Buleleng

Buleleng Regency (; , ''Kabupatén Buléléng''), is a regency () of the province of Bali, Indonesia. It stretches along the north side of the island of Bali from the Bali Strait in the west (separating Bali from East Java) almost to the eastern end of the island. It has a land area of 1,322.68 km² and a population of 828,156 in 2024.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kabupaten Buleleng Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5108) It is bordered by almost all other regencies in Bali except Klungkung, Gianyar and Denpasar City, and bordered by the Bali Sea and the Java Sea to its north. Its regency seat is in the town of Singaraja, whose urban area extends to the whole of Buleleng District.

At the official census of the 2024 Buleleng Regency's population was 828,156 (comprising 417,978 males and 410,178 females).

Buleleng was founded as a kingdom by Gusti Panji Sakti, who ruled c. 1660-c. 1700. He is commemorated as a heroic ancestor figure who expanded the power of Buleleng to Blambangan on East Java. The kingdom was weakened during its successors and fell under the suzerainty of the neighbouring Karangasem kingdom in the second half of the 18th century. It was headed by an autonomous branch of the Karangasem Dynasty in 1806–1849.

The Dutch attacked Buleleng in 1846, 1848, and 1849, and defeated it on the last occasion. Buleleng was incorporated into the Dutch colonial system and lost its autonomy in 1882. In 1929 a descendant of Gusti Panji Sakti, the renowned scholar Gusti Putu Jelantik, was appointed regent by the Dutch. He died in 1944, during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies. His son was a well-known novelist, Anak Agung Nyoman Panji Tisna. In 1947, Anak Agung Pandji Tisna surrendered the throne to his younger brother, Anak Agung Ngurah Ketut Djelantik, known as Meester Djelantik, until 1950. In 1949-50 Buleleng, like the rest of Bali, was incorporated into the unitary republic of Indonesia.

History

Protohistory

The territory of Pedawa, one of the 62 Bali Aga villages in the island, is the depository of several sarcophagi present at Ingsakan, Banjar Asah, Lebahlinggah, and Tampug. There are also three types of megaliths used in religious rituals and known as ''taulan'' (small stones used as symbols of Ida (God) - equivalent to Arca -, found in all main temples of Pedawa village); ''gainan'' (a stacked stone located at the Munduk Madeg Temple in Pedawa village), and ''umah taksu'' (a stacked stone similar to ''punden'' terraces in some areas of Pedawa village). Each of these items is witness to the ancient creation of the village, taking it into Prehistoric times
They come in par with the megaliths collected in various parts of Bali and gathered at Sanur stone park.

Buleleng Kingdom

Previously, the area in North Bali or ''Den Bukit'' was never united, they fought and attacked each other, until finally this area was united by a man named I Gusti Anglurah Panji Sakti from Dalem Sagening Dynasty by uniting all the areas in North Bali that were in conflict.

Then I Gusti Anglurah Panji Sakti controlled the entire area of North Bali/Den Bukit and began to expand his territory to Jembrana, Karangasem, Bangli, Tabanan and even Banyuwangi. After the death of I Gusti Ngurah Panji Sakti in 1704, the Buleleng Kingdom began to falter due to the struggle for power, plus the colonial areas began to rebel and put up resistance such as the Jembrana rebellion in West Bali and the Karangasem resistance in East Bali.

Controlled by Mengwi and Karangasem

In 1732, Buleleng was controlled by the Mengwi Kingdom, but they regained their independence in 1752. Furthermore, the Buleleng Kingdom fell into the power of the king of Karangasem in 1780. The King of Karangasem, I Gusti Gede Karang built a palace called "Puri Singaraja". The next king to rule was his son named I Gusti Pahang Canang who ruled until 1821. Karangasem's power then weakened, there were several changes of king. In 1825, I Gusti Made Karangasem ruled with his patih, I Gusti Ketut Jelantik until it was conquered by the Dutch in 1849.

Resistance against Dutch Colonialism

In 1846, Buleleng was attacked by Dutch troops, but it met with fierce resistance from the Buleleng community led by the warlord ('' patih'') I Gusti Ketut Jelantik. In 1848, Buleleng was again attacked by Dutch navy troops at Fort Jagaraga. In the third attack, precisely in 1849, the Dutch were finally able to destroy Fort Jagaraga so that Buleleng could be defeated by the Dutch. Since then, Buleleng was controlled by the Dutch East Indies colonial government, the Buleleng region was made a " Swapraja" with the Dutch king as its ruler, the king of Buleleng from the Panji Sakti dynasty was then appointed as regent (regent) under colonial supervision. \ n \ n

Independence era

After the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, the Buleleng Kingdom had the status of the Buleleng Level II Region and abolished the Monarchy system of the Kingdom to become the Regent of the Regency.

