This is a list of conflicts in Africa arranged by country, both on the continent and associated islands, including wars between African nations, civil wars, and wars involving non-African nations that took place within Africa. It encompasses pre-colonial wars, colonial wars, wars of independence, secessionist and separatist conflicts, major episodes of national violence (riots, massacres, etc.), and global conflicts in which Africa was a theatre of war.

African Great Lakes The African Great Lakes (; ) are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift. The series includes Lake Victoria, the second-largest freshwater lake in the world by area; Lake Tangan ...

Burundi Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is located in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa, with a population of over 14 million peop ...

*October 18 – 19, 1965

1965 Burundian coup attempt An attempted coup d'etat in Burundi took place between 18–19 October 1965, when a group of ethnic Hutu officers from the Burundian military and gendarmerie attempted to overthrow Burundi's government. The rebels were frustrated with the ki ...

*July 8, 1966

July 1966 Burundian coup d'état On 8 July 1966, a coup d'état took place in the Kingdom of Burundi. The second in Burundi's post-independence history, the coup ousted the government loyal to the List of kings of Burundi, king (''mwami'') of Burundi, Mwambutsa IV of Burundi, M ...

*November 28, 1966

November 1966 Burundian coup d'état November is the eleventh and penultimate month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 30 days. November was the ninth month of the calendar of Romulus . November retained its name (from the Latin ''novem'' meaning " ...

*1972 Burundi genocide *November 1, 1976

1976 Burundian coup d'état The 1976 Burundian coup d'état was a bloodless military coup that took place in Burundi on 1 November 1976. An Army faction, led by Deputy Chief of Staff Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, ousted President Michel Micombero. Bagaza formed the 30-member Supr ...

*September 3, 1987

1987 Burundian coup d'état A bloodless military coup took place in Burundi on 3 September 1987. Tutsi president Jean-Baptiste Bagaza was deposed whilst traveling abroad and succeeded by Tutsi Major Pierre Buyoya. Background Jean-Baptiste Bagaza was appointed preside ...

*1993 – 2005

Burundi Civil War The Burundian Civil War was a civil war in Burundi lasting from 1993 to 2005. The civil war was the result of longstanding ethnic divisions between the Hutu and the Tutsi ethnic groups. The conflict began following the first multi-party electio ...

**October 21 – November 1993

1993 Burundian coup attempt On 21 October 1993, a coup was attempted in Burundi by a Tutsi–dominated army faction. The coup attempt resulted in assassination of Hutu President Melchior Ndadaye and the deaths of other officials in the constitutional line of presidential ...

**July 25, 1996

1996 Burundian coup d'état The 1996 Burundian coup d'état was a military coup d'état that took place in Burundi on 25 July 1996. In the midst of the Burundi Civil War, former president Pierre Buyoya (a Tutsi) deposed Hutu President Sylvestre Ntibantunganya. Accordin ...

**December 28, 2000

Titanic Express Massacre The Titanic Express massacre took place on 28 December 2000, when 21 people were killed in an attack on a ''Titanic Express'' bus close to Bujumbura (then the capital of Burundi). The passengers, who had traveled from Kigali in Rwanda Rw ...

**April 18, 2001 2001 Burundian coup attempt **September 9, 2002 Itaba Massacre **August 13, 2004 Gatumba Massacre *2015–2018 Burundian unrest **May 13 – 15, 2015

2015 Burundian coup attempt On 13 May 2015, army general Godefroid Niyombare said that he was "dismissing President Pierre Nkurunziza" following the 2015 Burundian unrest. However, the presidency tweeted that the "situation is under control" and there is "no coup". Presi ...

Rwanda Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by ...

*1896 Rucunshu Coup *November 1, 1959 – July 1, 1961

Rwandan Revolution The Rwandan Revolution, also known as the Hutu Revolution, Social Revolution, or Wind of Destruction (), was a period of ethnic violence in Rwanda from 1959 to 1961 between the Hutu and the Tutsi, two of the three ethnic groups in Rwanda. The ...

*January 28, 1961

Coup of Gitarama In the Rwandan Revolution, the coup of Gitarama () was an event which occurred on 28 January 1961 in which the monarchy in Kingdom of Rwanda, Rwanda, then a part of the Belgian mandate of Ruanda-Urundi, was abolished and replaced with a republica ...

*1963

Bugesera invasion The Bugesera invasion ( French: ''Invasion de Bugesera''), also known as the Bloody Christmas (French: ''Noël Rouge''), was a military attack which was conducted against Rwanda by Inyenzi rebels who aimed to overthrow the government in Decembe ...

*July 5, 1973

1973 Rwandan coup d'état The 1973 Rwandan coup d'état, also known as the Coup d'état of 5 July (), was a military coup staged by Juvénal Habyarimana against incumbent president Grégoire Kayibanda in the Republic of Rwanda. The coup took place on 5 July 1973 and w ...

*1990 – 1994

Rwandan Civil War The Rwandan Civil War was a large-scale civil war in Rwanda which was fought between the Rwandan Armed Forces, representing the country's government, and the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) from 1October 1990 to 18 July 1994. The war arose ...

**April 7, 1994 – July 15, 1994

Rwandan genocide The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Gre ...

Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...

*August 3, 1914 – November 1918 East African Campaign (World War I) *June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941

East African Campaign (World War II) The East African campaign (also known as the Abyssinian campaign) was fought in East Africa during the Second World War by Allies of World War II, mainly from the British Empire, against Kingdom of Italy, Italy and its colony of Italian East Afr ...

*1952 – 1960

Mau Mau Uprising The Mau Mau rebellion (1952–1960), also known as the Mau Mau uprising, Mau Mau revolt, or Kenya Emergency, was a war in the British Kenya Colony (1920–1963) between the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA), also known as the Mau Mau, and the ...

*1963 – ''present''

Somali–Kenyan conflict The Somali–Kenyan conflict has been an issue within Kenya since the colonial period. Problems have ranged from skirmishes between the two communities and have led to terrorist attacks, police harassment, extortion, home invasions, physical v ...

*1963 – 1967

Shifta War The Shifta War or Gaf Daba (1963–1967) was a secessionist conflict in which ethnic Somalis, Muslim Borana, Sakuye, Gabbra and Rendille in the then Northern Frontier District (NFD) of Kenya attempted to join Somalia. The Kenyan government n ...

*October 25, 1969 Kisumu massacre *1980 Garissa Massacre *August 1, 1982 1982 Kenyan coup attempt *February 10, 1984

Wagalla massacre The Wagalla massacre was a massacre of ethnic Somalis by the Kenyan Army on 10 February 1984 in Wajir County, Kenya. The massacre started as an effort to neutralize the ethnic Degodia clan following clan-related conflict in the region popul ...

*1987 – 1990 Kenyan-Ugandan border conflict *1998 – ''present''

Terrorism in Kenya Many terrorist attacks have occurred in Kenya during the 20th and 21st centuries. In 1980, the Jews in Kenya, Jewish-owned Norfolk hotel was attacked by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). In 1998, the 1998 United States embassy bombi ...

**September 21 – 24, 2013

Westgate shopping mall attack On 21 September 2013, four masked gunmen attacked the Westgate shopping mall, an upmarket mall in Nairobi, Kenya. There are conflicting reports about the number killed in the attack, since part of the mall collapsed due to a fire that star ...

*2005 Turbi Village Massacre *2005 – 2008

Mount Elgon insurgency The Mount Elgon insurgency was a conflict that started in 2005 when the Sabaot Land Defence Force militia revolted in the Mount Elgon area, Western Kenya. Background In the 1920s and the 1930s, British Kenya had displaced many native Sabaots in t ...

*August 22, 2012 2012–2013 Tana River District clashes *November 2012 Baragoi clashes

South Sudan South Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya; and on the ...

*1955 – 1972

First Sudanese Civil War The First Sudanese Civil War (also known as the Anyanya Rebellion or Anyanya I, after the name of the rebels, a term in the Madi language which means 'snake venom') was fought from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the sout ...

**August 18–30, 1955

Torit mutiny The Torit mutiny was an insurrection that took place in August 1955 in and around Torit, Equatoria, but quickly spread to other southern cities such as Juba, Yei, and Maridi. The rebellion began when a group of officers from No. 2 Company, ...

*1983 – 2005

Second Sudanese Civil War The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement, Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil Wa ...

**9 March – April 1997

Operation Thunderbolt (1997) Operation Thunderbolt (9 March – late April 1997) was the codename for a military offensive by the South Sudanese Sudan People's Liberation Army, SPLA rebel group and its allies during the Second Sudanese Civil War. The operation aimed at conque ...

**June 2000 – August 2001 War of the Peters *1987 – ''present''

Lord's Resistance Army insurgency The Lord's Resistance Army insurgency is an ongoing conflict between the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a Ugandan militant religious extremist group, against the government of Uganda. Following the War in Uganda (1986–1994), Ugandan Civil War, ...

*2005 – 2006

Disarmament of the Lou Nuer The disarmament of the Lou Nuer was a forcible disarmament campaign undertaken by the SPLA in Southern Sudan in December 2005. While other groups had been peacefully disarmed, the Lou section of the Nuer in Northern Jonglei State refused to c ...

*2006

Battle of Malakal The Battle of Malakal occurred at the end of November 2006 in the southern Sudanese town of Malakal. The clashes between Sudanese government forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army were the most serious breach of a 2005 deal to end the Seco ...

*2008 – ''ongoing''

Sudanese nomadic conflicts Sudanese nomadic conflicts are non-state conflicts between rival nomadic tribes taking place in the territory of Sudan and, since 2011, South Sudan. Conflict between nomadic tribes in Sudan is common, with fights breaking out over scarce resou ...

*2010 – 2011

George Athor's rebellion George Athor's rebellion was an uprising in the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011), Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (later the independent South Sudan) which lasted from April 2010 to December 2011. Organized by South Sudanese military ...

*2008 – ''present''

**2011 – ''ongoing''

Ethnic violence in South Sudan (2011–present) Ethnic violence in South Sudan has a long history among South Sudan's various ethnic groups. South Sudan has 64 tribes with the largest being the Dinka, who constitute about 35% of the population Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile The Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile was an armed conflict and insurgency in the Sudanese states of South Kordofan and Blue Nile (state), Blue Nile (known as the Two Areas) between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan Pe ...

*2012

Heglig Crisis The Heglig Crisis was a brief war fought between the countries of Sudan and South Sudan in 2012 over oil-rich regions between South Sudan's Unity and Sudan's South Kordofan states. South Sudan invaded and briefly occupied the small border town ...

*2013 – 2020

South Sudanese Civil War The South Sudanese Civil War was a multi-sided civil war in South Sudan fought from 2013 to 2020, between forces of the government and opposition forces. The civil war caused rampant human rights abuses, including forced displacement, ethnic mas ...

*2022– ''present''

Abyei border conflict (2022–present) Between February 2022 and April 2023, clashes broke out in the Abyei area of South Sudan between Twic Dinka militias against Ngok Dinka militias, regarding control of the border between Abyei and South Sudan's Twic County. The conflict ended te ...

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

*July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

*1964

Zanzibar Revolution The Zanzibar Revolution (; ) began on 12 January 1964 and led to the overthrow of the Sultan of Zanzibar Jamshid bin Abdullah and his mainly Arab government by the island's majority Black African population. Zanzibar was an ethnically di ...

*1972

1972 invasion of Uganda The 1972 invasion of Uganda was an armed attempt by Ugandan insurgents, supported by Tanzania, to overthrow the regime of Idi Amin. Under the orders of former Ugandan President Milton Obote, insurgents launched an invasion of southern Uganda with ...

*1978 – 1979

Uganda–Tanzania War The Uganda–Tanzania War, known in Tanzania as the Kagera War (Kiswahili: ''Vita vya Kagera'') and in Uganda as the 1979 Liberation War, was fought between Uganda and Tanzania from October 1978 until June 1979 and led to the overthrow of Ugand ...

Uganda Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the ...

*1966

Mengo Crisis The Buganda Crisis, also called the 1966 Mengo Crisis, the Kabaka Crisis, or the 1966 Crisis, domestically, was a period of political turmoil that occurred in Buganda. It was driven by conflict between Prime Minister Milton Obote and the Kabak ...

*January 25, 1971

1971 Ugandan coup d'état The 1971 Ugandan coup d'état was a military coup d'état that overthrew the then president of Uganda Milton Obote. The coup occurred on January 25, 1971, while Obote was attending the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Singapore, and wa ...

*1972

*1974 Arube uprising *1976

Operation Entebbe The Entebbe raid, also known as the Operation Entebbe and officially codenamed Operation Thunderbolt (also retroactively codenamed Operation Yonatan), was a 1976 Israeli counter-terrorist mission in Uganda. It was launched in response to th ...

*1977 Operation Mafuta Mingi *1977 1977 invasion of Uganda *1978 – 1979 Uganda-Tanzania War **April 11, 1979

Fall of Kampala The Fall of Kampala, also known as the Liberation of Kampala (Kiswahili: ''Kukombolewa kwa Kampala''), was a battle during the Uganda–Tanzania War in 1979, in which the combined forces of Tanzania and the Uganda National Liberation Front (U ...

*1980 – 1986

Ugandan Bush War The Ugandan Bush War was a civil war fought in Uganda by the official Ugandan government and its armed wing, the Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA), against a number of rebel groups, most importantly the National Resistance Army (NRA), from 19 ...

**July 27, 1985

1985 Ugandan coup d'état The 1985 Ugandan coup d'état was an ethnically motivated military takeover in Uganda involving dissident Acholi elements within the Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA), led by Brigadier Basilio Olara Okello, which successfully ousted the sec ...

**January 26, 1986

Battle of Kampala A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

*1986 – 1994

War in Uganda (1986-1994) War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organize ...

*1987 – 1990 Kenyan-Ugandan border conflict *1987 – ''ongoing''

*1996 – ''ongoing''

Allied Democratic Forces insurgency The Allied Democratic Forces insurgency is an ongoing conflict waged by the Allied Democratic Forces in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, against the governments of those two countries and the MONUSCO. The insurgency began in 19 ...

*1996 – 2002 UNRF II insurgency *2016 Kasese clashes

Central Africa Central Africa (French language, French: ''Afrique centrale''; Spanish language, Spanish: ''África central''; Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''África Central'') is a subregion of the African continent comprising various countries accordin ...

Cameroon Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the R ...

*1804–1808

Fulani War The Jihad of Usman dan Fodio was a religio-military conflict in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon. The war began when Usman dan Fodio, a prominent Islamic scholar and teacher, was exiled from Gobir by King Yunfa, one of his former students. Usma ...

*1835–1836

Fula jihads The Fula (or Fulani) jihads () sometimes called the Fulani revolution were a series of jihads that occurred across West Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries, led largely by the Muslim Fula people, Fulani people. The jihads and the jihad sta ...

*July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

*September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

*1955 – 1964

Cameroon War The Cameroon War (also known as the Hidden War, or the Cameroonian War of Independence) was a conflict in Cameroon between 1955 and 1964, initially as an independence struggle against French Cameroons, French colonial rule, led by the Union of ...

*1981 – ''present''

Bakassi conflict The Bakassi conflict is an ongoing armed dispute over the Bakassi Peninsula of Cameroon. Originally subject to a border conflict between Cameroon and Nigeria, Bakassi later became affected by insurgencies waged by local separatists against Came ...

**1981 – 2005 Nigerian-Cameroonian conflict over Bakassi **2006 – 2018 First Bakassi insurgency **2021 – ''present'' Pro-Biafran insurgency in Bakassi * 6 February 2007 – ''ongoing''

Operation Juniper Shield {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Operation Juniper Shield , partof = the Global War on Terrorism (Islamist insurgency in the Sahel) , image = , caption = A United States special forces NCO wa ...

** 2009 – ''present''

Boko Haram insurgency The Boko Haram insurgency also known as the Boke Haram Crisis began in July 2009, when the militant Islamist and jihadist rebel group Boko Haram started an armed rebellion against the government of Nigeria. The conflict is taking place wit ...

*** 23 January – 24 December 2015

2015 West African offensive Starting in late January 2015, a coalition of West African troops launched an offensive against the Boko Haram insurgents in Nigeria. Background The insurgent group Boko Haram was founded by the Muslim cleric Mohammed Yusuf in 2002. Initially, ...

*** November 2018 – February 2020 Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020) * 2017 – ''present''

Anglophone Crisis The Anglophone Crisis (), also known as the Ambazonia War of Independence, is an List of ongoing armed conflicts, ongoing armed conflict in the English language, English-speaking Northwest Region (Cameroon), Northwest and Southwest Region (Came ...

**July 3, 2018 Battle of Batibo **July 28, 2018 Ndop prison break **September 25, 2018 Wum prison break **26 April – May 1, 2020

Operation Free Bafut Operation Free Bafut was a week-long Cameroonian military operation against the Seven Karta militia in and around Bafut Bafut may refer to several things relating to Cameroon: * Bafut language * Bafut Subdivision ** Bafut, Cameroon, the headquar ...

**8 September 2020 – ''present'' Operation Bamenda Clean **May – June 2021

Operation Bui Clean Operation Bui Clean, also called Operation Kumbo Clean or Operation Clean Kumbo, was a military offensive conducted by the Cameroon Armed Forces against Ambazonian separatists in Cameroon's Northwest Region from May to June 2021. The operation took ...

**September 16, 2021 September 2021 Bamessing ambush **July 31, 2022 Battle of Bambui

Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to Central African Republic–Chad border, the north, Sudan to Central African Republic–Sudan border, the northeast, South Sudan to Central ...

*1928–1931 Kongo-Wara rebellion *December, 31 1965 – January, 1 1966

Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état Saint-Sylvestre may refer to: * Saint-Sylvestre, Quebec * Saint-Sylvestre, Ardèche, France * Saint-Sylvestre, Haute-Savoie, France * Saint-Sylvestre, Haute-Vienne, France See also * Pope Sylvester I, honored in the Catholic Church and the Eas ...

*September 21, 1979 1979 Central African coup d'état *September 1, 1981

1981 Central African Republic coup d'état On 1 September 1981, General André Kolingba deposed President David Dacko of the Central African Republic in a bloodless coup while Dacko was away from the country traveling to an official state visit in Libya Libya, officially the ...

