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Regency (Indonesia)
A regency (; ), sometimes incorrectly referred to as a district and previously known as second-level region, is an administrative division of Indonesia, directly under a Provinces of Indonesia, province and on the same level with City status in Indonesia, city (''kota''). Regencies are divided into Districts of Indonesia, districts (''Kecamatan'', ''Distrik'' in Western New Guinea, Papua region, or ''Kapanewon'' and ''Kemantren'' in the Special Region of Yogyakarta). The average area of Indonesian regencies is about , with an average population of 670,958 people. The English name "regency" comes from the Dutch East Indies, Dutch colonial period, when regencies were ruled by (or regents) and were known as in Dutch language, Dutch ( in Javanese and subsequently Indonesian). had been regional lords under the precolonial monarchies of Java. When the Dutch abolished or curtailed those monarchies, the bupati were left as the most senior indigenous authority. They were not, strictly s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Van Ophuijsen Spelling System
The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System (, EVO) was the Romanized standard orthography for the Indonesian language from 1901 to 1947. Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, the Malay language (and consequently Indonesian) in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) did not have a standardized spelling, or was written in the Jawi script. In 1947, the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was replaced by the Republican Spelling System. History Prof. , who devised the orthography, was a Dutch linguist. He was a former inspector in a school at Bukittinggi, West Sumatra in the 1890s, before he became a professor of the Malay language at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Together with two native assistants, Engku Nawawi and Mohammed Taib Sultan Ibrahim, he published the new orthography on ''Kitab Logat Malajoe: Woordenlijst voor Spelling der Maleische Taal'' in 1901, and published a second book, ''Maleische Spraakkunst'', in 1910. The latter was translated by T.W. Kamil into ''Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Srivijaya
Srivijaya (), also spelled Sri Vijaya, was a Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia) that influenced much of Southeast Asia. Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th to 11th century AD. Srivijaya was the first polity to dominate much of western Maritime Southeast Asia. Due to its location, Srivijaya developed complex technology utilizing maritime resources. In addition, its economy became progressively reliant on Maritime Silk Road, the booming trade in the region, thus transforming it into a luxury good, prestige goods-based economy. The earliest reference to it dates from the 7th century. A Tang dynasty Chinese people, Chinese Bhikkhu, monk, Yijing (monk), Yijing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 for six months. The earliest known inscription in which the name Srivijaya appears also dates from the 7th century in the Kedukan Bukit inscription fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Buton Regency
South Buton Regency () is a regency located on Buton Island in Southeast Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. This regency was formed from the southern part of Buton Regency, from which it was separated by Act No.16 of 2014, dated 23 July 2014. It covers an area of 546.58 km2, and the population of the districts now comprising the new regency was 74,974 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 95,261 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 101,635.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Buton Selatan Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7415) The regency capital is located in Batauga. The Regency contains three districts in the south of Buton Island (bordered by Buton Regency, the city of Baubau, and the Flores Sea), as well as 17 islands (the largest being Kadatua, Siompu and Batu Abas) lying to the west and to the south of Buton Island. Administrative districts South Buton Regency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Buton Regency
Central Buton Regency () is a new regency of Southeast Sulawesi established by separation from Buton Regency under Act No.15 of 2014, dated 23 July 2014. It covers an area of 837.16 km2 comprising the southern parts of Muna Island and Kabaena Island, together with several small offshore islands adjacent to these two main islands, but with no territory located on Buton Island (the title is thus a misnomer). It had a population of 86,112 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 114,773 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 121,369.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Buton Tengah Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7414) The administrative centre lies at Labungkari in Lakudo District. Administrative districts The Central Buton Regency is divided into seven districts (''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas and 2010Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 2020 Cens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fall Of Soeharto
On 21 May 1998, Suharto resigned as president of Indonesia following protests and riots across the country against his regime. His vice president, B. J. Habibie, took over the presidency. Suharto's grip on power weakened following severe economic and political crises stemming from the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The economy suffered a flight of foreign capital, leading to a drastic drop in the value of the Indonesian rupiah, which severely impacted the economy and people's livelihoods. Suharto was re-elected to his seventh term by the People's Consultative Assembly in March 1998. Increasing political unrest and violence undermined his previously firm political and military support, leading to his May 1998 resignation. Initially under newly installed President Habibie, a period of political reform ('' Reformasi'') followed. Historical background Dissent during the New Order Having consolidated power in 1967 in the aftermath of the attempted coup in 1965 which was laun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post-Suharto Era