Geography

Geographically, Buleleng Regency is located between 8°3'40"–8°23'00" South Latitude and 114°25'55"–115°27'28" East Longitude, which is located in the northern part of Bali Island. The area of Buleleng Regency is 1,365.88 km² (24.25% of the area of Bali Island). Buleleng Regency consists of 9 sub-districts with 129 villages, 19 sub-districts, 551 hamlets/banjars and 58 neighborhoods.

Borders

The borders of Buleleng Regency are as follows:

Northen

* Bali Sea and northern Java Sea

Southern

* Kintamani District, Bangli Regency
* Petang District, Bangli Regency Badung
* Tabanan Regency and Jembrana Regency

Western

* Jembrana Regency and Bali Strait

Eastern

* Kubu District, Karangasem Regency

Topography

Buleleng Regency, located in the north of Bali Island, has a very diverse topography, consisting of lowlands, hills, and mountains. Most of the Buleleng Regency area is a hilly and mountainous area stretching in the south, while in the north, namely along the coast, is a lowland. These unique conditions make the topography of Buleleng Regency often called ''Nyegara Gunung''.

The topographic conditions of Buleleng Regency based on the slope, the difference in height from sea level and its landscape can be grouped into 4 (four) topographic units, namely:
# Flat areas with a slope of 0 - 1.9% covering an area of 12,264.75 Ha or 8.98%;
# Sloping areas with a slope of 2 - 24.9% covering an area of 70,226 Ha or 51.41%;
# Sloping areas with a slope of 25 - 39.9% covering an area of 21,462.75 Ha or 15.71%;
# Steep areas with a slope of above 40% covering an area of 32,634.5 Ha or 23.89%.

Based on the altitude, it is grouped into 4 (four) altitudes, namely:
# Lowlands (0 - 24.9 m above sea level and 25 - 99.9 m above sea level)
# Medium Plains (100 - 499.9 m above sea level)
# Highlands (500 - 999.9 m above sea level)
# Mountain Plains (> 1000 m above sea level)

Geology

Stratigraphically, the rock layers found in Buleleng Regency generally consist of bereksi rocks, lava, tuff and lahar which are spread in almost all areas of Buleleng Regency. There is a fault/''fault'' which is estimated to be in the Gerokgak District area, namely two large arcs that are parallel extending to the west and east which are located in the Pulaki Volcanic Rock formation which consists of bereksi and lava. Two horizontal faults estimated in the West End of Bali Island (among them the Prapat Agung formation which is predominantly covered by limestone with the Palasari formation consisting of sandstone, conglomerate and reef limestone). Two more faults estimated to be in the Tejakula District area are located between the tuff rock formation and the Buyan, Bratan and Batur lava deposits with the Buyan Bratan and Batur Purba formations. In addition to these structures, layering structures are also found on the tuff rock, lava from the Buyan Bratan Purba group of volcanic rocks.

Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, most of the Buleleng Regency area has a wet and dry tropical climate (''Aw'') with air temperatures varying based on altitude, namely between 19°–33 °C. The relative humidity level in this area ranges from 82%–75%. Due to its tropical wet and dry climate, the Buleleng region has two seasons, namely the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season in the Buleleng region lasts from May–October with the driest month being August. Meanwhile, the rainy season lasts from December–March with a monthly rainfall of more than 200 mm per month. Between the dry and rainy seasons there is a transitional season which usually occurs in April and November. The annual rainfall in the Buleleng area ranges from 1,000–2,300 mm per year with the number of rainy days ranging from 80–120 rainy days per year.

Government and politics

The regent of Buleleng is the highest officeholder in the Buleleng Regency government. The Buleleng regent is responsible to the governor of Bali. Currently, the regent or regional head serving in Buleleng Regency is I Nyoman Sutjidra, accompanied by the vice regent Gede Supriatna. The position of regent and vice regent from the pair I Nyoman Sutjidra and Gede Supriatna is for the second term since 2024. For the second term, they won in the 2024 Buleleng regency election, and were inaugurated on February 20, 2025.

Parliament

Administrative districts

The regency is divided into nine districts (''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas and population totals from the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and the 2020 census,Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. together with the official estimates as of mid-2024.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kabupaten Buleleng Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5108) The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 129 rural ''desa'' and 19 urban ''kelurahan''), and its postal codes.

The administrative centres of each district have the same name as the district itself, except for the Buleleng District (of which the centre is Singaraja, which also serves as the administrative capital of the whole Regency) and Sawan District (of which the centre is Sangsit).

For convenience the table is divided into two geographical groups, a western group of four districts covering 61% of the land area but with just 41% of the population, and an eastern group of five districts with 39% of the land area and a faster-growing 59% of the population.