*March 3, 1982

1982 Central African Republic coup attempt On 3 March 1982, opposition politician and leader of the MLPC party, Ange-Félix Patassé, returned from exile to the Central African Republic and staged an unsuccessful coup against General André Kolingba (who himself took power in the 1981 ...

*1987 – ''present''

*May 27 – 28, 2001

2001 Central African Republic coup attempt On the night of 27–28 May 2001 a coup attempt was carried out by commandos of the Central African Armed Forces who attempted to overthrow incumbent president Ange-Félix Patassé. The coup attempt failed, but violence continued in the capital B ...

*October 25 – 31, 2002

2002 Central African Republic coup attempt The 2002 Central African Republic coup attempt was a failed military coup d'état in the Central African Republic (CAR) led by forces loyal to dismissed Army Chief of Staff Francois Bozizé, with the goal of overthrowing President Ange-Félix Pa ...

*March 15, 2003

2003 Central African Republic coup d'état A coup d'état occurred in March 2003 in the Central African Republic when the forces of General officer, General François Bozizé marched on Bangui, the country's capital, while List of heads of state of the Central African Republic, President A ...

*2004 – 2007

Central African Republic Bush War The Central African Bush War was a civil war in the Central African Republic which lasted from 2004 to 2007 between Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) rebels and government forces. The rebellion began after François Bozizé seiz ...

*2012 – ''present''

Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present) The Central African Republic Civil War is an ongoing civil war in the Central African Republic (CAR) involving the successive governments, rebels from the former ' coalition, the Anti-balaka militias, and various foreign and international fo ...

**March 22 – 23, 2013

Battle of Bangui (2013) The Battle of Bangui occurred in March 2013, during the ongoing Central African Republic Civil War, and resulted in Séléka taking power in the Central African Republic. With the Central African Armed Forces and international soldiers absent, ...

**13 April 2013 – 10 January 2014

Central African Republic conflict under the Djotodia administration Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

Chad Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North Africa, North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to Chad–Libya border, the north, Sudan to Chad–Sudan border, the east, the Central Afric ...

Kanem Empire Kanem may refer to: * Kanem–Bornu Empire, existed in modern Chad and Nigeria known to Arabian geographers from the 9th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900 * Kanem Prefecture, of former prefectures of Chad * ...

* 1203–1243

Dunama Dabbalemi Dunama II Dabbalemi (Dunama Dibalemi Muḥammad bin ʿAbd al-Jalīl) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1221–1259. Life Dunama Dabbalemi was the son of Abd al-Jalil II and Dibala. He succeeded his father as ''mai'' in 1221. A ...

, of the Sayfawa dynasty, mai of the

Kanem Empire Kanem may refer to: * Kanem–Bornu Empire, existed in modern Chad and Nigeria known to Arabian geographers from the 9th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900 * Kanem Prefecture, of former prefectures of Chad * ...

, declared

jihad ''Jihad'' (; ) is an Arabic word that means "exerting", "striving", or "struggling", particularly with a praiseworthy aim. In an Islamic context, it encompasses almost any effort to make personal and social life conform with God in Islam, God ...

against the surrounding tribes and initiated an extended period of conquest *c. 1342 – c. 1388 Fall of Kanem **c. 1342 – c. 1352 Sao Resurgence **c. 1376 – c. 1388 Bulala Invasion

French Chad Chad was a part of the French colonial empire from 1900 to 1960. Colonialism, Colonial rule under the French began in 1900 when the Military Territory of Chad was established. From 1905, Chad was linked to the federation of French colonial poss ...

* 1909–1911

Ouaddai War The Wadai War, also known as the Ouaddai War, was waged by France and its African allies against the Wadai Empire and its allies from 1906 to 1912. Located in what today would be eastern Chad and western Sudan, Wadai fiercely resisted the French ...

* 1915 – 15 November 1917 Massacre des coupes-coupes (in Arabic: Kabkab Massacre, مجزرة كبكب)

Republic of Chad Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon to the southwest, ...

* 1 November 1965

Mangalmé riots The Mangalmé riots also called Mangalme Rebellion or Mubi Uprising were a series of riots in central Chad, starting in the village of Mangalmé, Chad, Mangalmé in the Guéra Prefecture on September 2, 1965. Riots started after a tax increase on ...

* 1965 – 1979

Chadian Civil War (1965–1979) The Chadian Civil War of 1965–1979 () was waged by several rebel factions against two Chadian governments. The initial rebellion erupted in opposition to Chadian President François Tombalbaye, whose regime was marked by authoritarianism, extr ...

* 1978 – 1987 Chadian–Libyan conflict ** 1983 – 1984

Operation Manta Operation Manta was a French military intervention in Chad between 1983 and 1984, during the Chadian–Libyan conflict. The operation was prompted by the invasion of Chad by a joint force of Libyan units and Chadian Transitional Government of N ...

** February 13, 1986 – August 1, 2014 Opération Épervier ** 1986 – 1987

Toyota War The Toyota War (, ), also known as the Great Toyota War, which took place in 1987 in Northern Chad and on the Chad–Libya border, was the last phase of the Chadian–Libyan War. It takes its name from the Toyota pickup trucks, primarily the Toyo ...

* 1983 Chadian–Nigerian War * December 2 – 3, 1990

1990 Chadian coup d'état The 1990 Chadian coup d'état took place on 3 December 1990 when the forces of the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), a Libyan–backed rebel group under the leadership of General Idriss Déby, entered the Chadian capital N'Djamena unopposed. Th ...

* 2002 – ''ongoing''

Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) An Islamist insurgency is taking place in the Maghreb region of North Africa, followed on from the end of the Algerian Civil War in 2002. The Algerian militant group Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) allied itself with al-Qaeda ...

** 6 February 2007 – ''ongoing''

* May 16, 2004 2004 Chadian coup attempt * 2005 – 2010 War in Chad ** 18 December 2005

Battle of Adré The Battle of Adré took place in Adré, Chad on 18 December 2005. The battle began when the Chadian rebel groups Rally for Democracy and Liberty (RDL) and Platform for Change, Unity, and Democracy (SCUD), allegedly backed by the government o ...

** 6 January 2006 Raid on Borota ** 6 March 2006 Raid on Amdjereme ** 13 April 2006

Battle of N'Djamena (2006) : The Battle of N'Djamena took place between the forces of the revolutionary United Front for Democratic Change (UFCD) and the military of Chad that occurred on 13 April 2006 when rebel forces launched an assault on the capital of Chad in the ...

** 1 May 2006 Raid on Dalola ** 2–4 February 2008

Battle of N'Djamena (2008) The Battle of N'Djamena began on February 2, 2008, when Chadian rebel forces opposed to Heads of state of Chad, Chadian President Idriss Déby entered N'Djamena, the capital of Chad, after a three-day advance through the country. The rebels we ...

** 18 June 2008 Battle of Am Zoer ** 7 May 2009

Battle of Am Dam The Battle of Am Dam took place in and around the eastern Chadian town of Am Dam on May 7 and May 8, 2009 when Chadian Army forces attacked a column of advancing Union of Forces for the Resistance (UFR) rebels. Battle At 11:30 on the morning o ...

** 24–28 April 2010 Battle of Tamassi * 2009 – ''present''

** 23 January – 24 December 2015

** November 2018 – February 2020 Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020) * May 1, 2013 2013 Chadian coup attempt * 2016 – ''present''

Insurgency in Chad (2016–present) In 2016, the Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT) and the Military Command Council for the Salvation of the Republic (CCMSR) began a rebellion against the Chadian government. From their rear bases in southern Libya, FACT and CCMSR have l ...

** April 11 – May 9, 2021

2021 Northern Chad offensive The Northern Chad offensive was a military offensive in Northern Chad, initiated by the Chadian rebel group Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT), took place from 11 April to 9 May 2021. It began in the Tibesti Region in the north of the ...

Congo (Republic of)

*1665–1709

Kongo Civil War The Kongo Civil War (1665–1709) was a war of succession between rival houses of the Kingdom of Kongo. The war waged throughout the middle of the 17th and 18th centuries pitting partisans of the House of Kinlaza against the House of Kimpanzu. ...

* June 27 – July 6, 1966

1966 Republic of the Congo coup attempt For 10 days in June and July, 1966 an attempted coup took place in the Republic of the Congo. The coup was sparked following the demotion of Marien Ngouabi (the future President) who was accused of insubordination. Ngouabi's elite unit of paratr ...

* September 4, 1968

1968 Republic of the Congo coup d'état On September 4, 1968, following several days of violent clashes, Alphonse Massamba-Débat's government was overthrown by the military who forced Massamba-Débat to resign. Alfred Raoul then became the acting head of state until January 1969 when M ...

* February 22, 1972

1972 Republic of the Congo coup attempt On February 22, 1972 a radical-left faction of the ruling PCT attempted a coup against Congolese president Marien Ngouabi. The coup was led by Ange Diawara, along with other Politburo members including Claude-Ernest Ndalla and Jean-Baptiste Ik ...

* July – September 1987 1987 Republic of the Congo coup attempt * 1993 – 1994 Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–94) * 1997 – 1999

Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999) The Second Republic of the Congo Civil War, also known as the Second Brazzaville-Congolese Civil War, was the second of two ethnopolitical civil conflicts in the Republic of the Congo which lasted from 5 June 1997 to 29 December 1999. The war ...

* 2002 – 2003

2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department The 2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department was a military conflict between the government of the Republic of the Congo and the rebel Ninja militia which lasted from 2002 to 2003. It began in March 2002, when clashes between Ninja militias an ...

* 2016 – 2017

Pool War The Pool War was a conflict between the Republic of the Congo and the Ninja militia in the Pool Department in the southeastern part of the country. Tensions grew between Frédéric Bintsamou (also known as Pastor Ntumi) and Congolese presiden ...

Congo (Democratic Republic of)

*1892–1894

Congo–Arab war The Congo Arab war was a colonial war between the Congo Free State and Swahili people, Arab-Swahili warlords associated with the Indian Ocean slave trade in the eastern regions of the Congo Basin between 1892 and 1894. The war was caused by the F ...

*1895–1908

Batetela rebellion The Batetela rebellion () was a series of three military mutinies and a subsequent low-level insurgency which was attributed to members of the Tetela ethnic group in the Congo Free State between 1895 and 1908. Beginning in a mutiny among Tetela ...

*28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918

*1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945

*1960 – 1965

Congo Crisis The Congo Crisis () was a period of Crisis, political upheaval and war, conflict between 1960 and 1965 in the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville), Republic of the Congo (today the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The crisis began almost ...

**September 14, 1960 First Mobutu coup d'état **1963 – 1965

Kwilu rebellion The Kwilu rebellion (1963–1965) was a civil uprising which took place in the West of what is the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. The rebellion took place in the wider context of the Cold War and the Congo Crisis. Led by Pierre Mu ...

**1963 – 1965 Simba Rebellion **1963 – 1966 Kanyarwanda War **November 25, 1965

Second Mobutu coup d'état The second Mobutu coup d'état, launched on November 25, 1965, was a successful coup attempt in the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) by General Joseph Mobutu which overthrew President Joseph Kasa-Vubu and Prime Minister Evariste Kimba. The ...

*1960 – 1962

South Kasai South Kasai () was an unrecognised secessionist state within the Republic of the Congo (the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) which was semi-independent between 1960 and 1962. Initially proposed as only a province, South Kasai soug ...

's secession **August – September 1960

Invasion of South Kasai In August 1960 troops of the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville), Republic of the Congo (presently Democratic Republic of the Congo) attempted to crush the secession of South Kasai by invading the declared state's territory. Though initially m ...

**September – October 1962 Coup d'état of South Kasai *1963 – ''ongoing''

Katanga insurgency The Katanga insurgency is an ongoing rebellion by a number of rebel groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, some of which aim for the creation of a separate state within Katanga Province, Katanga. While the insurgency has been active in v ...

*1966 - 1967

Stanleyville mutinies The Stanleyville mutinies, also known as the Mercenaries' mutinies, occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1966 and 1967. First mutiny Amid rumours that the ousted prime minister Moïse Tshombe was plotting a comeback from his exil ...

*1977

Shaba I Shaba I was a conflict in Zaire's Shaba (Katanga) Province lasting from 8 March to 26 May 1977. The conflict began when the Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC), a group of about 2,000 Katangan Congolese soldiers who were vet ...

*1978

Shaba II Shaba II was a brief conflict fought in the Zairean province of Shaba (now Katanga) in 1978. The conflict broke out on 11 May 1978 after 6,500 rebels from the Congolese National Liberation Front (FNLC), a Katangese separatist militia, crossed ...

*1987 — ''ongoing''

*September — October 1991

1991 Zaire unrest In September and October 1991, Zaire (modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) experienced substantial violent unrest, as several Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo#Zaire (1971–1997), Zairian Armed Forces units mutinied and ...

*November 13, 1996 — ''ongoing''

*1996 – 1997

First Congo War The First Congo War, also known as Africa's First World War, was a Civil war, civil and international military conflict that lasted from 24 October 1996 to 16 May 1997, primarily taking place in Zaire (which was renamed the Democratic Republi ...

**October 1996 – May 1997

Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War During the First Congo War, Rwandan, Congolese, and Burundian Hutu men, women, and children in villages and refugee camps were hunted down and became victims of mass killings in eastern Zaire (now named the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Ba ...

**April 9, 1997

Capture of Lubumbashi The capture of Lubumbashi took place in April 1997, during the First Congo War in southern Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo). The rebels of the AFDL, Alliance des forces démocratiques pour la libération du Congo (AFDL) took the city ...

**March 13 – 15, 1997 Battle of Kinsangani (1997) *1998 – 2003

Second Congo War The Second Congo War, also known as Africa's World War or the Great War of Africa, was a major conflict that began on 2 August 1998, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, just over a year after the First Congo War. The war initially erupted ...

**August 4 – 30, 1998

Operation Kitona Operation Kitona was a Rwandan/Ugandan offensive that marked the beginning of the Second Congo War. Rwanda hoped to depose Laurent-Désiré Kabila and install a government more favorable to Rwanda's interests by quickly taking control of Kinshasa ...

**June 5 – 10, 2000

Six-Day War (2000) The Six-Day War () was a series of armed confrontations between Ugandan and Rwandan forces around the city of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 5 to 10 June 2000. The war formed part of the wider Second Congo War (1998–2 ...

**October 2002 – January 2003

Effacer le tableau (, ) was the operational name given to the genocide of the Bambuti pygmies by rebel forces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Background In 2002, Mambasa was a town of about "20,000 to 25,000 inhabitants." A Congolese town n ...

*1999 – ''ongoing''

Ituri Conflict The Ituri conflict () is an ongoing low-intensity conflict, low intensity asymmetrical warfare, asymmetrical conflict between the farmer, agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralism, pastoralist Hema (ethnicity), Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri Provin ...

*2004 – ''ongoing''

Kivu Conflict The Kivu conflict is an umbrella term for a series of protracted armed conflicts in the North Kivu and South Kivu provinces in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo which have occurred since the end of the Second Congo War. Including ...

**26 October 2008 – 23 March 2009

2008 Nord-Kivu campaign The 2008 Nord-Kivu campaign was an armed conflict in the eastern Nord-Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The upsurge of violence in the Kivu conflict saw heavy battles between the Democratic Republic of Congo's army, supporte ...

**20 January 2009 – 27 February 2009

2009 Eastern Congo offensive The 2009 Eastern Congo offensive was a joint Congo-Rwanda military offensive against the Hutu Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) rebel group descended from those groups that carried out the 1994 Rwanda genocide. Two operation ...

**4 April 2012 – 7 November 2013

M23 rebellion M23 rebellion or M23 campaign may refer to: * M23 rebellion (2012–2013), an armed conflict in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo * M23 campaign (2022–present), an offensive in North Kivu against the Armed Forces of the Democratic Re ...

**June 30 – August 10, 2014

2014 North Kivu offensive On 30 June or 2 July 2014, the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and United Nations forces launched an offensive against rebel groups in the Masisi Territory, Masisi and Walikale Territory, Walikale territories, part of the Nort ...

**June 1, 2017 – December 26, 2017 2017 CNPSC offensive **March 27, 2022 – ''present''

M23 offensive (2022–present) M, or m, is the thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of several western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''em'' (pronounced ), plural ''ems''. History ...

*June 11, 2004 2004 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt *2009

Dongo conflict The Dongo conflict was a minor conflict centered in the town of Dongo, on the left bank of the Ubangi River in Sud-Ubangi District, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Violence initially broke out in late October 2009 after a local dispute over ...

*February 27, 2011 2011 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt *2013 – 2018 Batwa-Luba clashes *December 30, 2013

December 2013 Kinshasa attacks December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. December's name derives from the Latin word ''decem'' (meaning ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in th ...

*2016 – 2019

Kamwina Nsapu rebellion The Kamwina Nsapu rebellion, also spelled Kamuina Nsapu rebellion, was an uprising that took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 2016 and 2019. It was instigated by the Kamwina Nsapu militia against state security forces in the ...

*February 8, 2022

2022 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup d'état allegations On February 8, 2022, Félix Tshisekedi, the president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, reported a coup d'état. The reports of a coup emerged when Tshisekedi was attending the African Union summit in Addis Ababa, of which he is the chairpe ...

*2022 – present

Western DR Congo clashes The clashes in the western Democratic Republic of the Congo are a series of attacks by Mobondo militia on armed forces (FARDC) and Teke civilians which started in June 2022. The conflict has an ethnic component, as the Mobondo is mainly recruited ...

*May 19, 2024

2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt On 19 May 2024, an attempted coup d'état took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Targeting President Félix Tshisekedi and his Economy Minister Vital Kamerhe, the assailants attacked both the Palais de la Nation and Kamerhe's resid ...

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. It has an area of . Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name refers to its location both near the Equ ...

*3–18 August 1979

1979 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état The 1979 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état happened on August 3, 1979, when President Francisco Macías Nguema's nephew, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, overthrew him in a bloody coup. Fighting between loyalists and rebels continued until Macías ...

*7 March 2004

2004 Equatorial Guinea coup attempt The 2004 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état attempt, also known as the Wonga Coup, failed to replace President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo with exiled opposition politician Severo Moto Nsá. Mercenaries organised by mainly British financiers were ...

*December 2017

2017 Equatorial Guinea coup attempt The 2017 Equatoguinean coup attempt was the failed coup d'état in Equatorial Guinea by foreign mercenaries against President Teodoro Obiang Nguema's government. The coup attempt began on December 24, when foreign mercenaries hailing from the count ...

