Liu Zhiyuan Liu Zhiyuan () (March 4, 895 – March 10, 948), later changed to Liu Gao (), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Gaozu of Later Han (), was the founding Emperor of China, emperor of the Shatuo-led Chinese Later Han (Five Dynasties), Lat ...

Later Zhou

* 954–956:

Empress Fu the Elder Empress Fu (surname), Fu (符皇后; given name unknown) ( 931 – 29 August 956), posthumously Empress Xuanyi (宣懿皇后) was an empress consort of the Chinese Later Zhou, Later Zhou dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. S ...

, first empress consort of

Chai Rong Chai Rong () (27 October 921 – 27 July 959), later known as Guo Rong (), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou, was the second emperor of the Later Zhou dynasty of China, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdo ...

* 959–959: Empress Dowager Fu (Later Zhou), second empress consort of Chai Rong

Northern Han

* ?–968: Empress Guo, empress consort of Liu Jun * 968–?: Empress Ma, empress consort of

Liu Jiyuan Liu Jiyuan () (died in 992), also known by his regnal name as the Emperor Yingwu of (Northern) Han ((北)漢英武帝), was the last emperor of the Shatuo-led Chinese Northern Han dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He w ...

Song dynasty

* 929-958: Empress He, first empress consort of Emperor Taizu * 960–963: Empress Wang, second empress consort of Emperor Taizu * 968–976: Empress Song, third empress consort of Emperor Taizu * 984–997: Empress Li, empress consort of Emperor Taizong * 997–1007: Empress Guo, first empress consort of

Emperor Zhenzong Emperor Zhenzong of Song (23 December 968 – 23 March 1022), personal name Zhao Heng, was the third emperor of the Song dynasty of China. He reigned from 997 to his death in 1022. His personal name was originally Zhao Dechang, but was change ...

* 1012–1022: Empress Liu, second empress consort of Emperor Zhenzong and Senior regent

Song dynasty The Song dynasty ( ) was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Fiv ...

* 1024–1033: Empress Guo, first empress consort of Emperor Renzong * 1034–1063:

, second empress consort of Emperor Renzong * 1065–1067: Empress Gao, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong * 1068–1085:

Empress Xiang Empress Xiang (欽聖皇后; 1047–1102) was a Chinese empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Shenzong of Song. She acted as co-regent of China during the reign of her adopted son, Emperor Huizong of Song, in 1100. Life Empress c ...

, empress consort of Emperor Shenzong * 1092–1096:

Empress Meng Empress Meng (Chinese: 昭慈圣献皇后; 1073 – 1131) was a daughter of Meng Yuen and the Chinese empress consort of the Song dynasty, married to Emperor Zhezong of Song. She served as a regent of China in 1127, and during the minority of Emp ...

, first empress consort of

Emperor Zhezong Emperor Zhezong of Song (4 January 1077 – 23 February 1100), personal name Zhao Xu, was the seventh emperor of the Song dynasty of China. His original personal name was Zhao Yong but he changed it to "Zhao Xu" after his coronation. He reig ...

* 1099–1100: Empress Liu, second empress consort of Emperor Zhezong * 1100–1108: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong * 1111–1126: Empress Zheng, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong * 1126–1127: Empress Zhu, empress consort of

Emperor Qinzong Emperor Qinzong of Song (23 May 1100 – 14 June 1161), personal name Zhao Huan, was the ninth emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the last emperor of the Northern Song dynasty. Emperor Qinzong was the eldest son and heir apparent of Empe ...

* 1127–1139:

Empress Xing Empress Xing (1106 – 1139), personal name Xing Shi, was a Chinese empress of the Song dynasty, married to Emperor Gaozong of Song. Xing was from Bianjing, and was selected to be the primary consort of Gaozong, then a Prince. Their marriage was ...

, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong * 1143–1162:

, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong * 1162–1167: Empress Xia, first empress consort of

Emperor Xiaozong Emperor Xiaozong of Song (27 November 1127 – 28 June 1194), personal name Zhao Shen, courtesy name Yuanyong, was the 11th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the second emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He started his reign in 11 ...