The Post-Suharto era () is the contemporary history in Indonesia, which began with fall of Suharto, the resignation of authoritarian President of Indonesia, president Suharto on 21 May 1998. Since his resignation, the country has been in a period of transition, colloquially known as the Reform era (). This period has been characterised by a more open political-social environment and grassroots economic improvement. Issues over this period have included a push for a stronger democracy and civilian rule, elements of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, military trying to retain their influence, a growing Islamism in Politics of Indonesia, politics and Islam in Indonesia, society, and demands for greater regional autonomy. The process of has resulted in a higher degree of freedom of speech, in contrast to the pervasive censorship under the New Order (Indonesia), New Order. This has led to a more open political debate in the news media and increased expression in the arts. Events ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spans . Thailand Template:Borders of Thailand, is bordered to the northwest by Myanmar, to the northeast and east by Laos, to the southeast by Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the southwest by the Andaman Sea; it also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast and Indonesia and India to the southwest. Bangkok is the state capital and List of municipalities in Thailand#Largest cities by urban population, largest city. Tai peoples, Thai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 6th to 11th centuries. Greater India, Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms, Mon, Khmer Empire, and Monarchies of Malaysia, Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nakhon Si Thammarat
Nakhon Si Thammarat (, ; from ) is a city municipality (''thesaban nakhon'') located in Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat, the capital of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Nakhon Si Thammarat Province is situated in the South of Thailand. It is about south of Bangkok, on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. The city was the administrative centre of Southern Thailand during most of its history. Originally, a coastal city, silting moved the coastline away from the city. The city has a much larger north to south extension than west to east, which dates back to its original location on a flood-save dune. The modern city centre on the train station is north of Old Town. As of 2019, the city had a population of 102,152. Toponymy Thai honorific ''Sri'' or ''Si'' from Sanskrit Shri; , from Dharma; , from Raja. ''Dharmarāja'' means "righteous ruler", an important Theravada concept. History Nakhon Si Thammarat is one of the oldest cities in Thailand with a rich history. The earliest settle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligor Inscription
Ligor inscription is an 8th-century stone stele or inscription discovered in Ligor, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Southern Thailand Malay Peninsula. This inscription was written and carved on two sides, the first part is called Ligor A inscription, or also known as Viang Sa inscription, while on the other side is called the Ligor B inscription written in Kawi script dated 775 CE. The Ligor B inscription was probably written by Mahārāja dyāḥ Pañcapaṇa kariyāna Paṇaṃkaraṇa (Panangkaran), king of Shailendra dynasty. This inscription was connected to the kingdom of Srivijaya and the Shailendra dynasty. Interpretation Ligor A inscription tell about a Srivijayan king named Dharmasetu Dharmasetu was an 8th-century Maharaja of Srivijaya. Under his reign, he successfully incorporated Pan Pan, a kingdom located in the north of the Malay Peninsula, into the Srivijayan sphere of influence before 775 CE. At an old monastery of Nakho ..., the king of kings in the world, who built ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palembang
Palembang (, Palembang: ''Pelémbang'', Mandarin: 巨港 (Jùgǎng), Hokkien: 舊港 (Kū-káng), Jawi: ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra. The city proper covers on both banks of the Musi River in the eastern lowlands of southern Sumatra. It had a population of 1,668,848 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,772,492 (comprising 887,101 males and 885,391 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Palembang Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.1671) Palembang is the second most populous city in Sumatra, after Medan, and the twelfth most populous city in Indonesia. The Palembang metropolitan area has an estimated population of more than 2.7 million in 2023. It comprises the city and parts of regencies surrounding the city, including Banyuasin Regency (11 administrative districts), Ogan Ilir Regency (seven districts), and Ogan Komering Ilir Regency ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batavia, Dutch East Indies
Batavia was the capital of the Dutch East Indies. The area corresponds to present-day Jakarta, Indonesia. Batavia can refer to the city proper or its suburbs and hinterland, the , which included the much larger area of the Residency of Batavia in the present-day Indonesian provinces of Jakarta, Banten and West Java. The founding of Batavia by the Dutch in 1619, on the site of the ruins of History of Jakarta, Jayakarta, led to the establishment of a Dutch colony; Batavia became the center of the Dutch East India Company's trading network in Asia. Monopolies on local produce were augmented by non-indigenous cash crops. To safeguard their commercial interests, the company and the colonial administration absorbed surrounding territory. Batavia is on the north coast of Java, in a sheltered bay, on a land of marshland and hills crisscrossed with canals. The city had two centers: Kota Tua Jakarta, Oud Batavia (the oldest part of the city) and Sawah Besar, Weltevreden (the relatively n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch East India Company
The United East India Company ( ; VOC ), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered company, chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world. Established on 20 March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating Voorcompagnie, existing companies, it was granted a 21-year monopoly to carry out trade activities in Asia. Shares in the company could be purchased by any citizen of the Dutch Republic and subsequently bought and sold in open-air secondary markets (one of which became the Amsterdam Stock Exchange). The company possessed quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, strike Coinage of the Dutch East India Company, its own coins, and establish colonies. Also, because it traded across multiple colonies and countries from both the East and the West, the VOC is sometimes considered to have been the world's first multinational corporation. St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