Gabon Gabon ( ; ), officially the Gabonese Republic (), is a country on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, on the equator, bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo to the east and south, and ...

*February 17 – 19, 1964

1964 Gabonese coup d'état The 1964 Gabonese coup d'état was staged between 17 and 19 February 1964 by Gabonese military officers who rose against President of Gabon, Gabonese President Léon M'ba. Before the coup d'état, coup, Gabon was seen as one of the most politic ...

*January 7, 2019

2019 Gabonese coup attempt On 7 January 2019, members of the Armed Forces of Gabon announced a coup d'état in Gabon. Military officers claimed that they had ousted President Ali Bongo, who was re-elected in 2016 after a controversial election and protests. During the ...

*August 30, 2023

2023 Gabonese coup d'état On 30 August 2023, a coup d'état occurred in Gabon shortly after the announcement that incumbent president Ali Bongo had won the general election held on 26 August. It was the eighth successful coup to occur in West and Central Africa since 2 ...

São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is an island country in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two archipelagos around the two main isla ...

* February 3, 1953

Batepá Massacre The Batepá massacre occurred on 3 February 1953 in colonial São Tomé when hundreds of native Creole peoples#Portuguese Africa, creoles known as ''Forro Creole, forros'' were massacred by the Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, colonial admin ...

* March 8, 1988

1988 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt The 1988 São Tomé and Príncipe coup d'état attempt was a failed paramilitary operation undertaken by the exile National Resistance Front of São Tomé and Príncipe – Renewal ( FRNSTP-R) that sought to overthrow the ruling Movement for th ...

* August 15 – 22, 1995

1995 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt 1995 was designated as: * United Nations Year for Tolerance * World Year of Peoples' Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government ...

* July 16 – 23, 2003

2003 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt The 2003 São Tomé and Príncipe coup d'état attempt was an attempted military coup in São Tomé and Príncipe on 16 July 2003. The coup was launched against the government of President Fradique de Menezes, and was led by Major Fernando Per ...

* November 24 – 25, 2022

2022 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt The 2022 São Tomé and Príncipe coup d'état attempt was an attempted coup d'état that is reported to have taken place on the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe overnight on 24–25 November 2022. At a press conference held on 25 Nove ...

Horn of Africa The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...

Djibouti Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east. The country has an area ...

*1991 – 1994

Djiboutian Civil War The Djiboutian Civil War (also known as the First Afar insurgency) was a conflict in Djibouti, lasting from 1991 to 1994 and resulting in thousands of fatalities. The uneven power sharing between the Issas and the Afars led to the Civil War tha ...

*1994 – ''present'' FRUD insurgency *2008

Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict The Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict was a border conflict between the forces of Djibouti and Eritrea that occurred between June 10 and June 13, 2008.Other name combinations are also used for this conflict which is also described as a ''war' ...

Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...

Italian Eritrea Italian Eritrea (, "Colony of Eritrea") was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy in the territory of present-day Eritrea. The first Italian establishment in the area was the purchase of Assab by the Società di Navigazione Rubattino, Rubattino Shippin ...

* 1895–1896 First Italo-Ethiopia War ** 13 January 1895

Battle of Coatit The Battle of Coatit was fought on 13 January 1895 between Italy and Ethiopian proxies led by Tigrayan Prince Ras Mengesha Yohannes in what is now Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa r ...

* 3 October 1935 – May 1936

Second Italo-Ethiopian War The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, also referred to as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, was a war of aggression waged by Fascist Italy, Italy against Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia, which lasted from October 1935 to February 1937. In Ethiopia it is oft ...

** 3 October 1935 – December 1935

De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia De Bono's invasion of Ethiopia took place during the opening stages of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Italian General Emilio De Bono invaded northern Ethiopia from staging areas in the Italian colony of Eritrea on what was known as the "northe ...

Italian East Africa Italian East Africa (, A.O.I.) was a short-lived colonial possession of Fascist Italy from 1936 to 1941 in the Horn of Africa. It was established following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, which led to the military occupation of the Ethiopian ...

* 10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941

** 10 June 1940 – 2 May 1945

Mediterranean and Middle East theatre The Mediterranean and Middle East theatre was a major theatre of operations during the Second World War. The vast size of the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre saw interconnected land, naval, and air campaigns fought for control of the Med ...

*** 10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941 East African Campaign **** 5 February 1941 – 1 April 1941

Battle of Keren The Battle of Keren () took place from 3 February to 27 March 1941. Keren was attacked by the British during the East African Campaign of the Second World War. A force of Italian regular and colonial troops defended the position against troop ...

Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea The Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea was a federation between the former Italian Eritrea, Italian colony of Eritrea (1952–1962), Eritrea and the Ethiopian Empire. It was established as a result of the renunciation of Italy’s rights and tit ...

* 1961 – 1991

Eritrean War of Independence The Eritrean War of Independence was an War, armed conflict and insurgency aimed at achieving self-determination and independence for Eritrea from Ethiopian rule. Starting in 1961, Eritrean insurgents engaged in guerrilla warfare to liberate ...

** 1 September 1991 Battle of Adal ** 17 September 1976 - 22 March 1977 Siege of Nakfa ** 1977 – 1978 Battle of Massawa (1977) ** September 1977 - August 1978 Siege of Barentu ** 15 February – 5 July 1982 Red Star Campaign ** 17–20 March 1988

Battle of Afabet The Battle of Afabet was a three-day battle fought from 17 March through 20 March 1988 in and around the town of Afabet, as part of the Eritrean War of Independence. The battle has been described as being the largest battle in Africa since the ...

** 8–17 February 1990 Battle of Massawa (1990)

Ethiopian Empire The Ethiopian Empire, historically known as Abyssinia or simply Ethiopia, was a sovereign state that encompassed the present-day territories of Ethiopia and Eritrea. It existed from the establishment of the Solomonic dynasty by Yekuno Amlak a ...

* February 1972 – 13 October 1974 First Eritrean Civil War

Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia The Derg or Dergue (, ), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), was the military junta that ruled Ethiopia, including present-day Eritrea, from 1974 to 1987, when they formally " civilianized" the administration a ...

* February 1980 – 24 March 1981 Second Eritrean Civil War

State of Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the south, Sudan in the west, and Djibouti in the southeast. Th ...

* 1995 – 2018

Second Afar insurgency The Second Afar insurgency was an insurgency in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and the Southern Red Sea Region of Eritrea (also known as Dankalia), waged by various Afar rebel groups. Both Ethiopia and Eritrea supported different rebel groups in ...

* 1995

Hanish Islands conflict The Hanish Islands conflict was a dispute between Yemen and Eritrea over the island of Greater Hanish in the Red Sea, one of the largest in the then disputed Zukur-Hanish archipelago. Fighting took place over three days from 15 December to 17 De ...

* 1998 – 2018

Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict The Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict was a violent standoff and a proxy war, proxy conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia lasting from 1998 to 2018. It consisted of a series of incidents along the then-disputed Eritrea–Ethiopia border, bord ...

** 1998 – 2000

Eritrean–Ethiopian War The Eritrean–Ethiopian War, also known as the Badme War, was a major armed conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea that took place from May 6, 1998 to June 18, 2000. After 1993 Eritrean independence referendum, Eritrea gained independence from E ...

*** 6 May – 17 June 1998 1998 Eritrean offensive into Ethiopia *** February 1999 February 1999 Eritrean–Ethiopian aerial clashes *** May 29, 2000 Operation Aider ** 2010

2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sp ...

** 2016

Battle of Tsorona The Battle of Tsorona was an engagement between the Eritrean and the Ethiopian armies fought near the border town of Tsorona. Eritrean government statements identified Ethiopian armed forces as the aggressors and the Ethiopian government using ...

* 2008

* 21 January 2013

2013 Eritrean Army mutiny The 2013 Eritrean Army mutiny was mounted on 21 January 2013, when around 100 to 200 soldiers of the Eritrean Army in the capital city, Asmara, seized the headquarters of the state broadcaster, EriTV, and allegedly broadcast a message demanding r ...

* 2020 – 2022 Tigray War

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

Axumite Empire The Kingdom of Aksum, or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom in East Africa and South Arabia from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, based in what is now northern Ethiopia and Eritrea, and spanning present-day Djibouti and Sudan. Emerging ...

* c. 300 CE

Ezana of Axum Ezana (, ''‘Ezana'', unvocalized ዐዘነ ''‘zn''), (, ''Aezana'') was the ruler of the Kingdom of Aksum (320s – ). One of the best-documented rulers of Aksum, Ezana is important as he first adopted for his country the religion of Chris ...

is said to have launched several military campaigns and destroyed the

Kingdom of Kush The Kingdom of Kush (; Egyptian language, Egyptian: 𓎡𓄿𓈙𓈉 ''kꜣš'', Akkadian language, Assyrian: ''Kûsi'', in LXX Χους or Αἰθιοπία; ''Ecōš''; ''Kūš''), also known as the Kushite Empire, or simply Kush, was an an ...

* 525 Conquest of the

Himyarite Kingdom Himyar was a polity in the southern highlands of Yemen, as well as the name of the region which it claimed. Until 110 BCE, it was integrated into the Qataban, Qatabanian kingdom, afterwards being recognized as an independent kingdom. According ...

by Axum * 570–578 Aksumite-Persian wars ** Battle of Hadhramaut **

Siege of Sanaa (570) The siege of Sanaa is a battle fought in the 6th century by the Kingdom of Aksum and the Sasanian Empire. It took place when the Sasanian under general Vahrez besieged the Aksumite city of Sanaa Sanaa, officially the Sanaa Municipality, is ...

* c. 900 King of Aksum

Degna Djan Degna Djan was an Emperor of the Kingdom of Aksum (9th or 10th centuries). Paul B. Henze states that his throne name was " 'Anbasa Wedem", which tradition states was his oldest son's name. His younger son was Dil Na'od. E. A. Wallis Budge provide ...

led military expeditions as far south as

Ennarea Ennarea, also known as E(n)narya or In(n)arya ( Gonga: Hinnario), was a kingdom in the Gibe region in what is now western Ethiopia. It became independent from the kingdom of Damot in the 14th century and would be the most powerful kingdom in t ...

* c. 960 Axumite Empire is said to have been destroyed by

Gudit Gudit () is the Classical Ethiopic name for a personage also known as Yodit in Tigrinya, and Amharic, but also Isato in Amharic, and Ga'wa in Ţilţal. The person behind these various alternative names is portrayed as a powerful female rul ...

of the

Kingdom of Simien The Kingdom of Simien (), also known as the Kingdom of Beta Israel (), also referred to as "Land of the Gideons" by Rabbi Abraham ben Eliezer Halevi in the 14th century named after the dynasty's first ruler. This refers to a semi-legendary Jew ...

Makhzumi Dynasty The Sultanate of Shewa (also spelled Sultanate of Shoa), sometimes called the Makhzumi dynasty, was a Muslim kingdom in present-day Ethiopia. Its capital Walale was situated in northern Hararghe in Harla country. Its territory extended possibly ...

* c. 1270 Makhzumi Sultan assisted

Yekuno Amlak Yekuno Amlak (); throne name Tesfa Iyasus (; died 19 June 1285) was Emperor of Ethiopia, from 1270 to 1285, and the founder of the Solomonic dynasty, which lasted until 1974. He was a ruler from Bete Amhara (in parts of modern-day Wollo and ...

rebellion against

Zagwe dynasty The Zagwe dynasty () was a medieval Agaw monarchy that ruled the northern parts of Ethiopia and Eritrea. It ruled large parts of the territory from approximately 1137 to 1270 AD, when the last Zagwe King Za-Ilmaknun was killed in battle by the ...

* c. 1285 the Conquest of Makhzumi by the

Ifat Sultanate The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, or the Kingdom of Zeila was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century. It was formed in pres ...

Ethiopian Empire The Ethiopian Empire, historically known as Abyssinia or simply Ethiopia, was a sovereign state that encompassed the present-day territories of Ethiopia and Eritrea. It existed from the establishment of the Solomonic dynasty by Yekuno Amlak a ...

* 1314–1344 Conquests of the Emperor Amda Seyon I ** c. 1316 Early military actions *** c. 1316 Emperor

Amda Seyon I Amda Seyon I, also known as Amda Tsiyon I ( , , "Pillar of Zion"), throne name Gebre Mesqel (ገብረ መስቀል , "Servant of the Cross"), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1314 to 1344 and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He is best known ...

successfully campaigned against the Muslim kingdoms of Damot and Hadiya ** c. 1320 Rebellion of Haqq ad-Din I ** c. 1329 Northern campaigns ** c. 1332 Later campaigns ** c. 1320–1415 Abyssinian wars against the

Sultanate of Ifat The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, or the Kingdom of Zeila was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century. It was formed in pres ...

* 1529–1543 Ethiopian-Adal War ** March 1529

Battle of Shimbra Kure The Battle of Shimbra Kure was fought on 9 March 1529 between the forces of Adal led by Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, and the Abyssinian army, under Dawit II (Lebna Dengel). It was the first major battle of the Ethiopian–Adal War. Ar ...

** 1531

Battle of Antukyah The Battle of Antukyah was fought in 1531 between Adal Sultanate forces under Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi and the Abyssinian army under Eslamu. Huntingford has located Antukyah about south of Lake Hayq, at the edge of the Ethiopian Highland ...

** 28 October 1531

Battle of Amba Sel The Battle of Amba Sel was fought on 28 October 1531, between the Ethiopians under their Emperor Dawit II, and the forces of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of the Adal Sultanate The Adal Sultanate, also known as the Adal Empire or Barr Saʿa ...

** 24 April 1541 Battle of Sahart ** 2 February 1542

Battle of Baçente The Battle of Baçente was fought on February 2, 1542, when a Portugal, Portuguese army under Cristóvão da Gama took a hillfort held by Adal Sultanate, Adalite forces in northern Ethiopia. The Portuguese suffered minimal casualties, while the ...

** 4–16 April 1542

Battle of Jarte The Battle of Jarte was fought from 4 to 16 April 1542 between the forces of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi and the Ethiopian Empire assisted by a Portuguese Empire, Portuguese expeditionary force led by Cristóvão da Gama. The Abyssinians and Port ...

** August 1542 Battle of the Hill of the Jews ** 28 August 1542

Battle of Wofla The Battle of Wofla was fought on August 28, 1542, near Lake Ashenge in Wofla (Ofla) between the Portuguese under Cristóvão da Gama and the forces of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi. Reinforced with a superiority not only in numbers but in ...

** 21 February 1543

Battle of Wayna Daga The Battle of Wayna Daga was a large-scale battle between the Ethiopian forces and the Portuguese Empire and the forces of the Adal Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire in the east of Lake Tana in Ethiopia on 21 February 1543. The available sources ...

* 1769–1855

Zemene Mesafint The Zemene Mesafint ( Ge'ez: ) variously translated "Era of Judges", "Era of the Princes," "Age of Princes," etc.; taken from the biblical Book of Judges) was a period in Ethiopian history between the mid-18th and mid-19th centuries when the cou ...

* December 1867 – May 1868

British Expedition to Abyssinia The British Expedition to Abyssinia was a rescue mission and punitive expedition carried out in 1868 by the armed forces of the British Empire against the Ethiopian Empire (also known at the time as Abyssinia). Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia, ...

* 12 January 1872 – 10 March 1889 Conquests of

Yohannes IV of Ethiopia Yohannes IV ( Tigrinya: ዮሓንስ ፬ይ ''Rabaiy Yōḥānnes''; horse name Abba Bezbiz also known as Kahśsai; born ''Lij'' Kahssai Mercha; 11 July 1837 – 10 March 1889) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1871 to his death in 1889 at the ...

** 1875–1881 War with Ottoman Egypt ** 1885 War with Sudan * 1886–1887 war with

Emirate of Harar The Emirate of Harar was a Muslim kingdom founded in 1647 when the Harari people refused to accept Imām ʿUmardīn Ādam as their ruler and broke away from the Imamate of Aussa to form their own state under `Ali ibn Da`ud. The Harar, city of Ha ...

** October 1886 Battle of Hirna ** 9 January 1887

Battle of Chelenqo The Battle of Chelenqo was an engagement fought on 9 January 1887 between the Abyssinian army of Shewa under ''Negus'' Menelik and Emir 'Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur of Harar. The Harari forces were routed, and Negus Menelik afterward ...

* 1881–1899

Mahdist War The Mahdist War (; 1881–1899) was fought between the Mahdist Sudanese, led by Muhammad Ahmad bin Abdullah, who had proclaimed himself the "Mahdi" of Islam (the "Guided One"), and the forces of the Khedivate of Egypt, initially, and later th ...

** 14 October 1888

Battle of Guté Dili The Battle of Guté Dili was fought on 14 October 1888 between an alliance of the Shewan forces of ''Ras (title), Ras'' Gobana Dacche and Mahdist forces under governor Khalil al-Khuzani near Nejo in the modern Mirab Welega Zone of the Oromia Regi ...

* 1895–1896 First Italo-Ethiopia War ** 1 March 1896

Battle of Adwa The Battle of Adwa (; ; , also spelled ''Adowa'') was the climactic battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Ethiopian army defeated an invading Italian and Eritrean force led by Oreste Baratieri on March 1, 1896, near the town of Adwa. ...

** 7 December 1895 Battle of Amba Alagi ** 13 January 1895

* 3 October 1935 – May 1936 Second Italo-Ethiopia War ** 3 October – December 1935

** 15 December 1935 – 20 January 1936 Ethiopian Christmas Offensive ** 12–20 January 1936 Battle of Genale Doria ** 20–24 January 1936 First Battle of Tembien ** 1–19 February 1936

Battle of Amba Aradam The Battle of Amba Aradam (also known as the Battle of Enderta) was fought on the northern front of what was known as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. This battle consisted of attacks and counter-attacks by Italian forces under Marshal of Italy ...

** 27–29 February 1936 Second Battle of Tembien ** 29 February – 2 March 1936 Battle of Shire ** 31 March 1936

Battle of Maychew The Battle of Maychew () was the last major battle fought on the northern front during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. The battle consisted of a failed counterattack by the Ethiopian forces under Emperor Haile Selassie making frontal assaults ...

** 14–25 April 1936

Battle of the Ogaden The Battle of the Ogaden was fought in 1936 in the southern front of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. The battle consisted of attacks by the Italian forces of General Rodolfo Graziani, the commander-in-chief of the forces on the "southern fro ...