* 1167–1189: Empress Xie, second empress consort of Emperor Xiaozong * 1189–1194: Empress Li Fengniang, empress consort of

Emperor Guangzong Emperor Guangzong of Song (30 September 1147 – 17 September 1200), personal name Zhao Dun, was the 12th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the third emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He was the third son of his predecessor, Emper ...

* 1194–1200:

Empress Han Empress Han (1165 – 14 December 1200) was the empress consort of Emperor Ningzong during the Song dynasty. Biography Han was born in modern-day Henan Henan; alternatively Honan is a province in Central China. Henan is home to many her ...

, first empress consort of

Emperor Ningzong Emperor Ningzong of Song (19 November 1168 – 17 September 1224), personal name Zhao Kuo, was the 13th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the fourth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He reigned from 1194 until his death in 1224. He ...

* 1200–1224: Empress Yang, second empress consort of Emperor Ningzong * 1227–1264: Empress

Xie Daoqing Xie Daoqing (謝道清; 1210 – 1283) was a Chinese empress consort of the Song dynasty, married to Emperor Lizong of Song. She was the regent of Southern Song China for Emperor Duzong in 1264, and for Emperor Gong of Song in 1274–1276. Life ...

, empress consort of

Emperor Lizong Emperor Lizong of Song (26 January 1205 – 16 November 1264), personal name Zhao Yun, was the 14th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the fifth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He reigned from 1224 to 1264. His original name was ...

* 1267–1274: Empress Quan, empress consort of

Emperor Duzong Emperor Duzong of Song (2 May 1240 – 12 August 1274), personal name Zhao Qi, was the 15th Emperor of China, emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the sixth emperor of the Song dynasty#Southern Song, 1127–1279, Southern Song dynasty. He ...

Yuan dynasty

* 1260–1281:

Chabi Chabi (, ; , 1216–1281) was a Khongirad empress consort of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China, married to Kublai Khan (Emperor Shizu). Life Chabi was born around 1216 to Anchen (按陳), Prince of Jining Zhongwu (濟寧忠武王) of Khong ...

, first empress consort of Emperor Shizu * 1283–1294:

Nambui Nambui (,; , fl. 1294) was a Khongirad empress consort of the Yuan dynasty. She was married to Kublai Khan after the death of his first wife Chabi. Biography Her birthdate is unknown. She was a daughter of Nachen Küregen from Khongirad, broth ...

, second empress consort of Emperor Shizu * 1295–1307:

Bulugan Bulugan or Bulukhan (,; ) was a Mongols, Mongol princess, the consort of Yuan dynasty, Yuan emperor Temür Khan (r. 1294–1307). Bulugan acted as regent for her ill husband and virtually ruled the empire. Biography She belonged to the Bayads, ...

, empress consort of Emperor Chengzong * 1310–1311:

Zhenge Zhenge (, , died 1327) was an empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to Külüg Khan (Emperor Wuzong). She was daughter of Bengbula and granddaughter of Tuolian, both notable commanders from Khongirad tribe. Her aunt Tegülün Khatun was m ...

, empress consort of Emperor Wuzong * 1313–1320:

Radnashiri Radnashiri or Aradnashiri (; Mongolian: Раднашири хатан), (also Anashisari) (died 1322) was an empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan (Emperor Renzong). Life She was from the Khongirad tribe. It i ...

, empress consort of Emperor Renzong * 1321–1323:

Sugabala Sugabala or Sügebala (, , died 1327) was an empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to Gegeen Khan (Emperor Yingzong). Life She was born to Ashi Küregen from Ikires clan of Khongirad tribe and Princess Ilig Qaya, daughter of Temür Khan ...

, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong * 1324–1328: Babukhan Khatun, empress consort of Emperor Taiding * 1328–1329:

Budashiri Budashiri or Buddhashiri (Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠳᠢᠰᠢᠷᠢ, , Sinicized as ''Putashali'', ) (c. 1307 – c. 1340) was Empress of China and Khatun of Mongols as the wife of Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür. She acted as an interim regent and was the p ...

, empress consort of Emperor Wenzong * 1329–1329:

Babusha Babusha (, died 1330) was a Naiman empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to the Khutughtu Khan (Emperor Mingzong). She was born to Princess Shouning, who was the niece of Chengzong. She married Khutughtu Khan before he became emperor. Sh ...