Note: (a) Gerokgak District includes the offshore island of Pulau Menjangan Kecil. (b) includes the ''kelurahan'' of Seririt, plus 20 ''desa''.
(c) includes the ''kelurahan'' of Sukasada, plus 14 ''desa''. (d) comprises 17 ''kelurahan'' and 12 ''desa''.

File:Indonesia_Buleleng_Gerokgak_district_location_map.svg, Gerokgak district
File:Indonesia Buleleng Seririt district location map.svg, Seririt district
File:Indonesia Buleleng Busung Biu district location map.svg, Busung Biu district
File:Indonesia Buleleng Banjar district location map.svg, Banjar district
File:Indonesia Buleleng Sukasada district location map.svg, Sukasada district


File:Indonesia Buleleng Buleleng district location map.svg, Buleleng district
File:Indonesia Buleleng Sawan district location map.svg, Sawan district
File:Indonesia Buleleng Kubutambahan district location map.svg, Kubutambahan district
File:Indonesia Buleleng Tejakula district location map.svg, Tejakula district

Demographics

Ethnicities

Most of the ethnic groups in Buleleng are Balinese. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in the Indonesian Population Census 2010, as many as 575,905 people or 92.27% of the 624,125 people of Buleleng Regency are of the Balinese ethnic group. Then the Javanese ethnic as much as 2.41%, and several others such as the Bali Aga, Madurese, Bugis, and several others ethnic groups. In Singaraja, there is a Bugis village, where the majority of the residents are Bugis and majority are Hindus.

The following is the population of Buleleng Regency based on ethnicity in 2010:

Religion

Airports

Lt.Col. Wisnu Airfield is located in the Sumberkima village.

Research on a new airport was completed in 2017, due to the congestion of Ngurah Rai International Airport. The new two-runway airport will be built in the east part of Buleleng Regency and will be connected by railway to the existing airport.
Kubutambahan, 15 kilometers east of Singaraja, was decided to be the new airport site over two other candidates, Sangsit and Gerokgak, after taking into account geographical conditions, wind speed, wind direction, and other factors.

Pearl producers

Many big pearl producers have developed 130.9 hectares in Gerokgak village as an area for pearl breeding and world-class pearl production. It will enlarge to 250 hectares swath of water stretching from Gerokgak to Kubutambahan.

Education

Buleleng is one of the region in Bali that is famous for its nickname, namely the City of Education. Entering the 1980s, the Faculty of Teacher Training (FKG) was established which is one of the faculties of Udayana University. In 1985, it changed to STKIP Singaraja and separated from Udayana University. This caused the dim development of Singaraja as a city of education. After a long journey, STKIP changed to IKIP Singaraja and until now it is known as Ganesha University of Education which is located in Singaraja City.

Tourism

Tourism is the main economic support for Buleleng Regency.

Some of the tourist attractions in Buleleng Regency include:

* Sanih Water
* Gitgit Waterfall
* Sing Sing Waterfall
* Lekr Buyan
* Lake Tamblingan
* Gedong Kirtya (palm leaf library)
* Lovina Beach
* Jagaraga
* Beji Sangsit Temple
* Dalem Sangsit Temple
* Spiritual tourism at Tirta Sudhamala Temple, Taman Alit Temple and Patirtaan Lingga Pawitra Temple in Banyuasri Traditional Village
* Desa Sawan (where Gamelan musical instruments are made).
* Batu Bolong Temple
* Meduwe Karang Temple
* Ponjok Batu
* Sembiran
* Buyan Lake and Tamblingan Lake
* Beratan Village (where gold and silver jewelry is produced).
* Banyuning Village (famous for its clay craft)
* Dutch Cemetery
* The largest Ganesha statue in Southeast Asia
* Banjar hot springs and temples in Banjar Village
* Pulaki Temple
* Melanting Temple
* Gitgit Twin Waterfalls
* Jayaprana Cemetery
* Celukterima Temple
* Menjangan Island
* Mayong Village
* Bulian Village

Gallery

KITLV 4388 - Isidore van Kinsbergen - Two warriors, Boeleleng - 1865.tif, Two warriors in Buleleng, 1865
KITLV 4393 - Isidore van Kinsbergen - Balinese and a Papuan slave Rajah of Boeleleng - 1865.tif, Balinese and Papuan slaves of the Rajah of Buleleng, 1865

See also

* Subak (irrigation)
* Tukad Daya
* West Bali National Park

References

External links

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{{Authority control

Hindu Buddhist states in Indonesia
17th century in Indonesia
18th century in Indonesia
19th century in Indonesia
1660 establishments in Asia
1882 disestablishments in Asia
17th-century establishments in Indonesia