** 26 April – 5 May 1936

March of the Iron Will The March of the Iron Will () was an Italian offensive occurring from 26 April to 5 May 1936, during the final days of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Its goal was to capture the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa, in a show of force f ...

* 1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945

** 10 June 1940 – 2 May 1945

*** 10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941 East African Campaign * 13 – 17 December 1960

1960 Ethiopian coup attempt The 1960 Ethiopian coup attempt (, translated "the December riot") was a failed coup d'état perpetrated against Emperor Haile Selassie on 13 December 1960 by the Council of the Revolution, a cabal of four conspirators led by brothers Germame N ...

* 1961 – 1991

** 8–17 February 1990 Battle of Massawa (1990) * 1963 – 1970 Bale revolt * 1963 – 1965

1963–1965 Ogaden rebellion The 1963–1965 Ogaden rebellion was an uprising and insurgency by the Somali population of the Ogaden region in the Ethiopian Empire against attempts at taxation and cultural assimilation by the government of Emperor Haile Selassie. Somali leader ...

* 1964

1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War The 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War, also known as the First Ogaden War marked the first military conflict between the newly established Somali Republic and the Ethiopian Empire, lasting from February to April 1964. The border conflict was pr ...

* 12 January – 12 September 1974

Ethiopian Revolution The Ethiopian Revolution () was a period of civil, police and military upheaval in Ethiopia to protest against the weakened Haile Selassie government. It is generally thought to have begun on 12 January 1974 when Ethiopian soldiers began a rebel ...

* 1974 – 1991

Ethiopian Civil War The Ethiopian Civil War was a civil war in Ethiopia and present-day Eritrea, fought between the Ethiopian military junta known as the Derg and Ethiopian-Eritrean anti-government rebels from 12 September 1974 to 28 May 1991. The Derg overthre ...

** 12 September 1974

1974 Ethiopian coup d'état On 12 September 1974, Emperor Haile Selassie was deposed by the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army, a Soviet-backed military junta that consequently ruled Ethiopia as the Derg until 28 May 1991. In February 1 ...

Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia The Derg or Dergue (, ), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), was the military junta that ruled Ethiopia, including present-day Eritrea, from 1974 to 1987, when they formally " civilianized" the administration a ...

* 12 September 1974 – 28 May 1991

** 23 November 1974

Massacre of the Sixty The Massacre of the Sixty, or Black Saturday (, ''tikuru kidami''), was an execution that took place in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia commissioned by the Derg Government of the Derg, government against 60 imprisoned former government officials at Kerche ...

** 23 September 1976 – 22 March 1978

Red Terror (Ethiopia) The Ethiopian Red Terror, also known as the Qey Shibir (), was a violent political repression campaign of the Derg against other competing Marxist-Leninist groups in Ethiopia and present-day Eritrea from 1976 to 1978. The Qey Shibir was an attem ...

** 22 June 1988 Hawzen massacre (1988) ** 16 May 1989 1989 Ethiopian coup attempt ** 28 May 1991

Fall of the Derg regime The fall of the Derg was a military campaign that resulted in the defeat of the ruling Marxist–Leninist military junta, the Derg, by the rebel coalition Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) on 28 May 1991 in Addis Ababa, ...

* 13 July 1977 – 15 March 1978

Ogaden War The Ogaden War, also known as the Ethio-Somali War (, ), was a military conflict between Somali Democratic Republic, Somalia and derg, Ethiopia fought from July 1977 to March 1978 over control of the sovereignty of the Ogaden region. Somalia ...

** 13 July – October 1977

Somali invasion of Ogaden The Somali invasion of Ogaden took place in July 1977, when Somalia attacked Ethiopia in two formations. The main force had the aim of seizing Jijiga, Harar and Dire Dawa while a secondary force assaulted Dolo, Gode and Imi. The Somali National ...

** July 1977 – August 1977 Battle of Dire Dawa ** September 1977 – 5 March 1978

Battle of Jijiga The Battle of Jijiga was a series of battles that was part of the Ogaden War. The battles were fought in Jijiga, Ethiopia and was one the largest battles of the conflict. History First Battle of Jijiga (September 1977) In mid-September 1977, dur ...

** October 1977 – 27 January 1978 Battle of Harar * 1982

1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War The Ethiopian–Somali Border War took place from June 1982 to August 1983, when Ethiopia launched a large-scale invasion of central Somalia. Backed by warplanes and armored units, Ethiopia deployed a 10,000-man force alongside thousands of Somal ...

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

* 1973 – ''ongoing''

Oromo conflict The Oromo conflict or Oromia conflict is a protracted conflict between the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) and the Government of Ethiopia, Ethiopian government. The Oromo Liberation Front formed to fight the Ethiopian Empire to liberate the Oromo ...

** 2018 – ''present''

OLA insurgency The OLA insurgency is an armed insurgency between the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), which split from the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) in 2018, and the Ethiopian government, continuing in the context of the long-term Oromo conflict, typically dat ...

*** 18 March 2021 – 18 April 2021

2021 Ataye clashes The 2021 Ataye clashes were two episodes of large-scale ethnic violence killing hundreds in and around the Ethiopian town of Ataye, leading to nearly a quarter of the town being destroyed and hundreds of thousands displaced. Background Clashes ...

*** 29 March – 19 April 2022 2022 North Shewa clashes ** 23 – 28 October 2019

October 2019 Ethiopian clashes A October 2019 Ethiopian clashes was a civil unrest that broke out in Addis Ababa, on 23 October 2019 and swiftly spread to entire Oromia Region after activist and Director of Oromia Media Network, Jawar Mohammed reported on his Facebook pa ...

** 30 June – 2 July 2020

Hachalu Hundessa riots The Hachalu Hundessa riots were a series of civil unrest that occurred in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia, more specifically in the hot spot of Addis Ababa, Shashamene and Ambo following the killing of the Oromo musician Hachalu Hundessa on 29 ...

* 1992 – 2018

Insurgency in Ogaden The Insurgency in Ogaden was an armed conflict that took place from 1992 to 2018. It was waged by nationalist and islamist Somali insurgent groups seeking self determination for the region, primarily the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) and ...

** 2007 – 2008

2007–2008 Ethiopian crackdown in Ogaden The 2007–2008 Ethiopian crackdown in Ogaden was a military campaign by the Ethiopian Army against the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF). The crackdown against the guerrillas began after they killed over 60 Ethiopian troops and several ...

* 1994 – ''present'' Ethnic violence in Konso * 1994 – ''present''

Ethnic violence against Amaro Koore This is part of the series of violence between minorities in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) and West Guji Zone of the Oromia regions, causing frequent attacks against ethnic Koore and other minorities in the A ...

* 1998 – 2018

** 1998 – 2000

*** 6 May – 17 June 1998 1998 Eritrean offensive into Ethiopia *** February 1999 February 1999 Eritrean–Ethiopian aerial clashes *** May 29, 2000 Operation Aider ** 2010

** 2016

* Early to mid 2000s – present Gambela conflict * 2002 – ''ongoing''

Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa Operation Enduring Freedom has had related activities in the Horn of Africa. United States counter-terrorist activities in the region have included advisers, supplies, and other forms of non-combat support, but more prominently have included dro ...

* 2016 – 2018

Oromo–Somali clashes The Oromo–Somali clashes flared up in December 2016 following territorial disputes between Oromia region and Somali region's Government in Ethiopia. Hundreds of people were killed and more than 1.5 million people fled their homes. The conflict ...

* 2018 – ''present''

Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) The ongoing Ethiopian civil conflict began with the 2018 dissolution of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), an ethnic federalism, ethnic federalist, Dominant-party system, dominant party political coalition. After the ...

** 22 June 2019

Amhara Region coup attempt The 2019 Amhara Region coup d'état attempt was an attempted coup d'état against the Amhara Regional government on 22 June 2019, during which factions of the Amhara Region's Peace and Security Bureau assassinated the Amhara Regional President ...

** 2019 – 2022

Benishangul-Gumuz conflict The Benishangul-Gumuz conflict was an armed conflict mostly in the Metekel Zone of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region in Ethiopia that started in 2019, until peace agreement signed between the rebel groups and the government of Ethiopia in October 2022 ...

** 2020 – ''present''

Afar–Somali clashes The Afar–Somali clashes were territorial conflicts between the Afar and Somali Regions of Ethiopia. The current conflict which began in 2014, is centered around three special Kebeles inhabited by ethnic Somalis from the Issa Clan. These th ...

** 2020 – 2022 Tigray War *** 3 – 4 November 2020 Northern Command attacks (Ethiopia) *** 9 – 11 November 2020 Battle of Humera *** 17 – 28 November 2020

Mekelle offensive The Mekelle offensive was a military campaign fought at the start of the Tigray War between the national armed forces of Ethiopia and the Tigray Region The Tigray Region (or simply Tigray; officially the Tigray National Regional State) i ...

*** 11 June 2021 – 6 July 2021 Operation Alula *** 31 October – 1 December 2021

TDF–OLA joint offensive The TDF–OLA joint offensive was a rebel offensive in the Tigray War and the OLA insurgency starting in late October 2021 launched by a joint rebel coalition of the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) and Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) against the Ethio ...

*** 26 November – 23 December 2021 ENDF National Unity Offensive *** 14 – 18 October 2022

Battle of Shire (2022) Between 14–18 October 2022, Ethiopian troops aided by Eritrean forces launched an offensive into Shire, in the separatist Tigray region. While Shire had been at the forefront of the conflict since 2020, the October 2022 offensive towards the ...

** 2020 – 2022

Al-Fashaga conflict The al-Fashaga conflict was a territorial conflict between Sudan and Amhara militants from Ethiopia in the disputed Al-Fashaga District (an area of Sudan east of the Atbarah River and south of the Tekezé River). Since 2008, Ethiopia has drop ...

** 2022

2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia On 20 July 2022, the Islamist militant group al-Shabaab launched an invasion from Somalia into Ethiopia's Somali Region. Taking advantage of the instability created by the Tigray war, the goal of the operation was to establish a presence for ...

** 2023 – ''present''

War in Amhara The War in Amhara is an armed conflict and insurgency in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia that began in April 2023 between the Fano militia and the Ethiopian government. The conflict started after the government attempted to dissolve the Amhara S ...

Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...

Ajuuraan State The Ajuran Sultanate (, ), natively referred to as Ajuuraan, and often simply Ajuran/Ajur, was a Muslim empire in the Horn of Africa that thrived from the late medieval and early modern period. Founded by Somali Sultans its rise to prominence ...

* 1580s Ajuran-Portuguese wars

Italian East Africa Italian East Africa (, A.O.I.) was a short-lived colonial possession of Fascist Italy from 1936 to 1941 in the Horn of Africa. It was established following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, which led to the military occupation of the Ethiopian ...

* 10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941

** 10 June 1940 – 2 May 1945

*** 10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941 East African Campaign **** 3–19 August 1940

Italian conquest of British Somaliland The Italian invasion of British Somaliland (3–19 August 1940) was part of the East African campaign (1940–1941) in which Italian, Eritrean and Somali forces entered the Somaliland Protectorate and defeated its garrison of British, Common ...

Somali Republic The Somali Republic (; ; ) was formed by the union of the Trust Territory of Somaliland (formerly Italian Somaliland) and the State of Somaliland (formerly British Somaliland). A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad ...

* 1961

1961 revolt in Somalia The 1961 revolt in Somalia was an unsuccessful revolt and coup d'état attempt in northern Somalia which took place in December 1961. The coup plotters, a group of northern junior officers, intended to restore the independence of the State of Soma ...

* 21 October 1969

1969 Somali coup d'état The 1969 Somali coup d'état was a bloodless military takeover of the Somali Republic on 21 October 1969, led by Somali National Army officers of the Supreme Revolutionary Council under General Siad Barre. After the assassination of President A ...

Somali Democratic Republic The Somali Democratic Republic (; , ; ) was a socialist state in Somalia that existed from 1969 to 1991. Established in October 1969, the Somali Democratic Republic emerged following a 1969 Somali coup d'état, coup d'état led by Major General ...

* 1977 – 1978

** 13 July – October 1977

** July 1977 – August 1977 Battle of Dire Dawa ** September 1977 – 5 March 1978

** October 1977 – 27 January 1978 Battle of Harar * 1978 – 1991

Somali Rebellion The Somali Rebellion was the start of the Somali Civil War that began in the 1970s and resulted in the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic in 1991. The rebellion effectively began in 1978 following a failed coup d’état and Presiden ...

** 9 April 1978

1978 Somali coup attempt The 1978 Somali coup d'état attempt was a violent Somali Armed Forces, military Coup d'état, coup attempt that took place in Somalia (then Somali Democratic Republic) on 9 April 1978, against the regime of President Siad Barre. The United State ...

** 1981 – 1991

Somaliland War of Independence The Somaliland War of Independence () was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somali Democratic Republic, Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and en ...

*** 1987 – 1989

Isaaq genocide The Isaaq genocide (; ), also known as the Hargeisa Holocaust, was the systematic, state-sponsored genocide of Isaaq civilians between 1987 and 1989 by the Somali Democratic Republic, under the dictatorship of Siad Barre, during the Somalilan ...

* June–August 1982

Federal Republic of Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...

* 1991 – ''ongoing''

Somali Civil War The Somali Civil War (; ) is an List of ongoing armed conflicts, ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the military junta which was led by Siad Barre during the 1980s. From 1988 to 1990, the Somali Armed ...

** 5 December 1992 – 4 May 1993

Unified Task Force The Unified Task Force (UNITAF), also known as Operation Restore Hope, was a United States-led, United Nations-sanctioned multinational military force deployed to Somalia from 5 December 1992 to 4 May 1993. It was established to replace United ...

*** December 1992 – May 19 Operation Deliverance ** 26 March 1993 – 28 March 1995

United Nations Operation in Somalia II The United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) was the second phase of the United Nations intervention in Somalia and took place from March 1993 until March 1995, following the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991. UNOSOM II carried o ...

*** 5 June 1993

June 1993 attack on Pakistani military in Somalia The June 5th 1993 attack on the Pakistani military was a major confrontation that occurred concurrently in different parts of the Somali capital of Mogadishu, between Somali citizens & militias against the Pakistani peacekeeping contingent of UN ...

*** 2 July 1993 Battle of Checkpoint Pasta *** 12 July 1993

Bloody Monday raid The Bloody Monday raid (, ), also known as the Abdi House raid or Operation Michigan, was a US military operation that took place in Mogadishu on 12 July 1993, during the United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) phase of the UN inter ...

*** 22 August 1993 – 13 October 1993

Operation Gothic Serpent Operation Gothic Serpent was a military operation conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia, by an American force code-named ''Task Force Ranger'' during the Somali Civil War in 1993. The primary objective of the operation was to capture Mohamed Farra ...

**** 3–4 October 1993

Battle of Mogadishu (1993) The Battle of Mogadishu (), also known as the Black Hawk Down Incident, was part of Operation Gothic Serpent. It was fought on 3–4 October 1993, in Mogadishu, Somalia, between forces of the United States—supported by UNOSOM II—against S ...

**1998 – ''ongoing'' Puntland-Somaliland dispute ***15 October 2007

Battle of Las Anod (2007) The 2007 Battle of Las Anod saw Somaliland National Army engage Puntland forces in Las Anod, capital of the Sool region. The ensuing battle resulted in Somaliland ousting the Puntland army from the city. Overview Las Anod had until then been c ...

***8 January 2018

Battle of Tukaraq The Battle of Tukaraq in 2018 saw the Somaliland National Army engage Puntland forces in Tukaraq, a town in the eastern Sool region, on the road between the regional capitals of Las Anod and Garowe. The ensuing heavy clashes resulted in Somalila ...

** 4 June – 20 December 2006 2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive *** 7 May – 11 July 2006

Battle of Mogadishu (2006) The Second Battle of Mogadishu was fought for control of Somalia's capital city, Mogadishu. The opposing forces were the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT), and militia loyal to the Islamic Courts Union (ICU). T ...

** 20 December 2006 – 30 January 2009

Somalia War (2006–2009) The Somali Civil War (; ) is an List of ongoing armed conflicts, ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the military junta which was led by Siad Barre during the 1980s. From 1988 to 1990, the Somali Armed ...

*** 20–26 December 2006

Battle of Baidoa The Battle of Baidoa began on 20 December 2006 when the Somali transitional federal government forces (TFG) allied with Ethiopian forces stationed there attacked advancing Islamic Courts Union (ICU) forces along with 500 alleged Eritrean tro ...

*** 23–25 December 2006

Battle of Bandiradley The Battle of Bandiradley in Somalia began on December 23, 2006, when Galmudug and Ethiopian forces, along with faction leader Abdi Qeybdid, fought Islamic Courts Union (ICU) militants defending Bandiradley. The fighting pushed the Islamists out ...

*** 24–25 December 2006

Battle of Beledweyne (2006) The Battle of Beledweyne occurred on December 24 to December 25, 2006, when Ethiopian troops seized that Somalia town from Islamic Courts Union fighters, according to some news agencies. Beledweyne is 100 km north of Baidoa, the seat of Tran ...

*** 27 December 2006 Battle of Jowhar *** 28 December 2006

Fall of Mogadishu The fall of Mogadishu occurred on 28 December 2006, when the Ethiopian National Defence Forces (ENDF) advanced into the capital to install the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). The Islamic Courts Union (ICU), which had controlled the capi ...

*** 31 December 2006 – 1 January 2007

Battle of Jilib The Battle of Jilib took place on the last day of 2006 during the Ethiopian invasion of Somalia. It was fought when Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) troops and Transitional Federal Government (TFG) militia launched an offensive on the t ...

*** 1 January 2007

Fall of Kismayo The fall of Kismayo occurred on January 1, 2007, when the troops of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and Ethiopian forces entered the Somali city of Kismayo unopposed. It came after the Islamic Courts Union's forces faltered and f ...

*** 5 – 12 January 2007 Battle of Ras Kamboni *** 21 March – 26 April 2007

Battle of Mogadishu (March–April 2007) The Battle of Mogadishu began on 21 March 2007 in the Shirkole area of Mogadishu between Somali Transitional Federal Government forces and allied Ethiopian troops, and Islamist insurgents. The battle usually includes the dates, when reference ...