, empress consort of Emperor Mingzong * 1329–1332: Budashiri (second time), empress consort of Emperor Wenzong * 1332–1332:

Daliyetemishi Daliyetemishi (; r. 1332 CE, died 1368 CE) was an empress consort of the Yuan dynasty of China, married to Rinchinbal Khan Rinchinbal ( Mongolian: Ринчинбал , ; ), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Ningzong of Yuan (; May 1 ...

, empress consort of

* 1333–1335:

Danashri Danashiri (died 1335) was an empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to Toghon Temür. She was the daughter of El Temür, the prime minister during the initial years of her husband's reign. She had one son, Maha, but he died of measles in h ...

, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong * 1337–1365:

Bayan Khutugh Bayan Khutugh (1324–1365), also Bayan Qudu (; Pai-yen Hu-tu; Mongolian script: ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭ), was an empress consort of the Yuan dynasty as the second wife of Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong). Her father was Bolod Temür. Accor ...

, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong * 1340–1370:

Empress Gi Empress Gi or Empress Ki (; 1315–1369(?)), also known as Empress Qi () or Öljei Khutuk ( Mongolian: Өлзийхутаг; ), was a Goryeo-born empress consort of the Yuan dynasty. She was one of the primary empresses of Toghon Temür (Emper ...

, third empress consort of Emperor Huizong

Ming dynasty

* 1368–1382: Empress Ma, empress consort of the

Hongwu Emperor The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328– 24 June 1398), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Ming, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, courtesy name Guorui, was the List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, founding emperor of the Ming dyna ...

* 1399–1402: Empress Ma, empress consort of the

Jianwen Emperor The Jianwen Emperor (5 December 1377 – probably 13 July 1402), personal name Zhu Yunwen, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Huizong of Ming and by his posthumous name as the Emperor Hui of Ming, was the second emperor of the Ming d ...

* 1402–1407: Empress Xu, empress consort of the

Yongle Emperor The Yongle Emperor (2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Chengzu of Ming, personal name Zhu Di, was the third List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 142 ...

* 1424–1425: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the

Hongxi Emperor The Hongxi Emperor (16 August 1378 – 29 May 1425), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Renzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Gaochi, was the fourth emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1424 to 1425. He was the eldest son of the Y ...

* 1425–1428:

Empress Hu Shanxiang Empress Hu (; 20 May 1402 – 5 December 1443), personal name Hu Shanxiang, was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the Xuande Emperor. She was posthumously honoured with the title Empress Gongrangzhang. Early life Empress ...

, first empress consort of the

Xuande Emperor The Xuande Emperor (16 March 1399 31 January 1435), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Xuanzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Zhanji, was the fifth emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1425 to 1435. He was the son and successor of ...

* 1428–1435:

Empress Sun Empress Xiaogongzhang (孝恭章皇后; 1399 – 26 September 1462), of the Sun clan, was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the fifth Ming emperor, the Xuande Emperor. She was mother of Zhu Qizhen, Emperor Yingzong. E ...

, second empress consort of the Xuande Emperor * 1442–1449:

Empress Qian Empress Qian (; 1426 – 15 July 1468) was a Chinese empress consort during the Ming dynasty, married to the Zhengtong Emperor. She was addressed posthumously as Empress Xiaozhuangrui () Early life There is no record of Empress Qian's birth name ...

, empress consort of the

Zhengtong Emperor , succession = Emperor of the Ming dynasty , reign-type = First reign , reign = 31 January 1435 – 22 September 1449 , coronation = 7 February 1435 , cor-type = Enthronement , regent = , reg-type = Regents , ...

* 1449–1452: Empress Wang, first empress consort of the

Jingtai Emperor The Jingtai Emperor (21 September 1428 – 14 March 1457), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Daizong of Ming and by his posthumous name as the Emperor Jing of Ming, personal name Zhu Qiyu, was the seventh List of emperors of the Ming ...