*** 8–16 November 2007

Battle of Mogadishu (November 2007) The Third Battle of Mogadishu, in November 2007, was a series of confrontations in Mogadishu, Somalia in which 91 people died, mostly civilians killed by Ethiopian troops. The battle is called the Third Battle, or will include the date, in order ...

*** 19–20 April 2008

Battle of Mogadishu (2008) The 2008 Battle of Mogadishu began when soldiers from Ethiopia, Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) entered parts of the capital held by the insurgency on 19 April, sparking heavy street fighting in the northern part of the city. The battle ...

*** 31 May – 3 June 2007 Battle of Bargal (2007) *** 1–26 July 2008

Battle of Beledweyne (2008) A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

*** 8 July 2008 – 26 January 2009 Siege of Baidoa *** 20–22 August 2008

Battle of Kismayo (2008) The Battle of Kismayo began on August 20, 2008 when islamist fighters took the battle to the militias loyal to warlord Barre Hiiraale in Kismayo. Fighters began an offensive to conquer the Southern Somali port of Kismayo from the pro-government mi ...

** 2000 – ''ongoing''

Piracy off the coast of Somalia Piracy off the coast of Somalia occurs in the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel, and Indian Ocean, in Somali territorial waters and other surrounding places and has a long troubled history with different perspectives from different communities. I ...

*** 18 March 2006 Action of 18 March 2006 *** 29 October 2007

Dai Hong Dan incident The ''Dai Hong Dan'' incident took place on 29October 2007, when the North Korean cargo vessel MV ''Dai Hong Dan'' () was attacked and temporarily seized by Somali pirates in the Indian Ocean off Somalia. The following day, the crew of the ves ...

*** 8 December 2008 – ''ongoing''

Operation Atalanta Operation Atalanta, formally European Union Naval Force (EU NAVFOR) Somalia, is an ongoing counter-piracy military operation at sea off the Horn of Africa and in the Western Indian Ocean, that is the first naval operation conducted by the ...

**** 16 September 2008

Carré d'As IV incident On September 2, 2008, the French yacht ''Carré d'As IV'' and its two crew were captured in the Gulf of Aden by seven armed Somali pirates, who demanded the release of six pirates captured in the April MY ''Le Ponant'' raid and over one mill ...

**** 9 April 2009

April 2009 raid off Somalia The April 2009 raid off Somalia was a military operation conducted by France and Germany to retake the French yacht ''Tanit'' on 9 April 2009, a yacht which had been captured by Somali pirates on 4 April 2009. It occurred during Operation Ata ...

*** 17 August 2009 – ''ongoing''

Operation Ocean Shield Operation Ocean Shield was NATO's contribution to Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA), an anti-piracy initiative in the Indian Ocean, Guardafui Channel, Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea. It follows the earlier Operation All ...

**** 30 March 2010

Action of 30 March 2010 The action of 30 March 2010 was a naval battle involving a patrol boat of the Seychelles Coast Guard and two groups of Piracy in Somalia, Somali pirate vessels. The encounter resulted in the freeing of twenty-seven hostages held by the pirates ...

**** 18–21 January 2011 MV Beluga Nomination incident *** 6 May 2010

MV Moscow University hijacking On 5 May 2010, Somali pirates hijacked , a Liberian-flagged Russian tanker, in the Gulf of Aden. Her crew was freed by the Russian Navy destroyer the following day. Hijacking The Russian tanker MV ''Moscow University'' () was attacked on 5 ...

*** 12 January 2012 Attack on Spanish oiler Patiño ** 31 January 2009 – ''ongoing''

Somali Civil War (2009–present) The Somali Civil War (2009–present) (; ) is the List of ongoing military conflicts, ongoing phase of the Somali Civil War which is concentrated in southern and central Somalia. It began in late January 2009 with the present conflict mainly bet ...

*** 22 February 2009 2009 African Union base bombings in Mogadishu *** 24–25 February 2009

Battle of South Mogadishu The Battle of South Mogadishu occurred in the Somali capital of Mogadishu on February 24, 2009. The battle's name includes South, when referenced, in order to distinguish it amongst the nine major Battles of Mogadishu during the decades long So ...

*** 7 May – 1 October 2009

Battle of Mogadishu (2009) The Battle of Mogadishu (2009) started in May with an Islamist offensive, when rebels from al-Shabaab and Hizbul Islam attacked and captured government bases in the capital of Mogadishu. The fighting soon spread, causing hundreds of casualt ...

*** 11 May – 1 October 2009 Battle for Central Somalia (2009) *** 5 June 2009 Battle of Wabho *** 18 June 2009

2009 Beledweyne bombing The Beledweyne bombing was a bombing targeting Medina Hotel in Beledweyne, Somalia killing 57 and injuring 307 others. The attack On June 18, 2009, at around 10:30 am local time, an explosive-ladened Toyota car began to drive to the Medina Hot ...

*** 1–7 October 2009 Battle of Kismayo (2009) *** 10–14 January 2010

Battle of Beledweyne (2010) A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force c ...

*** May–July

2010 Ayn clashes 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sp ...

*** 1 May 2010 Mogadishu bombings *** 20 July 2010 2010 Kenya–Al-Shabaab border clash *** 8 August – 17 October 2010

Galgala campaign The Galgala campaign was a military campaign autonomous Puntland region of Somalia, that took place periodically from 8 August until 1 October 2014. It was aimed at re-gaining control of the Galgala hills,allafricabr>Somaliland 'Loots' Air Carg ...

*** 23 August 2010 – 6 August 2011

Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011) The Battle of Mogadishu (2010–11) began on 23 August 2010 when al-Shabaab insurgents began attacking government and African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM) positions in the Somali capital of Mogadishu. Al-Shabaab began its offensive after i ...

*** 27 April 2011 Battle of Gedo *** 4 October 2011 Mogadishu bombing *** 16 October 2011 – June 2012

Operation Linda Nchi Operation Linda Nchi (; "Protect the Country") was the Kenya Defence Forces' invasion of southern Somalia beginning in 2011. The Kenyan government declared the operation completed in March 2012, but its forces then joined AMISOM in Somalia. ...

**** 28 September – 1 October 2012

Battle of Kismayo (2012) The Battle of Kismayo was an offensive led by the Kenya Defence Forces, under the codename Operation Sledge Hammer, to seize the port city of Kismayo, Somalia, from Al-Shabaab (militant group), Al-Shabaab from 28 September 2012. Members of the ...

*** 11 January 2013

Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt On 11 January 2013, the Military of France, French military launched an unsuccessful operation in Bulo Marer, Lower Shabelle, Somalia to rescue French hostage Denis Allex from the militant Islamism, Islamist organization Al-Shabaab (militant g ...

** 2001 – 2021 War on Terrorism *** 7 October 2002 – ''ongoing''

**** 3 March 2008 Dobley airstrike **** 1 May 2008 Dhusamareb airstrike **** 8–12 April 2009

Maersk Alabama hijacking The ''Maersk Alabama'' hijacking began on 8 April 2009, when four pirates in the Somali Basin seized the Danish/U.S. cargo ship at a distance of southeast of Eyl, Somalia. The siege ended after a rescue effort by the United States Navy on A ...

**** 14 September 2009 2009 Baraawe raid **** 25 January 2012

Rescue of Jessica Buchanan and Poul Hagen Thisted On January 25, 2012, a team of United States Navy SEALs raided a compound 12 miles north of the Somali city of Adado, killing nine Somali pirates and freeing their hostages, American Jessica Buchanan and Dane Poul Hagen Thisted. Backgroun ...

**2023 – ''present''

Las Anod conflict (2023–present) The Las Anod conflict () is an ongoing armed conflict between the Somaliland National Army and the Khatumo State, Khaatumo SSC (Sool, Sanaag and Cayn regions) forces of the Dhulbahante clan around Las Anod, the capital of the Sool, Somalia, Soo ...

**2024 – ''present''

Constitutional crisis in Somalia A constitutional crisis developed in Somalia when the President of Somalia, Somali President, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, changed the Constitution of Somalia on April 30, 2024. The change was strongly opposed by the President of Puntland, Said Abdullah ...

***11 December 2024 – ''present''

Jubaland crisis The Jubaland crisis is an ongoing armed conflict in southern Somalia. Stemming from a constitutional dispute between the Somali Federal Government (led by President, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and Prime Minister, Hamza Abdi Barre) and the autonomou ...

Indian Ocean islands The islands of the Indian Ocean are part of either the eastern, western, or southern areas. Some prominently large islands include Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands. Eastern Indian Oc ...

Comoros The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city is Moroni, ...

* May 13, 1978 1978 Comorian coup d'état * September 28 – October 3, 1995

Operation Azalee Operation Azalee was an expedition staged by France – involving its armed forces and special forces – which took place in 1995 to remove the provisional government of the Comoros that was led and put into power by French mercenary Bob Denar ...

* April 30, 1999 1999 Comorian coup d'état * March 25, 2008 Invasion of Anjouan

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

*1883–1885

First Madagascar expedition The First Madagascar expedition was the beginning of the Franco-Hova War and consisted of a French military expedition against the Merina Kingdom on the island of Madagascar in 1883. It was followed by the Second Madagascar expedition in 1895. ...

*1894–1895

Second Madagascar expedition The Second Madagascar expedition was a French military intervention which took place in 1894–1895, sealing the conquest of the Merina Kingdom on the island of Madagascar by France. It was the last phase of the Franco-Hova War and followed th ...

*1942

Battle of Madagascar The Battle of Madagascar (5 May – 6 November 1942) was an Allied campaign to capture the Vichy French-controlled island Madagascar during World War II. The seizure of the island by the British was to deny Madagascar's ports to the Imperial ...

(World War II) *1947 – 1949

Malagasy Uprising The Malagasy Uprising (; ) was a Malagasy nationalist rebellion against French colonial rule in Madagascar, lasting from March 1947 to February 1949. Starting in late 1945, Madagascar's first French National Assembly deputies, Joseph Raseta, ...

*26 January – 7 November 2009

2009 Malagasy political crisis The 2009 Malagasy political crisis began on 26 January 2009 with the political opposition movement led by Antananarivo mayor Andry Rajoelina, which sought to oust President Marc Ravalomanana from the presidency. The crisis reached its climax in ...

*2009 2009 Camp Capsat mutiny

Mauritius Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Ag ...

*August 20, 1810 – August 27, 1810

Battle of Grand Port The Battle of Grand Port was a naval battle fought on 20–27 August 1810 between squadrons of frigates from the French Navy and the British Royal Navy over possession of the harbour of Grand Port on Île de France (now Mauritius), as part of ...

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Seychellois Creole: ), is an island country and archipelagic state consisting of 155 islands (as per the Constitution) in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, Victoria, ...

*4–5 June 1977

1977 Seychelles coup d'état The 1977 Seychelles coup d'état was a coup that occurred in the East African and Indian Ocean country of Seychelles on 4–5 June 1977. Between 60–200 supporters of the Seychelles People's United Party (SPUP), who had been training in Tanz ...

*25 November 1981

1981 Seychelles coup attempt The 1981 Seychelles coup d'état attempt, sometimes referred to as the Seychelles affair or Operation Angela, was a failed South African–orchestrated coup to overthrow the government of Prime Minister France-Albert René in Seychelles and re ...

North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...

Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...

*264 BCE – 146 BCE

Punic Wars The Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between the Roman Republic and the Ancient Carthage, Carthaginian Empire during the period 264 to 146BC. Three such wars took place, involving a total of forty-three years of warfare on both land and ...

*112 BCE – 106 BCE

Jugurthine War The Jugurthine War (; 112–106 BC) was an armed conflict between the Roman Republic and King Jugurtha of Numidia, a kingdom on the north African coast approximating to modern Algeria. Jugurtha was the nephew and adopted son of Micipsa, ki ...

*420s

Vandals The Vandals were a Germanic people who were first reported in the written records as inhabitants of what is now Poland, during the period of the Roman Empire. Much later, in the fifth century, a group of Vandals led by kings established Vand ...

conquer the Roman province *June 533 – March 534

Vandalic War The Vandalic War (533–534) was a conflict fought in North Africa between the forces of the Byzantine Empire (also known as the Eastern Roman Empire) and the Germanic Vandal Kingdom. It was the first war of Emperor Justinian I's , wherein the ...

*544 – Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic *647 – 709

Muslim conquest of the Maghreb The conquest of the Maghreb by the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates commenced in 647 and concluded in 709, when the Byzantine Empire lost its last remaining strongholds to Caliph Al-Walid I. The North African campaigns were part of the century ...

*1518 Fall of Tlemcen *1529 Capture of Peñón of Algiers * September 14, 1769 – May 16, 1772 Danish–Algerian War *1830 – 1847

French conquest of Algeria The French conquest of Algeria (; ) took place between 1830 and 1903. In 1827, an argument between Hussein Dey, the ruler of the Regency of Algiers, and the French consul (representative), consul escalated into a blockade, following which the Jul ...

*1835 – 1903

Pacification of Algeria The pacification of Algeria, also known as the Algerian genocide, refers to violent military operations between 1830 and 1875 during the French conquest of Algeria, that often involved ethnic cleansing, massacres and forced displacement, aimed a ...

*June 10, 1940 – May 13, 1943

North African Campaign The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis Powers. It included campaigns in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert campaign, Desert Wa ...

(World War II) *May 8, 1945

Sétif and Guelma massacre The Sétif and Guelma massacre (also called the Sétif, Guelma and Kherrata massacres or the massacres of 8 May 1945) was a series of massacres by French colonial authorities and '' pied-noir'' European settler militias on Algerian civilians in ...

*1954 – 1962

Algerian War The Algerian War (also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence) ''; '' (and sometimes in Algeria as the ''War of 1 November'') was an armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (Algeri ...

**1 November 1954

Toussaint Rouge (, "Red All Saints' Day"), also known as ("Bloody All-Saints' Day") is a series of 70 attacks committed by militant members of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) that took place on 1 November 1954—the Catholic festival of All S ...

**18 January 1955

Battle of Douar Souadek The Battle of Douar Souadek, or Battle of Boukerker, was a military engagement between the French Army, and the ALN. Background In the early morning hours of 1 November 1954, FLN ''maquisards'' (guerrillas) attacked military and civilian targ ...

**18 January – 24 February 1955 Operation Véronique **September 1955

First Battle of El Djorf The First Battle of El Djorf (or El-Djorf, also known as Djeurf in French) took place on 22 September 1955, during the Algerian War, between the National Liberation Army and the French Army. Background The battle occurred a year after the sta ...

**20 August 1955

Battle of Philippeville The Battle of Philippeville, also known as the Philippeville massacre or the August Offensive, was a series of raids launched on 20 August 1955 on various cities and towns of the Constantine region by FLN insurgents and armed mobs during th ...

**April 1956 — 1 October 1956 Operation Blue Bird **30 September 1956 — 24 September 1957 Battle of Algiers **23 May 1957 — 25 May 1957 Battle of Agounennda **4 – 12 August 1957 Battle of Bouzegza **21 January 1958 – 28 May 1958 Battle of the borders (Algerian war) **13 May 1958

May 1958 crisis The May 1958 crisis (), also known as the Algiers putsch or the coup of 13 May, was a political crisis in France during the turmoil of the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962) which led to the collapse of the Fourth Republic and its repla ...

**28–31 May 1958

Battle of Bab El Bekkouche The Battle of Bab El Bekkouche during the Algerian War took place on 28 May 1958 in the region of Ouarsenis. The French army had mobilized nearly 8,000 soldiers. Faced with this situation, the "katiba El karimia" of the Wilaya IV, commanded by S ...

**July 1959 — March 1960

Operation Jumelles Operation Jumelles () was a military operation which was part of the Algerian War in Kabylia Kabylia or Kabylie (; in Kabyle: Tamurt n leqbayel; in Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴻⵇⴱⴰⵢⴻⵍ; ), meaning "Land of the Tribes" ...

**21 April 1961 — 26 April 1961

Algiers putsch The Algiers putsch (; or ), also known as the putsch of the generals (), was a failed coup d'état intended to force French President Charles de Gaulle not to abandon French Algeria, the resident European community and pro-French Algerians. Orga ...

**23 March 1962 — 6 April 1962

Battle of Bab El Oued The Battle of Bab el Oued () was a violent confrontation which occurred during the latter stages of the Algerian War (1954–1962) between the French Army and the Organisation armée secrète (OAS) which opposed Algerian independence. It took ...

*5 July – 9 September 1962

1962 Algerian crisis Year 196 ( CXCVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dexter and Messalla (or, less frequently, year 949 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 196 for this yea ...

*September 25, 1963 – February 20, 1964

Sand War The Sand War () was a border conflict between Algeria and Morocco fought from September 25 to October 30, 1963, although a formal peace treaty was not signed until February 20, 1964. It resulted largely from the Moroccan government's claim to ...

*September 29, 1963 – October 1964

Socialist Forces Front rebellion in Algeria The Socialist Forces Front rebellion in Algeria took place in the Kabylia region of northern Algeria by the Socialist Forces Front (FFS) rebelling against the Algerian government under the National Liberation Front (FLN). The rebellion was swif ...

*19 June 1965

1965 Algerian coup d'état Events January–February * January 14 – The First Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lynd ...

*14 – 16 December 1967

1967 Algerian coup attempt The 1967 Algerian coup attempt was a failed attempt to overthrow the President of Algeria, Algerian President Houari Boumédiène by the Chief of Staff of the People's National Army, Chief of Staff of the Algerian People's National Army, Colonel T ...

*1970 – ongoing

Western Sahara conflict The Western Sahara conflict is an ongoing conflict between the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic/Polisario Front and the Morocco, Kingdom of Morocco. The conflict originated from an insurgency by the Polisario Front against Spanish colonial ...

*1991 – 2002

Algerian Civil War The Algerian Civil War (), known in Algeria as the Black Decade (, ), was a civil war fought between the Algerian government and various Islamist rebel groups from 11 January 1992 (following a 1992 Algerian coup d'état, coup negating an Islami ...

**11 January 1992

1992 Algerian coup d'état The 1992 Algerian coup d'état took place on 11 January 1992. Concerned by the FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) victory in the first round of the 1991 Algerian parliamentary election, 1991 parliamentary election, the army took action and cancelled th ...

**3 April 1997 — 4 April 1997

Thalit massacre The Thalit massacre took place in Thalit village (Médéa, near Ksar el Boukhari), some 70 km from Algiers, on April 3–4, 1997 during the Algerian Civil War. Fifty-two out of the 53 inhabitants were killed by having their throats cut durin ...

**22 April 1997

Haouch Khemisti massacre The Haouch Khemisti massacre took place before dawn on April 22, 1997, in the Algerian village of Haouch Mokhfi Khemisti, some 25 km south of Algiers near Bougara. An armed group killed 93 villagers in a 3 hour long attack because they refused ...

**16 June 1997 Daïat Labguer (M'sila) Massacre **27 July 1997 Si Zerrouk massacre **3 August 1997

Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre The Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre took place on August 2, 1997. This massacre occurred between two villages near Arib in the ''wilaya'' of Tipaza and Ain Defla, Algeria. Around 100 people were killed as a result of the massacre. This massacr ...

**20 August 1997 — August 21, 1997

Souhane massacre The largest of the Souhane massacres occurred in the small mountain town of Souhane (about 25 km south of Algiers, between Larbaa and Tablat) on 20–21 August 1997. 64 people were killed, and 15 women were kidnapped; the resulting terro ...

**26 August 1997 Beni Ali massacre **28 August 1997 Rais massacre **5 September 1997 — 6 September 1997 Beni Messous massacre **19 September 1997 — 20 September 1997

Guelb El-Kebir massacre The Guelb El-Kebir massacre took place in the village of Guelb el-Kebir, near Beni Slimane, in the Algerian province of Medea, on 20 September 1997. 53 people were killed by attackers that were not immediately identified, though the attack was ...

**22 September 1997 — 23 September 1997

Bentalha massacre In the village of Bentalha (Arabic: بن طلحة), located 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Algiers, an incident occurred on the night of 22–23 September 1997, where a significant number of villagers were killed by armed guerrillas. Accordi ...

**23 December 1997 — 24 December 1997

Sid El-Antri massacre The Sid El-Antri massacre took place on the night of 23–24 December 1997 in two small villages near Tiaret, Algeria. The death toll is unclear; Reuters cites "at least 80", or 48 according to the government. ''Le Jeune Independent'' reported 1 ...

**30 December 1997 Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 30 December 1997 *2002 – ''ongoing''

**2007 – ''ongoing''

**16–19 January 2013

In Amenas hostage crisis The In Amenas hostage crisis began on 16 January 2013, when al-Qaeda-linked terrorists affiliated with a brigade led by Mokhtar Belmokhtar took expat hostages at the Tigantourine gas facility near In Amenas, Algeria. One of Belmokhtar's sen ...

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

*1803–1807

Muhammad Ali's seizure of power Muhammad Ali rose to power in Egypt following a long, four-way civil war between the Ottoman Empire, "Egyptian" Mamluks who had ruled Egypt for centuries, and Albanian mercenaries in the service of the Ottomans. The conflict ended in victory f ...

*1881–1899

*June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943:

, part of

*1952

Battle of Ismailia (1952) The Battle of Ismailia was an armed confrontation which took place in the Egyptian city of Ismailia on 25 January 1952 between the British Army and Egyptian police. After British forces led by George Erskine tracked a group of ''fedayeen'' to ...

*1952

1952 Egyptian revolution The Egyptian revolution of 1952, also known as the 1952 coup d'état () and the 23 July Revolution (), was a period of profound political, economic, and societal change in Egypt. On 23 July 1952, the revolution began with the toppling of King ...

*1956

Suez Crisis The Suez Crisis, also known as the Second Arab–Israeli War, the Tripartite Aggression in the Arab world and the Sinai War in Israel, was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956. Israel invaded on 29 October, having done so w ...

*1967

Six-Day War The Six-Day War, also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab world, Arab states, primarily United Arab Republic, Egypt, Syria, and Jordan from 5 to 10June ...

*1970

War of Attrition The War of Attrition (; ) involved fighting between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and their allies from 1967 to 1970. Following the 1967 Six-Day War, no serious diplomatic efforts were made to resolve t ...

*1973

Yom Kippur War The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was fought from 6 to 25 October 1973 between Israel and a coalition of Arab world, Arab states led by Egypt and S ...

*1977 Libyan–Egyptian War *1981 – ''present''

Terrorism in Egypt Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war a ...

**2011 – 2023

Sinai insurgency The Sinai insurgency was an insurgency campaign in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt launched by Islamist militants against Egyptian security forces, which also included attacks on civilians. The insurgency began during the Egyptian Crisis, duri ...

**2013 – ''ongoing'' Terrorism in Egypt (2013–present) *1986

1986 Egyptian conscripts riot The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. ** Spain and Portugal en ...

*2011 – 2014

Egyptian crisis (2011–14) ''Egyptian'' describes something of, from, or related to Egypt. Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to: Nations and ethnic groups * Egyptians, a national group in North Africa ** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of year ...

**January 25 – February 11, 2011 Egyptian Revolution **12 February 2011 – 30 June 2012 2011-2012 Egypt protests **November 22, 2012 – July 3, 2013

2012–13 Egyptian protests 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sp ...

**June 28, 2013 – July 3, 2013

June 2013 Egyptian protests The 30 June protests occurred in Egypt on 30 June 2013, marking the one-year anniversary of Mohamed Morsi's inauguration as president. The events ended with the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état after mass protests across Egypt demanding the immediat ...

**July 3, 2013

2013 Egyptian coup d'état The 2013 Egyptian coup d'etat or the Counter-revolutionary, Counter-revolution is an event that took place on 3 July 2013. Egyptian army chief General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi led a coalition to remove the democratically elected President of Egypt ...

**3 July 2013 – 8 June 2014

Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014) Protests against the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état erupted in July 2013. Immediately following the removal of President Mohamed Morsi by the Egyptian Armed Forces on 3 July 2013 amid demonstrations against Morsi's rule, many protesters amassed ne ...

***8 July 2013

Republican Guard headquarters clashes On the morning of 8 July 2013 at the Republican Guard (Egypt), Republican Guard headquarters in Cairo, Egypt there was a clash between protesters seeking the return of deposed President Mohamed Morsi, and the military, who were protecting the i ...

***19 September 2013 Raid on Kerdasa ***19 July 2014

2014 Farafra ambush The 2014 Farafra ambush (also called 2014 Al-Wadi Al-Gedid attack) occurred on 19 July 2014 when unidentified gunmen ambushed a desert checkpoint in the Farafra Oasis Road in Egypt's New Valley Governorate. Twenty-two border guards were killed i ...

*4–14 April 2014

2014 Aswan tribal clashes The Aswan tribal clashes were a series of clashes east of Egypt's southern city of Aswan between two local ethnic tribes: the Arab Al-Halayel (Beni Helal) clan and the Nubian Al-Dabodeya family. Shootings and stabbing occurred throughout the city ...

Libya Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya border, the east, Sudan to Libya–Sudan border, the southeast, Chad to Chad–L ...

* 1279 BC – 1213 BC Ramesses II's Campaigns in Libya *264 BC – 146 BC

*112 BC – 106 BC

*420s

Vandal The Vandals were a Germanic people who were first reported in the written records as inhabitants of what is now Poland, during the period of the Roman Empire. Much later, in the fifth century, a group of Vandals led by kings established Vandal ...

conquer the Roman province *461 - 468

Vandal War (461–468) The Vandal War (461–468) was a long-term conflict between the two halves of the Roman Empire on the one hand and the Vandals in North Africa on the other. The war revolved around hegemony in the Mediterranean and the western empire. The Vandals ...

*June 533 – March 534

*544 Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic *647 – 709

Ottoman–Habsburg wars The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were fought from the 16th to the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy, which was at times supported by the Kingdom of Hungary, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Holy Roman Empire, The ...

**1551

Siege of Tripoli The siege of Tripoli lasted from 1102 until 12 July 1109. It took place on the site of the present day Lebanese city of Tripoli, Lebanon, Tripoli, in the aftermath of the First Crusade. It led to the establishment of the fourth crusader state, t ...

*1711 1711 Karamanli coup *1793 – 1795

Tripolitanian civil war The Tripolitanian civil war was a conflict from 1790 to 1795 which occurred in Tripolitania – inside what is today the country of Libya. It involved a war of succession between leading members of the Karamanli dynasty, an intervention by Ottom ...

*1797

Action of 16 May 1797 The Action of 16 May 1797 was a naval battle that took place near Tripoli in Ottoman Tripolitania (present-day Libya). The Danish squadron was attacked by a Tripolitan squadron that outnumbered them in number of vessels. Background After the n ...

*1801 – 05

First Barbary War The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitan War and the Barbary Coast War, was a conflict during the 1801–1815 Barbary Wars, in which the United States fought against Ottoman Tripolitania. Tripolitania had declared war ...

*1825 Sardinian-Tripolitanian war of 1825 *1911 – 43

Libyan resistance movement Demographics of Libya is the demography of Libya, specifically covering population density, ethnicity, and religious affiliations, as well as other aspects of the Libyan population. All figures are from the United Nations Demographic Yearbook ...

*1911 – 12

Italo-Turkish War The Italo-Turkish (, "Tripolitanian War", , "War of Libya"), also known as the Turco-Italian War, was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911 to 18 October 1912. As a result of this conflict, Italy captur ...

*June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943

Western Desert Campaign The Western Desert campaign (Desert War) took place in the Sahara Desert, deserts of Egypt and Libya and was the main Theater (warfare), theatre in the North African campaign of the Second World War. Military operations began in June 1940 with ...

, part of

*1 September 1969

1969 Libyan revolution The 1969 Libyan revolution, also known as the al-Fateh Revolution or 1 September Revolution, was a coup d'état and revolution carried out by the Free Officers Movement, a group of Arab nationalist and Nasserist officers in the Libyan Army, ...

*7 December 1969

1969 Libyan coup attempt Having taken power in a coup three months earlier, Muammar Gaddafi faced a mutiny by army and interior ministers Moussa Ahmed and Adam Hawaz, both from the eastern Barqa region. The pair were routed and imprisoned in the first of Gaddafi's many ...

*1970

Black Prince conspiracy The Black Prince conspiracy was a 1970 coup plot by former officers of the Libyan Kingdom to overthrow Muammar Gaddafi's newly established regime and restore the Senussi monarchy, which had ruled Libya until the 1969 Libyan Revolution. The con ...

*21 – 24 July 1977 Egyptian-Libyan War *29 January 1978 – 11 September 1987 Chadian-Libyan conflict **16 December 1986 – 11 September 1987

*August 19, 1981

Gulf of Sidra incident (1981) In the first Gulf of Sidra incident, 19 August 1981, two Libyan Sukhoi Su-17, Sukhoi Su-22M3 Fitter-G fired upon two United States, U.S. F-14 Tomcat, Grumman F-14A Tomcats and were subsequently shot down off the Libyan coast. Libya had claimed t ...

*May 8, 1984 Bab al-Azizia siege *March 24, 1986

Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986) In the Action in the Gulf of Sidra, codenamed Operation Prairie Fire, the United States Navy deployed aircraft carrier groups in the disputed Gulf of Sidra in the Mediterranean Sea. Libya had claimed that the entire Gulf was their territory, at ...

*15 April 1986

1986 United States bombing of Libya The United States Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps carried out air strikes, code-named Operation El Dorado Canyon, against Libya on 15 April 1986 in retaliation for the West Berlin discotheque bombing ten days earlier, which U.S. President Ro ...

*4 January 1989

1989 air battle near Tobruk On 4 January 1989, two Grumman F-14A Tomcats of the United States Navy shot down two Libyan-operated Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23ML Flogger-G which the American aircrews believed were attempting to engage and attack them, as had happened eight years ...

*22 October 1993

1993 Libyan coup attempt The 1993 coup d'état was a failed military coup initiated by the Warfalla senior military officers against Libyan leader Muammar el-Qaddafi on 22 October 1993. The coup was led by Khalifa Haftar, a leading senior officer in the Libyan Army who ...

*2002 – ''ongoing''

*November 2008 2008 Kufra conflict *2011 – ''present''

Libyan crisis Demographics of Libya is the demography of Libya, specifically covering population density, ethnicity, and religious affiliations, as well as other aspects of the Libyan population. All figures are from the United Nations Demographic Yearbooks ...

**2011

First Libyan Civil War The Libyan civil war, also known as the First Libyan Civil War and Libyan Revolution, was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya that was fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and rebel groups that were ...

***February 15 — 20, 2011

First Battle of Benghazi The First Battle of Benghazi was fought between army units and militiamen loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and anti-Gaddafi forces in February 2011 during the Libyan Civil War. The battle mainly took place in Benghazi, the second-largest ...

***February 17 — 25, 2011

Tripoli protests and clashes (February 2011) The Tripoli protests and clashes were a series of confrontations between Libyan anti-government demonstrators and forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi in the capital city of Tripoli that took place in February 2011, at the beginning ...

***February 18 — May 15, 2011

Battle of Misrata (2011) The battle of Misrata (), also known as the siege of Misrata, was a battle of the 2011 2011 Libyan Civil War, Libyan Civil War for the control of Misrata. It was fought between troops loyal to the government of Muammar Gaddafi, and anti-Gadd ...

***February 24 — March 10, 2011

First Battle of Zawiya The First Battle of Zawiya or Zawia was a battle during the Libyan Civil War between army units and militiamen loyal to Muammar Gaddafi and anti-Gaddafi forces for control of the city of Zawia. The city quickly fell into rebels hands with so ...

***March 1 — August 18, 2011

2011 Nafusa Mountains campaign The Nafusa Mountains campaign was a series of battles in the Libyan Civil War, fought between loyalist pro-Gaddafi forces and rebel anti-Gaddafi forces in the Nafusa Mountains and, at a later period, in the surrounding plains of western Lib ...

****April 21, 2011

Battle of Wazzin The Battle of Wazzin was a conflict during the Libyan Civil War for the Libyan-Tunisian border Borders are generally defined as geography, geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by polity, politic ...

****August 13 — 18, 2011 Battle of Gharyan ***March 2, 2011

First Battle of Brega The First Battle of Brega was fought during the Libyan Civil War. It began when pro-Gaddafi government troops attacked the city, held by the National Transitional Council, in the early hours of 2 March 2011. The battle In the early hours of 2 Ma ...

***March 19 — October 31, 2011

2011 military intervention in Libya On 19 March 2011, a NATO-led coalition began a military intervention into the ongoing Libyan civil war (2011), Libyan Civil War to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (UNSCR 1973). The UN Security Council passed the reso ...

****March 19 — October 31, 2011

Operation Ellamy Operation Ellamy was the codename for the United Kingdom participation in the 2011 military intervention in Libya. The operation was part of an international coalition aimed at enforcing a Libyan no-fly zone in accordance with the United Natio ...

****March 19 — 31, 2,011 C.E.

Opération Harmattan Opération Harmattan was the French participation in the 2011 military intervention in Libya. It was named for the Harmattan, which are hot dry winds that blow over the Sahara, mostly between November and March. The United States' counterpart t ...

****March 19 — November 1, 2011

Operation Mobile Operation Mobile () was the name given to Canadian Forces activities in the 2011 military intervention in Libya. The United States' counterpart to this was Operation Odyssey Dawn, the French counterpart was Opération Harmattan and the Britis ...

****March 19 — 31, 2011

Operation Odyssey Dawn Operation Odyssey Dawn was the U.S. code name for the American role in the international military operation in Libya to enforce United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 during the initial period of 19–31 March 2011, which continued aft ...

****March 23 — October 31, 2011

Operation Unified Protector Operation Unified Protector was a NATO operation in 2011 enforcing United Nations United Nations Security Council, Security Council United Nations Security Council resolution, resolutions United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970, 1970 and ...

**2011 – 2014

Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014) Following the end of the First Libyan Civil War, which overthrew Muammar Gaddafi, there was violence involving various militias and the new state security forces. This violence escalated into the Second Libyan Civil War (2014–2020). The mili ...

***January 23 — 25, 2012 2012 Bani Walid uprising ***February 12 — July 1, 2012 2012 Kufra conflict ***March 25 — 31, 2012 2012 Sabha conflict ***June 4, 2012

2012 Tripoli airport clashes The 2012 Tripoli airport clashes occurred on 4 June 2012, after members of the Al-Awfea militia stormed the Tripoli International Airport as a measure to prompt the government's release of its jailed leader, Abu Oegeila al-Hebshi. Background The ...

***June 11 — 18, 2012 2012 Zintan clashes ***September 9. — October 26, 2012

Siege of Bani Walid (2012) The siege of Bani Walid was a military conflict in Libya. History Bani Walid is an oasis town in western Libya which has a historic rivalry with the city of Misrata. During the civil war in 2011, Bani Walid remained a bastion of support for th ...

***September 11 — 12, 2012

2012 Benghazi attack Members of the Islamic militant group Ansar al-Sharia carried out a coordinated attack against two United States government facilities in Benghazi, Libya, on September 11, 2012. At 9:40 p.m. local time, members of Ansar al-Sharia attacked ...

***June 8 — 15, 2013

2013 Benghazi conflict The 2013 Benghazi conflict is a part of the aftermath of the Libyan civil war, that began after clashes erupted between protesters and militants from the Libya Shield brigade on 8 June 2013. Background Since the Libyan Civil War that toppled t ...

***February 14 — May 2014

2014 Libyan coup attempts Two coup d'état attempts were reported to have been made in 2014 by forces loyal to Maj. Gen. Khalifa Haftar, the commander of Libyan Ground Forces. February Haftar reportedly took control of Libya's main institutions on the morning of 14 Februa ...

**2014 – 2020

Second Libyan Civil War The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes, and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of U ...

***July 13 — August 23, 2014

Battle of Tripoli Airport The Battle of Tripoli Airport was a major event that took place during the Second Libyan Civil War. It began on 13 July 2014 as part of a series of operations, dubbed " Libya Dawn" or " فجر ليبيا", conducted by a coalition of Islamist mi ...

***October 5, 2014 — April 21, 2016 ISIL takeover of Derna *** October 15, 2014 – December 30, 2017

Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017) The Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017) was a major battle of the Second Libyan Civil War that raged from October 2014 to December 2017, between the Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya, and the ...

***January 27, 2015 2015 Corinthia Hotel attack ***February 8 — 9, 2015

Fall of Nofaliya (2015) The Fall of Nofaliya refers to the takeover of the town of Nofaliya in Sirte District, Libya, by the self-declared Islamic State in February 2015. Events On 8 February 2015, a convoy of 40 heavily armed 4WD vehicles drove 140 km from ...