* 1452–1456:

Empress Hang Empress Hang (肅孝皇后; d. 1456) was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the Jingtai Emperor. Hang was originally a concubine of Jingtai. When the elder brother of Jingtai was taken prisoner by the Mongols in 1449, Han ...

, second empress consort of the Jingtai Emperor * 1457–1464: Empress Qian (second time), empress consort of the Tianshun Emperor (former Zhengtong Emperor) * 1464–1464:

, first empress consort of the

Chenghua Emperor The Chenghua Emperor (9 December 1447 – 9 September 1487), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Xianzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Jianshen, changed to Zhu Jianru in 1457, was the ninth emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1464 ...

* 1464–1487: Empress Wang, second empress consort of the Chenghua Emperor * 1487–1505: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the

Hongzhi Emperor The Hongzhi Emperor (30 July 1470 – 9 June 1505), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Xiaozong of Ming, personal name Zhu Youcheng, was the tenth emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1487 to 1505. He succeeded his father, the Ch ...

* 1506–1521: Empress Xia, empress consort of the

Zhengde Emperor The Zhengde Emperor (26 October 149120 April 1521), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Wuzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Houzhao, was the 11th List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1505 to 1 ...

* 1522–1528: Empress Chen, first empress consort of the

Jiajing Emperor The Jiajing Emperor (16September 150723January 1567), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizong of Ming, personal name Zhu Houcong, art name, art names Yaozhai, Leixuan, and Tianchi Diaosou, was the 12th List of emperors of the Ming ...

* 1528–1534: Empress Zhang, second empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor * 1534–1547:

Empress Fang Empress Xiaolie (1516–1547), of the Fang clan, was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, third empress to the Jiajing Emperor. Early life Fang originated from the area of Nanjing. She was selected for palace service in 1531, and cho ...

, third empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor * 1566–1572: Empress Chen, empress consort of the

Longqing Emperor The Longqing Emperor (4March 15375July 1572), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Muzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Zaiji, art name Shunzhai, was the 13th emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1567 to 1572. He was initially known ...

* 1578–1620: Empress

Wang Xijie Empress Xiaoduanxian (; 7 November 1564 – 7 May 1620), personal name Wang Xijie (), was empress consort of the Wanli Emperor. She was the longest serving empress consort in Chinese history. Early life Wang was born in Beijing to Wang Wei (� ...

, empress consort of the

Wanli Emperor The Wanli Emperor (4 September 1563 – 18 August 1620), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shenzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Yijun, art name Yuzhai, was the 14th List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty, reig ...

* 1621–1627: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the

Tianqi Emperor The Tianqi Emperor (23 December 1605 – 30 September 1627), personal name Zhu Youjiao, was the 16th emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1620 to 1627. He was the eldest son of the Taichang Emperor and an elder brother of the Chongzhen ...

* 1628–1644: Empress Zhou, empress consort of the

Chongzhen Emperor The Chongzhen Emperor (6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian, courtesy name Deyue,Wang Yuan (王源)，''Ju ye tang wen ji'' (《居業堂文集》), vol. 19. "聞之張景蔚親見烈皇帝神主題御諱字德約，行� ...

Southern Ming

* 1645–1646: Empress Zeng, empress consort of the

Longwu Emperor Zhu Yujian (1602 – 6 October 1646), nickname Changshou, originally the Prince of Tang, later reigned as the Longwu Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty from 18 August 1645, when he was enthroned in Fuzhou, to 6 October 1646, when he was cap ...

* 1646–1662: Empress Wang, empress consort of the

Yongli Emperor The Yongli Emperor (1623–1662; reigned 24 December 1646 – 1 June 1662), personal name Zhu Youlang, was the fourth and last emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty, reigning in turbulent times when the former Ming dynasty was overthrown and the ...

Qing dynasty

Manchukuo

Empresses dowager

The title of Empress dowager (, ''húangtàihòu'') was automatically given to a former Empress consort and widow of an Emperor. The title, Empress dowager, could be granted a widow of an Emperor even when she had not been the Empress consort during the reign of her spouse. Therefore, a separate list is given of the Empresses dowager, which, in some cases, equals the list of Empresses consort, and in other cases, not.

Han dynasty

Empress Dowager Lü The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules ...