***February 12, 2015 – October 26, 2020

Egyptian intervention in Libya (2015–2020) The Egyptian intervention in Libya has been substantial since the beginning of the Libyan civil war. The intervention started after the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) released a video of the beheading of 21 Egyptians on 12 Februa ...

*** 13 November 2015 – 30 October 2019 U.S. intervention in Libya (2015–2019) *** 14 October 2016 – 14 November 2018

Western Libya clashes (2016–2018) Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia * Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that i ...

*** March 3 – 14 2017

Gulf of Sidra Offensive (2017) The Gulf of Sidra Offensive was an offensive of the Second Libyan Civil War. It was launched by the Benghazi Defense Brigades on 3 March 2017, and initially resulted in them taking control of a strip of coastal territory between the towns of Nofal ...

*** January – April 2019 Southern Libya offensive *** 4 April 2019 – 5 June 2020

Western Libya campaign The Western Libya campaign was a military campaign initiated on 4 April 2019 by the Operation Flood of Dignity () of the Libyan National Army (LNA), which represents the Libyan House of Representatives (Libya), House of Representatives, to capt ...

*** 5 January 2020 – ''present'' 2020 Turkish intervention in Libya *** June 6 – 11, 2020

Central Libya offensive The Central Libya offensive, officially known as Operation Paths to Victory, was a military offensive in Libya launched by the forces of the Government of National Accord, to take the city of Sirte and Al Jufra Airbase from the House of Representat ...

**March – December 2022

2022 Tripoli clashes The 2022 Tripoli clashes erupted between forces loyal to rival Libyan prime ministers Fathi Bashagha and Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh over the capital city of Tripoli. Background The Second Libyan Civil War ended with a ceasefire on 23 October 2020. ...

**14 – 15 August 2023

2023 Tripoli clashes In August 2023, clashes broke out in Tripoli, Libya, between the Special Deterrence Force (RADA) and the 444th Combat Brigade, two of the strongest military forces in the city. Both had supported the provisional Government of National Unity dur ...

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

*264 BCE – 146 BCE

*112 BCE – 106 BCE

*420s

conquer the Roman province *June 533 – March 534

*544 Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic *647–709

*739–743 Berber Revolt *1130–1147 Almoravid-Almohad War *1215–1269 Almohad-Marinid War *1125–1269 Almohad-Marinid War *1299–1370

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

-Kingdom of Tlemcen, Tlemcen conflict *1415–1578 Moroccan-Portuguese conflicts, Moroccan-Portuguese conflict *1465 Moroccan revolt, 1465 Moroccan Revolt *1527–1554 Wattassid-Saadian War *September 1497 Conquest of Melilla *1554–1830 Morocco, Moroccan-Ottoman Turks, Turkish border conflict *1577 A Moroccan people, Moroccan expedition occupied Taghaza *1582 A first expedition to Timbuktu was defeated *1591 A Moroccan people, Moroccan expeditionary force defeated the Songhai Empire, Songhay army at Tondibi and conquered Gao, Timbuktu and Djenné *1603–1627 Saadi dynasty#1603.E2.80.931627 : Succession war, War of Succession *1613–1666 Civil War *1844 First Franco-Moroccan War *1859 Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60), Spanish-Moroccan War *1893 Rif War (1893), Rif War *1909 Rif War (1909), Rif War *1911–1912 Second Franco-Moroccan War *1920–1926 Rif War *1914–1921 Zaian War *1942

*1957 – 1958 Ifni War *1958 – 1959 1958 Rif riots, Rif Revolt *1963 – 1964

*1970 – ''present''

**1973 – 1976 Sahrawi insurgency **1975 Green March **1975 – 1991 Western Sahara War **2020 – present Western Saharan clashes (2020–present) *July 10, 1971 1971 Moroccan coup attempt *August 16, 1972 1972 Moroccan coup attempt *April 11, 2002 – ''ongoing''

**6 February 2007 – ''ongoing''

*July 11 – 18, 2002 Perejil Island crisis *August 29, 2012 2012 Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera incident

Sudan

Nubia

* c. 3050 BCE Hor-Aha, the second pharaoh of Egypt, led a campaign against the Nubians

Kingdom of Kerma

* c. 1506 BCE – 1493 BCE During the reign of Thutmose I, the Kingdom of Kerma rebelled against Egyptian rule and Thutmose I traveled up the Nile and fought in the battle, killing the Nubian king.

New Kingdom of Egypt, Egyptian Empire

* c. 1282 BCE Seti I, Seti's military campaigns * c. 1279 BCE – 1213 BCE Ramesses II, Remesses II's campaigns in Nubia

Kingdom of Kush The Kingdom of Kush (; Egyptian language, Egyptian: 𓎡𓄿𓈙𓈉 ''kꜣš'', Akkadian language, Assyrian: ''Kûsi'', in LXX Χους or Αἰθιοπία; ''Ecōš''; ''Kūš''), also known as the Kushite Empire, or simply Kush, was an an ...

* 23 BCE The Roman prefect of Egypt invaded the Kingdom of Kush after an initial attack by the queen of Meröe, razing Napata to the ground * c. 300 CE

launched several military campaigns, destroying the Kingdom of Kush

Makuria, Kingdom of Makuria

* 1312 Mamluk Invasion

Sultanate of Darfur

* 1722–1786 Civil War

Egypt Eyalet, Egyptian Eyalet

* February 1820 – October 1822 Invasion of Libya and Sudan

Khedivate of Egypt

* 1899–1901 Rabih War ** 1874 Rabih az-Zubayr conquered the Sultanate of Darfur * 1881–1899 Mahdist War, The Mahdist War ** 3–5 November 1883 Battle of Shaykan, Battle of El Obeid ** 4–29 February 1884 First and Second Battles of El Teb ** 13 March 1884 Battle of Tamai ** 13 March 1884 – 26 January 1885 Siege of Khartoum ** 17 January 1885 Battle of Abu Klea ** 10 February 1885 Battle of Kirbekan ** 22 March 1885 Battle of Tofrek ** 30 December 1885 Battle of Ginnis ** 20 December 1888 Battle of Suakin ** 9–10 March 1889 Battle of Gallabat ** 17 July 1894 Battle of Kassala ** 7 June 1896 Battle of Ferkeh ** 8 April 1898 Battle of Atbara ** 2 September 1898 Battle of Omdurman ** 25 November 1899 Battle of Umm Diwaykarat

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

* 28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918

** 29 October 1914 – 30 October 1918 Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle Eastern theatre *** 1914–1918 North African theatre (World War I), North African theatre **** 19 November 1915 – February 1917 Senussi campaign, Senussi Campaign * 1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945

** 10 June 1940 – 2 May 1945

*** 10 June 1940 – 27 November 27 1941 East African Campaign **** 3–19 August 1940

**** 5 February 1941 – 1 April 1941

**** 4–19 May 1941 Battle of Amba Alagi (1941), Battle of Amba Alagi **** 13–27 November 1941 Battle of Gondar

Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969), Republic of the Sudan

* 18 August 1955 – 27 March 1972

** 17 November 1958 1958 Sudanese coup d'état ** 25 May 1969 1969 Sudanese coup d'état

Sudan, Republic of the Sudan

* 5 June 1983 – 9 January 2005

** 6 April 1985 1985 Sudanese coup d'état ** 30 June 1989 1989 Sudanese coup d'état * 1987 – ''present''

* 20 August 1998 Operation Infinite Reach * 2003 – 2020 War in Darfur ** 10 – 12 May 2008 2008 Omdurman attack * 2006

* 2008 – ''ongoing''

** 12 June 2009 2009 Sobat River ambush ** 23 May 2010 2010 South Darfur clash * January – February 2009 2009 Sudan airstrikes * 2011 – 2020

Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile The Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile was an armed conflict and insurgency in the Sudanese states of South Kordofan and Blue Nile (state), Blue Nile (known as the Two Areas) between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan Pe ...

* 2012

* 19 December 2018 – 10 October 2019 Sudanese Revolution ** 11 April 2019 2019 Sudanese coup d'état * 2021 Sudanese coup d'état 2021 Sudanese coup d'état * 2022 – 2023 Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023) * 2023 – ''present'' Sudanese civil war (2023–present), Sudanese Civil War

Tunisia

Ancient Carthage, Carthaginian Empire

* 264–146 BCE

** 264–241 BCE First Punic War *** 255 BCE Siege of Aspis *** 255 BCE Siege of Adys *** 255 BCE Battle of the Bagradas River (255 BC), Battle of Tunis ** 240–238 BCE Mercenary War *** Spring 240 BCE Battle of Utica *** Autumn 240 BCE Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC), Battle of the Bagradas River *** Autumn 240 BCE Hamilcar's victory with Naravas, Hamilcar's victory with Navaras *** 238 BCE Battle of the Saw, Battle of "The Saw" *** 238 BCE Siege of Tunis (Mercenary War), Siege of Tunis ** 218–201 BCE Second Punic War *** 203 BCE Battle of Utica (203 BC), Battle of Utica *** 203 BCE Battle of the Great Plains *** 19 October 202 BCE Battle of Zama ** 149–146 BCE Third Punic War *** 147 BCE Battle of the Port of Carthage *** 147 BCE Battle of Nepheris (147 BC), Battle of Nepheris *** c. 149 BCE – Spring 146 BCE Battle of Carthage (149 BC), Battle of Carthage

Numidia, Kingdom of Numidia

* 112–106 BCE

** 111–104 BCE Siege of Thala, Battle of Thala ** 110 BCE Battle of Suthul ** 108 BCE Battle of the Muthul

Africa (Roman province), Roman Province of Africa

* 238 CE Battle of Carthage (238), Battle of Carthage * 429 CE - 432 Vandal conquest of Roman Africa * 439 CE Vandal War (439-442): Genseric broke the treaty between the

and the Romans when he invaded the province of Africa (Roman province), Africa Proconsularis and laid siege to Carthage. * 461 CE - 468

** 468 CE Battle of Cape Bon (468), Battle of Cap Bon

Vandal Kingdom

* June 533 – Mach 534

** 13 September 533 Battle of Ad Decimum ** 15 December 533 Battle of Tricamarum

Praetorian prefecture of Africa, Byzantine Praetorian Prefecture of Africa

* Praetorian prefecture of Africa, The Moorish Wars ** 534 First Moorish uprising ** 536 Military mutiny ** 544 Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic * 577 Conflict with Moorish kingdom of Garmul

Exarchate of Africa, Byzantine Exarchate of Africa

* 647–709

** 698 Battle of Carthage (698), Battle of Carthage

Aghlabids

* 824–836 Military mutiny * 879–880 Invasion of al-Abbas ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun

Fatimid Caliphate

* 909 Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid conquest of Ifriqiya from the Aghlabids * 943–947 Rebellion of Abu Yazid

Almohad Caliphate

* 1160 Ifriqiya conquered and annexed by the Almohad Caliphate, Almohads * 1171–1172 Conquest of North Africa and Nubia by the Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubid Dynasty

Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubid Dynasty

* 1171–1172 Conquest of North Africa and Nubias by the Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubid Dynasty

Hafsid dynasty, Hafsid Dynasty

* 1269 Eighth Crusade

Ottoman Tunisia

* 1526–1791 Ottoman–Habsburg wars, Ottoman-Habsburg wars ** 16 August 1534 Conquest of Tunis (1534), Conquest of Tunis ** June 1535 Conquest of Tunis (1535), Conquest of Tunis ** 12 July – 13 September 1574 Conquest of Tunis (1574), Conquest of Tunis

French protectorate of Tunisia, French Protectorate of Tunisia

* 1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945

** 10 June 1940 – 2 May 1945

*** 10 June 1940 – 13 May 1943 North African campaign, North African Campaign **** 17 November 1942 – 13 May 1943 Tunisian campaign, Tunisia Campaign ***** 10 November – 25 December 1942 Run for Tunis ***** February – May 1943 Battle of Sedjenane ***** 14–17 February 1943 Battle of Sidi Bou Zid ***** 19–25 February 1943 Battle of Kasserine Pass, Battle of the Kasserine Pass ***** 6 March 1943 Battle of Medenine ***** 16–27 March 1943 Battle of the Mareth Line, Operation Pugilist ***** 23 March – 3 April 1943 Battle of El Guettar ***** 5–27 April 1943 Operation Flax ***** 6–7 April 1943 Battle of Wadi Akarit ***** 27 April – 1 May 1943 Battle of Hill 609 ***** 6–12 May 1943 Operations Vulcan and Strike, Operation Vulcan ***** 8–13 May 1943 Operation Retribution

Kingdom of Tunisia

* 1952 – 1956 Tunisian independence, Tunisian Independence movement

Tunisia, Republic of Tunisia

* 1961 Bizerte crisis, Bizerte Crisis * 1980 1980 Gafsa Uprising * 1 October 1985 Operation Wooden Leg * 7 November 1987 1987 Tunisian coup d'état * 2002 – ''present''

** 3 January 2007 Soliman Shooting ** 2012 – 2019 Chaambi Operations * 18 December 2010 – 14 January 2011 Tunisian Revolution * 3 – 4 February 2014 Raoued Operation * 2015 – 2022 ISIL insurgency in Tunisia * 25 July 2021 2021 Tunisian self-coup

Southern Africa

Angola

* 1961 – 1974 Angolan War of Independence * 1966 – 1990 South African Border War South Africa Border War Map

** 4 May 1978 Battle of Cassinga * 1975 – ''present'' Cabinda War * 1975 – 2002 Angolan Civil War ** 27 May 1977 1977 Angolan coup attempt ** 14 August 1987 – 23 March 1988 Battle of Cuito Cuanavale

Lesotho

* 1880–1881 Basotho Gun War * 30 January 1970 1970 Lesotho coup d'état * 1974 – 1990 Lesotho Liberation Army#History, BCP Insurgency * 20 January 1986 1986 Lesotho coup d'état * 30 April 1991 1991 Lesotho coup d'état * 17 August 1994 1994 Lesotho coup d'état * 22 September 1998 – May 1999 South African intervention in Lesotho * 30 August 2014 2014 Lesotho political crisis

Malawi

*August 3, 1914 – November 1918

* 3 March 1959 – 16 June 1960 Nyasaland emergency of 1959 ** 3 – 5 March 1959 Operation Sunrise (Nyasaland), Operation Sunrise * 1992 – 1993 Malawi Young Pioneers#Operation Bwezani, Operation Bwezani

Mozambique

*July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

*1964 – 1974 Mozambican War of Independence *1964 – 1979 Rhodesian Bush War *1977 – 1992 Mozambican Civil War *2013 – 2021 RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021) *2017 – ''ongoing'' Insurgency in Cabo Delgado

Namibia

*1904–1907 Herero Genocide *July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

**September 15, 1914 – February 4, 1915 Maritz Rebellion *August 26, 1966 – March 21, 1990 South African Border War *1994 – 1999 Caprivi conflict

South Africa

*May 18, 1803 – November 20, 1815 Napoleonic Wars *1817–1819 Ndwandwe–Zulu War *1830s–1840s Great Trek *February 17, 1838 Weenen Massacre *January 11, 1879 – July 4, 1879 Anglo-Zulu War *1779–1879 Xhosa Wars *December 20, 1880 – March 23, 1881 First Boer War *October 11, 1899 – May 31, 1902 Second Boer War *July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

**September 15, 1914 – February 4, 1915 Maritz Rebellion *September 4, 1939 – May 7, 1945

* 1948 – 1994 Internal resistance to apartheid ** 1950 Witzieshoek revolt ** 21 March 1960 Sharpeville Massacre ** 16 June 1976 Soweto Uprising ** 3 September 1984 Vaal uprising ** 1986 – 1987 Ciskei#Ciskei–Transkei hostilities and Operation Katzen, Ciskei-Transkei conflict ** 30 December 1987 1987 Transkei coup d'état ** 4 March 1990 1990 Ciskei coup d'état ** 5 April 1990 1990 Venda coup d'état ** 9 August 1991 Battle of Ventersdorp ** 7 September 1992 Bisho massacre ** 25 July 1993 Saint James Church massacre ** 30 December 1993 Heidelberg Tavern massacre ** 1994 1994 Bophuthatswana crisis ** 28 March 1994 Shell House massacre * 1966 – 1990 South African Border War

Eswatini

*October 11, 1899 – May 31, 1902 Second Boer War

Zambia

*July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

*September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945

*1964 – 1979 Rhodesian Bush War *1 July 1990 1990 Zambian coup attempt *28 October 1997 1997 Zambian coup attempt

Zimbabwe

*October 1893 – January 1894 First Matabele War * March 1896 – Second Matabele War * 1964 – 1979 Rhodesian Bush War * 1980 1980 Entumbane clashes * 1981 1981 Entumbane uprising * 1983 – 1987 Gukurahundi * November 14 – 21, 2017 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état

West Africa

Benin

*1724–1727 Dahomey, Abomey (Dahomey) conquests *1726–1730 Oyo Empire, First Oyo-Dahomey War *1738–1748 Oyo Empire, Oyo Conquest of Dahomey *1764 Ashanti Empire, Second Ashanti-Akim War *1768 Ashanti Empire, Yoruba-Ashanti War *1851 Dahomey, First Dahomean-Abeokuta War *1864 Dahomey, Second Dahomean-Abeokuta War *1889–1894 French Third Republic, France conquers Dahomey * October 28, 1963 1963 Dahomeyan coup d'état * October 26, 1972 1972 Dahomeyan coup d'état * January 17, 1977 1977 Benin coup attempt

Burkina Faso

* 3 January 1966 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état * 8 February 1974 1974 Upper Voltan coup d'état * 25 November 1980 1980 Upper Voltan coup d'état * 7 November 1982 1982 Upper Voltan coup d'état * 28 February 1983 1983 Upper Voltan coup attempt * 4 August 1983 1983 Upper Voltan coup d'état * 1985 Agacher Strip War * 15 October 1987 1987 Burkina Faso coup d'état * 18 September 1989 1989 Burkina Faso coup attempt * 2007 – ''ongoing''

** 2011 – ''present'' Islamist insurgency in the Sahel *** August 1, 2014 — November 9, 2022 Operation Barkhane *** 2015 – ''present'' Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso **** 2 March 2018 2018 Ouagadougou attacks * 16 – 23 September 2015 2015 Burkina Faso coup attempt * 8 October 2016 2016 Burkina Faso coup attempt * 23 – 24 January 2022 January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état * 30 September 2022 September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état * 26 September 2023 2023 Burkina Faso coup attempt

Côte d'Ivoire

* 1883–1898 Mandingo Wars * December 24, 1999 1999 Ivorian coup d'état * January 7 – 8, 2001 2001 Ivorian coup attempt * 2002 – 2007 First Ivorian Civil War **September 19, 2002 2002 Ivorian coup attempt * September 22, 2002 – January 21, 2015 Opération Licorne * 2004 2004 French–Ivorian clashes * 2010 – 2011 Second Ivorian Civil War * June 12, 2012 2012 Ivorian coup attempt * May 6 – 16, 2017 2017 Ivory Coast mutinies

Gambia

* 30 July – 4 August 1981 1981 Gambian coup attempt * 22 July 1994 1994 Gambian coup d'état * 30 December 2014 2014 Gambian coup attempt * 9 December 2016 – 21 January 2017 2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis ** 2017 – ''present'' ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia * 20 December 2022 2022 Gambian coup attempt

Ghana

*1620–1654 Dutch–Portuguese War *1664–1665 Anglo-Dutch Wars *1823–1831 Anglo-Ashanti wars *1900 War of the Golden Stool * February 28, 1948 1948 Accra Riots * February 24, 1966 1966 Ghanaian coup d'état * April 17, 1967 Operation Guitar Boy * June 4, 1979 June 4th revolution in Ghana * December 31, 1981 1981 Ghanaian coup d'état * 1994 – 2015 Konkomba–Nanumba conflict * 2002 2002 Dagbon chieftaincy crisis, Yendi conflict * 2019 – ''Present'' Gonja-Mamprusi conflict * 2020 – ''Present'' Western Togoland Rebellion

Guinea

* 22 November 1970 Operation Green Sea * 3 April 1984 1984 Guinean coup d'état * February 2 – 3, 1996 1996 Guinean coup attempt * 2000 – 2001 RFDG Insurgency * 2013 2013 Guinea clashes * 5 September 2021 2021 Guinean coup d'état

Guinea-Bissau

* 23 January 1963 – 10 September 1974 Guinea-Bissau War of Independence *14 November 1980 1980 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état *1998 – 1999 Guinea-Bissau Civil War **7 June 1998 1998 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt *14 September 2003 2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état *26 December 2011 2011 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt *12 April 2012 2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état *1 February 2022 2022 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt *30 November 2023 – 1 December 2023 2023 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt

Liberia

* October 1871 1871 Liberian coup d'état * April 12, 1980 1980 Liberian coup d'état * November 12, 1985 1985 Liberian coup attempt * September 15, 1994 1994 Liberian coup attempt * 1989 – 1996 First Liberian Civil War * 1998 1998 Monrovia clashes * 1999 – 2003 Second Liberian Civil War

Mali

*647–709

*1075 Almoravid dynasty#Ghana Empire and the southern wing, Almoravid conquest of the Ghana Empire * 1230–1250 Military history of the Mali Empire#Early imperial expansion .281235.E2.80.931300.29, Early imperial expansion of the Mali Empire *1400 Military history of the Mali Empire#The Sandaki usurpation and second Mossi raid, The Sandaki usurpation and second Mossi raid *1433 Military history of the Mali Empire#The Tuareg invasion, The Tuareg invasion * 1460s Military history of the Mali Empire#Songhai hegemony, Songhai conquered Mema *1810–1818 Islam and war#Jihad in Africa .281810-1818.29, Mopti Jihad *1848–1864 El Hadj Umar Tall#Initial conquests, Initial conquests of El Hadj Umar Tall Jihad *1883–1886 Mandingo Wars *1962 – 1964 Tuareg rebellion (1962–64) *1985 Agacher Strip War *1990 – 1995 Tuareg rebellion (1990–95) *2002 – ''ongoing''

** 6 February 2007 – ''ongoing''

***2009 – ''present''

****23 January – 24 December 2015

****November 2018 – February 2020 Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020) ***2011 – present Islamist insurgency in the Sahel ****January 16, 2012 – ''present'' Mali War *****January 16, 2012 – April 6, 2012 2012 Tuareg rebellion ******January 18, 2012 — March 11, 2012 Battle of Tessalit ******January 17 — 25, 2012 Battle of Aguelhok ******February 7 — 8, 2012 Battle of Tinzaouaten (2012) *****March 21, 2012 — April 8, 2012 2012 Malian coup d'état *****June 27, 2012 — ''ongoing'' Azawad conflict ******June 26 — 27, 2012 Battle of Gao ******November 16 — 20, 2012 Second Battle of Ménaka ******February 22 — 23, 2013 Battle of Khalil ******March 29 — 30, 2013 Battle of In Arab *****January 11, 2013 — 15 July 2014 Operation Serval *****August 1, 2014 — November 9, 2022 Operation Barkhane *****August 18, 2020 2020 Malian coup d'état *****May 24, 2021 2021 Malian coup d'état * 2006 2006 Tuareg rebellion * 2007 – 2009 Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)

Mauritania

* June 17, 1970 – ''ongoing''

* 10 July 1978 1978 Mauritanian coup d'état * 6 April 1979 1979 Mauritanian coup d'état * 4 January 1980 1980 Mauritanian coup d'état * 16 March 1981 1981 Mauritanian coup attempt * 12 December 1984 1984 Mauritanian coup d'état * 1989 – 1991 Mauritania–Senegal Border War * 2002 – ''ongoing''

** 6 February 2007 – ''ongoing''

** August 1, 2014 — November 9, 2022 Operation Barkhane * 8 – 9 June 2003 2003 Mauritanian coup attempt * 3 August 2005 2005 Mauritanian coup d'état * 6 August 2008 2008 Mauritanian coup d'état

Niger

*1516–1517 Songhai Empire, Songhai Civil War *1916–1917 Kaocen Revolt * 15 April 1974 1974 Nigerien coup d'état * 1990 – 1995 Tuareg rebellion (1990–95) * 27 January 1996 1996 Nigerien coup d'état * 9 April 1999 1999 Nigerien coup d'état * 2007 – 2009 Tuareg rebellion (2007–09) * * 2002 – ''ongoing''

** 2007 – ''ongoing''

*** 2011 – ''present'' Islamist insurgency in the Sahel *** August 1, 2014 — November 9, 2022 Operation Barkhane *** 2015 – ''present'' Jihadist insurgency in Niger **** 4 October 2017 Tongo Tongo ambush ** 2009 – ''present''

*** 23 January – 24 December 2015

*** November 2018 – February 2020 Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020) * 18 February 2010 2010 Nigerien coup d'état * 12 – 13 July 2011 2011 Nigerien coup attempt * 31 March 2021 2021 Nigerien coup attempt * 26 – 28 July 2023 2023 Nigerien coup d'état * 29 July 2023 – 24 February 2024 Nigerien crisis (2023–2024)

Nigeria

*1578–1608 Oyo Empire, Oyo-Benin War *1804–1808

*1835–1836

*1873 – Islam and war#Rafin Jaki battle, Rafin Jaki Jihad *1877– 1893 Kiriji War Kiriji War, ( ''Ekiti–Parapo War'') *1897 Benin Expedition of 1897, Benin Expedition * 1967 – 1970 Nigerian Civil War ** July 2 – 12, 1967 Operation UNICORD ** August 9 – September 20, 1967 Midwest Invasion of 1967 ** 12 September – 4 October 1967 Fall of Enugu ** October 4 – 12, 1967 First Invasion of Onitsha ** October 17 – 19, 1967 Operation Tiger Claw ** January 2 - March 20, 1968 Second Invasion of Onitsha ** 31 March 1968 Abagana Ambush ** March 8 – May 24, 1968 Invasion of Port Harcourt ** 2 September – 15 October 1968 Operation OAU ** 15 – 29 November 1968 Operation Hiroshima ** October 15, 1968 – April 25, 1969 Siege of Owerri ** March 27 – April 22, 1969 Operation Leopard (1969) ** December 20 – 24, 1969 Invasion of Umuahia * 15 – 16 January 1966 1966 Nigerian coup d'état * 28 July – 1 August 1966 1966 Nigerian counter-coup ** January 7 – 12, 1970 Operation Tail-Wind * July 29, 1975 1975 Nigerian coup d'état * February 13, 1976 1976 Nigerian coup attempt * April 1983 Chadian–Nigerian War * 31 December 1983 1983 Nigerian coup d'état * August 27, 1985 1985 Nigerian coup d'état * April 22, 1990 1990 Nigerian coup attempt * November 17, 1993 1993 Nigerian coup d'état * 1997 – 2003 Warri Crisis * 1998 – ''present'' Communal conflicts in Nigeria ** 1953 – ''present'' Religious violence in Nigeria ** 1998 – ''present'' Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria ** 2011 – ''present'' Nigerian bandit conflict * 2003 – ''present'' Conflict in the Niger Delta ** 2016 – ''present'' 2016 Niger Delta conflict ** 2021 – ''present'' Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria *** 16 May 2023 2023 Anambra ambush * 14 September 2001 – 30 August 2021 War on terror ** 2007 – ''ongoing''

*** 2009 – ''present''

**** 26 – 29 July 2009 2009 Boko Haram uprising **** 13 – 14 May 2014 Chibok ambush **** 23 January – 24 December 2015

**** November 2018 – February 2020 Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020) ** 15 February 2011 – ''present'' Islamist insurgency in the Sahel * March 8, 2014 2014 Enugu Government House attack * June 15, 2014 2014 Enugu State Broadcasting Service attack

Senegal

*1549 Battle of Danki *1644-1677 Char Bouba war *1860-1886 Cayor, Franco-Cayor Wars *1880-1899 Kingdom of Jolof, Franco-Wolof Wars *1860-1920 French Conquest of Casamance *1886-1887 Mahmadu Lamine, Uprising of Mahmadu Lamine *1982 – ''ongoing'' Casamance conflict *1989 – 1991 Mauritania–Senegal Border War *2007 – ''ongoing''

Sierra Leone

*February 7, 1813 Action of 7 February 1813, Action *March 21 – 23, 1967 1967 Sierra Leonean coups d'état *April 18, 1968 Sergeants' Coup (Sierra Leone), Sergeant's Coup *1982 Ndogboyosoi War *1991 – 2002 Sierra Leone Civil War **April 29, 1992 1992 Sierra Leonean coup d'état *November 26 – 28, 2023 2023 Sierra Leone coup attempt

Togo

* 13 January 1963 1963 Togolese coup d'état * 13 January 1967 1967 Togolese coup d'état * 23 September 1986 1986 Togolese coup attempt * February 5 – 25, 2005 2005 Togolese coup d'état

Chronological list of wars

19th century

* 1801–1807 Kingdom of Koya, Temne War *1801–1805

*1803–1805 Napoleonic Wars **1803–1806 War of the Third Coalition ***1806 Battle of Blaauwberg **1807–1809 Anglo-Turkish War (1807–09), Anglo-Turkish War ***1807 Alexandria expedition of 1807, Alexandria expedition *1804–1808

*1805–1811

*1806–1807 Ashanti–Fante War *1807–1818 Mtetwa Empire, Mtetwa Empire Expansion *1810–1818 Amadu's Jihad *1811–1812 Xhosa Wars, Fourth Xhosa War *1811 Ga–Fante War *c.1812 Battle of Shela *1814–1816 Ashanti–Akim–Akwapim War *1815 Slachter's Nek Rebellion *1815 Second Barbary War *1817–1819 Ndwandwe–Zulu War *1818–1819 Xhosa Wars, Fifth Xhosa War *1818–1828 Zulu wars of conquest *1st March 1896

*July 30, 1877– March 14, 1893 Kiriji War Kiriji War, ( ''Ekiti–Parapo War'')

20th century

* 1900 War of the Golden Stool * 1900–1920 Somaliland Campaign *1901–1901 French conquest of the Dendi Kingdom *1902–1904 Kuanhama Rebellion of 1902-1904, Kuanhama Rebellion * 1901–1902 Anglo-Aro War *1901–1903 Second Matabele War#1901 Mapondera Rebellion, Mapondera Rebellion * 1902–1904 Bailundo revolt, Bailundo revolt of 1902 *1903–1904 British conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate * 1904–1908 Herero Wars *1904–1905 1904–1905 uprising in Madagascar, uprising in Madagascar * 1905–1907 Maji Maji Rebellion * 1906 Bambatha Rebellion *1906 Sokoto Uprising of 1906 *1907–1910 Dembos War of 1907-1910 *1908 Battle of Marrakech * 1909 Second Melillan campaign * 1909–1911

*1910–1912 Portuguese conquest of the Kasanje Kingdom * 1911–1912 French conquest of Morocco *1911–1912

*1912 Sirte revolt *1914 Kolongongo War *1914–1917 Kongo revolt of 1914, Kongo revolt *1914–1921 Zaian War * 1914–1918 African theatre of World War I **1914–1918 East African campaign (World War I), East African campaign **1914–1916 Kamerun campaign **1914 Togoland Campaign **1914–1915 South West Africa campaign * 1914–1915 Maritz rebellion * 1915–1916 Volta-Bani War *1915 Chilembwe uprising * 1915 Bussa rebellion, The Bussa rebellion * 1915–1917 Senussi Campaign * 1916–1917 Kaocen revolt * 1916 Battle of Segale * 1918 Adubi War, The Adubi War *1920 Misurata-Warfalla War * 1920–1922 1920 Jabal al-Gharbi civil war, Jabal al-Gharbi civil war *1920–1926 Rif War * 1921–1922 Rand Rebellion * 1922 Bondelswarts Rebellion * 1923–1932 Pacification of Libya * 1928–1931 Kongo-Wara rebellion * 1929–1930 Women's War * *1930 Gugsa Wale's rebellion *1935–1937

*1939–1945

**1940–1943 North African campaign **1940–1943 East African campaign (World War II), East African campaign **1940 Battle of Dakar **1940 Battle of Gabon **1942

*1943 Woyane rebellion *1952–1960

*1954–1962

*1955–1964 Bamileke War *1955–1972

*1957–1958 Ifni War *1960–1965

**1966–1967

*1960–present

*1961 Bizerte crisis *1961–1991

*1961–1974 Portuguese Colonial War **1961–1974 Angolan War of Independence **1963–1974 Guinea-Bissau War of Independence **1964–1974 Mozambican War of Independence *1962–1964 Tuareg rebellion (1962–1964), Tuareg rebellion *1963

*1963–1967

*1963–1970 Bale revolt *

*1964–1965 Simba rebellion *1964–1979 Rhodesian Bush War *1964

*1965–1979 Chadian Civil War (1965–79), First Chadian Civil War *1966–1989 South African Border War *1967–1970 Nigerian Civil War *1970–present

**1975–1991 Western Sahara War *1972–1974 First Eritrean Civil War *1973–2018

*1974–1991

*1975–2002 Angolan Civil War *1975–present Cabinda War *1977–1992 Mozambican Civil War *1977 Libyan–Egyptian War *1977–1978

*1977

*1978

*1978–1979

*1978–1987 Chadian–Libyan conflict *1980–1981 Second Eritrean Civil War *1980–1986

*1981 Entumbane uprising *1981 Dawda Jawara#1981 attempted coup, Gambian coup d'état attempt *1982–present Casamance conflict *1982 Ndogboyosoi War *

*1983–2005

*1985 Agacher Strip War *

*1987–present

*1989–1991 Mauritania–Senegal Border War *1989–1997 First Liberian Civil War *1990–1994

*1990–1995 Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995), Tuareg rebellion *1991–1994

*1991–2002 Sierra Leone Civil War *1991–2002

*1991–present

*1993–2005 Burundian Civil War *1993–1994 Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–94), Republic of the Congo Civil War *1994 Bophuthatswana crisis *1994–1999 Caprivi conflict *1994–2018

*1995–2018

*1995

*1996–present

*1996–1997

*1997–1999 Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–99), Republic of the Congo Civil War *1998–2000

*1998–2003

**2000 Six-Day War (2000), Six-Day War *1998–1999 Guinea-Bissau Civil War *1999–2003 Second Liberian Civil War *1999–present Ituri conflict

21st century

*2001–2021 War on Terrorism **1981–present Terrorism in Egypt, Islamic Terrorism in Egypt **2002–present Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present), Islamic insurgency in the Maghreb **2002–present Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa **2006 Advance of the Islamic Courts Union, Rise of the Islamic Courts Union **2006–2009 Somalia War (2006–2009), Ethiopian War in Somalia **2007–present Operation Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara **2009–present Somali Civil War (2009–present), Islamist civil war in Somalia **2009 Nigerian sectarian violence **2009–present

**2015–2022 ISIL insurgency in Tunisia **2015–present Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso **2016–present Jihadist insurgency in Niger **2017–present Islamist insurgency in Mozambique *2002–2003 2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department, Conflict in the Pool Department *2002–2004 First Ivorian Civil War *2003–2020 War in Darfur *2004 French–Ivorian clashes *2004–present Conflict in the Niger Delta **2016–present 2016 Niger Delta conflict, Niger Delta conflict *2004–2007

*2004–present Kivu conflict *2005–2010 Chadian Civil War (2005–10), Chadian Civil War *2005–2008

*2006–2013

*2007–2009 Tuareg Rebellion (2007–present), Second Tuareg Rebellion *2007–2008 2007–08 Kenyan crisis, Kenyan crisis *2008 invasion of Anjouan, 2008 Invasion of Anjouan * 2008 Kufra conflict *2008

*2009–present

**2011–present Ethnic violence in South Sudan ***2013–2020

*2009 Sudan airstrikes *2009

*2010–2011 Second Ivorian Civil War *2011–2023 Sinai Insurgency *2011

*2011–2020

*2011–2014 Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014), Factional violence in Libya *2012–present Mali War *2012

*2012–2013

*2012 Baragoi clashes *2012–present Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present), Central African Republic Civil War *2013–2018 Batwa–Luba clashes *2013–2019 RENAMO insurgency (2013–2019), RENAMO insurgency *

*2014–2020 Second Libyan Civil War *2016–2017

*2016 Kasese clashes *2016–2019

*2017–present

*2020–2022 Tigray War *2023–present 2023 Sudan conflict *2023–present 2023 Las Anod conflict