Empress Dowager Bo Empress Dowager Bo (薄太后), personal name lost to history, was an imperial concubine of Emperor Gaozu of Han (Liu Bang). She was also known as Consort Bo (薄姬) during the life of the Emperor, and more formally as either Empress Dowager Xiao ...

* Empress Dowager Dou * Empress Dowager Wang * Empress Dowager Shangguan * Empress Dowager Wang * Empress Dowager Wang * Empress Dowager Zhao * Grand Empress Dowager Fu *

Empress Dowager Ding Empress Dowager Ding may refer to: *Empress Dowager Ding (Han dynasty) (died 5 BC), empress dowager of the Han dynasty, Emperor Ai of Han's mother *Empress Xianyou (died 402), empress dowager of the Later Yan dynasty, mother of Murong Sheng (Empero ...

* Empress Dowager Wang * Empress Dowager Yin * Empress Dowager Ma * Empress Dowager Dou * Empress Dowager Deng * Empress Dowager Yan * Empress Dowager Liang * Empress Dowager Dou * Empress Dowager He

Northern Dynasties

Northern Wei

Princess Dowager Helan Princess Dowager Helan (賀蘭太后, personal name unknown) (351–396), formally Empress Xianming (獻明皇后, literally "the wise and understanding empress), was, according to official history of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty, ...

* Empress Dowager Helian *

Nurse empress dowager Nurse empress dowager ( zh, c=保太后, p=Bǎo Tàihòu ) was an honorific title given to emperors' wet nurses of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty. The existence of the title owed itself to a peculiar institution of Northern Wei—th ...

Empress Dowager Feng Empress (Dowager) Feng (馮皇(太)后) (442 – 17 October 490), formally Empress (Dowager) Wenming (文明皇后, literally "the civil and understanding empress") was an empress of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China. Her husband was E ...

( Empress Dowager Wenming) * Empress Dowager Gao * Empress Dowager Hu

Tang dynasty

* 683–690: Empress Dowager Wu * 710: Empress Dowager Wei * 805–816: Empress Dowager Wang * 820–848: Empress Dowager Guo * 824–845: Empress Dowager Wang * 826–847: Empress Dowager Xiao * 846–865:

Empress Dowager Zheng Empress Dowager Zheng (鄭太后, personal name unknown) (died December 26, 865), formally Empress Xiaoming (孝明皇后, "the filial and understanding empress"), was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Tang dynasty. She was a concubine to ...

* 904–906: Empress Dowager He

Song dynasty

Empress Dowager Du Empress Dowager Du (杜太后, given name unknown, 902 – 17 July 961) was an empress dowager of imperial China's Song dynasty. She was the wife of general Zhao Hongyin and the mother of Emperor Taizu of Song, who founded the Song dynasty. ...

* Empress Dowager Li * Empress Dowager Liu * Empress Dowager Yang * Empress Dowager Cao * Empress Dowager Gao *

Empress Dowager Xiang The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules ...

* Empress Dowager Meng * Empress Dowager Liu * Empress Dowager Wei * Empress Dowager Wu * Empress Dowager Xie * Empress Dowager Li * Empress Dowager Yang * Empress Dowager Xie * Empress Dowager Quan * Empress Dowager Yang

Yuan dynasty

* Empress Dowager Khongirad * Empress Dowager Naimans * Empress Dowager Oirats * Empress Dowager Khongirad * Empress Dowager Khongirad * Empress Dowager Khongirad * Empress Dowager Khongirad * Empress Dowager Khongirad

Ming dynasty

* Empress Dowager Zhang * Empress Dowager Hu *

Empress Dowager Sun Empress Xiaogongzhang (孝恭章皇后; 1399 – 26 September 1462), of the Sun clan, was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the fifth Ming emperor, the Xuande Emperor. She was mother of Zhu Qizhen, Emperor Yingzong. E ...

* Empress Dowager Wu * Empress Dowager Qian * Empress Dowager Zhou * Empress Dowager Wang * Empress Dowager Zhang * Empress Dowager Shao * Empress Dowager Jiang * Empress Dowager Chen * Empress Dowager Li *Empress Dowager Zou *Empress Dowager Ma *Empress Dowager Wang

Qing dynasty

* 1643–1649:

Empress Xiaoduanwen Jerjer (; translated as "lady"/"beauty"; 31 May 1599 – 28 May 1649), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the consort of Hong Taiji. She was seven years his junior. Jerjer was empress consort of Qing from 1636 until her husband's death ...

* 1643–1688: Empress Dowager Zhaosheng * 1661–1663:

Empress Dowager Cihe Empress Xiaokangzhang (1638 – 20 March 1663), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Tunggiya clan, was the concubine of the Shunzhi Emperor and mother of the Kangxi Emperor during the Qing dynasty. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Cihe dur ...

* 1661–1718:

Empress Dowager Renxian Empress Xiaohuizhang (5 November 1641 – 7 January 1718), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the wife and second empress consort of Fulin, the Shunzhi Emperor. She was empress consort of Qing from 1654 until her husband's death in 1661 ...

* 1722–1723: Empress Dowager Renshou * 1735–1777: Empress Dowager Chongqing * 1820–1850: Empress Dowager Gongci * 1855: Empress Dowager Kangci * 1861–1881:

Empress Dowager Ci'an Empress Xiaozhenxian (12 August 1837 – 8 April 1881), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and empress consort of Yizhu, the Xianfeng Emperor. She was empress consort of Qing from ...

* 1861–1908:

Empress Dowager Cixi Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908) was a Manchu noblewoman of the Yehe Nara clan who effectively but periodically controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty as empress dowager and regent for almost 50 ...

* 1908–1913:

Empress Dowager Longyu Yehe Nara Jingfen (; 28 January 1868 – 22 February 1913), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Yehe Nara clan, was the wife and empress consort of Zaitian, the Guangxu Emperor. She was empress consort of Qing from 1889 until her husband's death ...

Grand empresses dowager

Empresses whose titles were granted posthumously

Sui dynasty

* 581: Empress Lü Gutao, mother of

Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Wen of Sui (; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), personal name Yang Jian (), Xianbei name Puliuru Jian (), was the founding Emperor of China, emperor of the Chinese Sui dynasty. As a Buddhist, he encouraged the spread of Buddhism through ...

Tang dynasty

* 618: Empress Dugu ( Empress Yuanzhen, mother of

Emperor Gaozu of Tang Emperor Gaozu of Tang (7 April 566 – 25 June 635), born Li Yuan, courtesy name Shude, was the founding Emperor of China, emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 618 to 626 CE. Under the Sui dynasty, Li Yuan was the governor in t ...

) * 618: Duchess Dou (

Empress Taimu Empress Taimu (; 559?–603?) was posthumously honored the first empress of the Chinese Tang dynasty. She was known as Duchess Dou or Lady Dou (竇氏) throughout her lifetime, and was the wife of Emperor Gaozu and mother of Emperor Taizong. B ...

), wife of Li Yuan,

before Li Yuan's ascension

Song dynasty

* 961:

, mother of Emperor Taizu and Emperor Taizong * 960: Empress He, married to Emperor Taizu * 976: Empress Yin, married to Emperor Taizong * 976: Empress Fu, married to Emperor Taizong * 997: Empress Li, mother of

* 997:

Princess Pan Princess Pan (潘王妃; 968–989) was the first wife of the future Emperor Zhenzong of Song in imperial China's Song dynasty. They married in 984 when he was still the Prince of Han (韓王), and she was given the title "Lady of Ju" (莒国夫� ...

, married to Emperor Zhenzong * 1033: Consort Li, mother of Emperor Renzong * 1036: Empress Yang, married to

* 1054: Empress Zhang, married to Emperor Renzong * 1101: Empress Chen, mother of Emperor Huizong * 1102: Empress Zhu, mother of

* 1113: Empress Mingda, married to Emperor Huizong * 1121: Empress Mingzhe, married to Emperor Huizong * 1159: Empress Xianren, mother of Emperor Gaozong * 1162: Empress Chengmu, married to

Yuan dynasty

* 1336: Mailaiti, mother of Emperor Huizong

Ming dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty

* 1504: Empress Xiaosu, mother of the

* 1566: Empress Xiaoke, mother of the

* 1566: Empress Xiaoyizhuan, married to the

* 1614: Empress Xiaoding, mother of the

* 1620: Empress Xiaojing, mother of the

Taichang Emperor The Taichang Emperor (28 August 1582 – 26 September 1620), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Guangzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Changluo, was the 15th List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty. He was the ...

* 1644: Empress Xiaozhejian * 1644: Empress Xiaoyi * 1644: Empress Xiaoxu

Qing dynasty

* 1626: Empress Xiaoliewu, married to

Nurhaci Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing, was the founding khan of the Jurchen people, Jurchen-led Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty. As the leader of the House of Aisin-Gi ...

* 1636: Empress Xiaocigao, mother of

Hong Taiji Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin ...

* 1660:

Consort Donggo Consort Donggo (1639 – 23 September 1660), of the Manchu Plain White Banner Donggo clan, was a consort of the Shunzhi Emperor. She was one year his junior. Life Family background Lady Donggo's personal name was not recorded in history. He ...

, married to the

Shunzhi Emperor The Shunzhi Emperor (15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661), also known by his temple name Emperor Shizu of Qing, personal name Fulin, was the second Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China pro ...

* 1663:

Empress Xiaokangzhang Empress Xiaokangzhang (1638 – 20 March 1663), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Tunggiya clan, was the concubine of the Shunzhi Emperor and mother of the Kangxi Emperor during the Qing dynasty. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Cihe dur ...

, mother of the

Kangxi Emperor The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 165420 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, personal name Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign of 61 ...

* 1723:

Empress Xiaogongren Empress Xiaogongren (28 April 1660 – 25 June 1723), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Uya clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor and mother of Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor. She was honoured as Em ...

, mother of the

Yongzheng Emperor The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), also known by his temple name Emperor Shizong of Qing, personal name Yinzhen, was the fourth List of emperors of the Qing dynasty, emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the third Qing em ...

* 1777:

Empress Xiaoshengxian Empress Xiaoshengxian (12 January 1692 – 2 March 1777), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor and mother of Hongli, the Qianlong Emperor. She was ...

, mother of the

Qianlong Emperor The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, personal name Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China pr ...

* 1796:

Empress Xiaoyichun Empress Xiaoyichun (23 October 1727 – 28 February 1775) of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Weigiya clan was an imperial consort of the Qing dynasty. She was the favored concubine of the Qianlong Emperor, with whom she conceived seven ch ...

, mother of the

Jiaqing Emperor The Jiaqing Emperor (13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing, personal name Yongyan, was the sixth emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He was ...

* 1820:

Empress Xiaomucheng Empress Xiaomucheng (1781 – 17 February 1808), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a consort of the Daoguang Emperor. Life Family background Empress Xiaomucheng's personal name was not recorded in history. * Father: Buyan ...

, married to the

Daoguang Emperor The Daoguang Emperor (16 September 1782 – 26 February 1850), also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanzong of Qing, personal name Mianning, was the seventh List of emperors of the Qing dynasty, emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the sixth Qing e ...

* 1850:

Empress Xiaodexian Empress Xiaodexian (12 April 1831 – 24 January 1850), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Sakda clan, was a consort of the Xianfeng Emperor. Life Family background Empress Xiaodexian's personal name was not recorded in history. Her family ...

, married to the

Xianfeng Emperor The Xianfeng Emperor (17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861), also known by his temple name Emperor Wenzong of Qing, personal name Yizhu, was the eighth emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China proper. During his re ...

* 1855:

Empress Xiaojingcheng Empress Xiaojingcheng (19 June 1812 – 21 August 1855), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Borjigit clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to a consort of Mianning, the Daoguang Emperor. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Kangci during the re ...

, married to the Daoguang Emperor * 1908: Xingzhen, Empress Xiaoqinxian, married to

, mother of

Tongzhi Emperor The Tongzhi Emperor (27 April 1856 – 12 January 1875), also known by his temple name Emperor Muzong of Qing, personal name Zaichun, was the ninth emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the eighth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign, w ...

References

Bibliography

* * {{Portal bar, China, History, Monarchy * Political history of China Empresses and queens

Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...

Empresses and queens consort

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See also