The base of skull, also known as the cranial base or the cranial floor, is the most inferior area of the

skull The skull, or cranium, is typically a bony enclosure around the brain of a vertebrate. In some fish, and amphibians, the skull is of cartilage. The skull is at the head end of the vertebrate. In the human, the skull comprises two prominent ...

. It is composed of the endocranium and the lower parts of the calvaria.

Structure

Structures found at the base of the skull are for example:

Bones

There are five bones that make up the base of the skull: *

Ethmoid bone The ethmoid bone (; from ) is an unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. It is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical (cube-shaped) bone is lightweight due to a spongy constructi ...

Sphenoid bone The sphenoid bone is an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of occipital bone, basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bon ...

Occipital bone The occipital bone () is a neurocranium, cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. The occipital bone lies over the occipital lob ...

Frontal bone In the human skull, the frontal bone or sincipital bone is an unpaired bone which consists of two portions.'' Gray's Anatomy'' (1918) These are the vertically oriented squamous part, and the horizontally oriented orbital part, making up the bo ...

Temporal bone The temporal bone is a paired bone situated at the sides and base of the skull, lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex. The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides of the head known as the temples where four of the cranial bone ...

Sinuses

* Occipital sinus * Superior sagittal sinus * Superior petrosal sinus

Foramina of the skull

* Foramen cecum *

Optic foramen The ''optic foramen'' is the opening to the optic canal. The canal is located in the sphenoid bone; it is bounded medially by the body of the sphenoid and laterally by the lesser wing of the sphenoid. The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is ...

* Foramen lacerum * Foramen rotundum * Foramen magnum * Foramen ovale * Jugular foramen * Internal auditory meatus * Mastoid foramen * Sphenoidal emissary foramen * Foramen spinosum Endobasis - resistances beams

Sutures

* Frontoethmoidal suture * Sphenofrontal suture * Sphenopetrosal suture * Sphenoethmoidal suture * Petrosquamous suture * Sphenosquamosal suture

Other

* Sphenoidal lingula * Subarcuate fossa * Dorsum sellae * Jugular process * Petro-occipital fissure * Condylar canal * Jugular tubercle * Tuberculum sellae *

Carotid groove The carotid groove is an anatomical groove in the sphenoid bone located above the attachment of each great wing of the sphenoid bone. The groove is curved like the italic letter f, and lodges the internal carotid artery The internal carotid ar ...

* Fossa hypophyseos * Posterior clinoid processes * Sigmoid sulcus * Internal occipital protuberance * Internal occipital crest * Ethmoidal spine * Vestibular aqueduct * Chiasmatic groove * Middle clinoid process * Groove for sigmoid sinus * Trigeminal ganglion * Middle cranial fossa *

Anterior cranial fossa The anterior cranial fossa is a depression in the floor of the cranial base which houses the projecting frontal lobes of the brain. It is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and ...

Middle meningeal artery The middle meningeal artery (') is typically the third branch of the maxillary artery#First portion, first portion of the maxillary artery. After branching off the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa, it runs through the foramen spinosum t ...

Cribriform plate In mammalian anatomy, the cribriform plate (Latin for lit. '' sieve-shaped''), horizontal lamina or lamina cribrosa is part of the ethmoid bone. It is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities. It s ...

* Posterior cranial fossa * Nasociliary nerve * Hypoglossal canal

Additional images

File:Gray193.png , Base of the skull. Upper surface File:Schädelbasis1.jpg, Base of skull File:Base of skull 3.jpg, Base of skull - crista galli, cribriform plate and foramen cecum File:Base of skull 11.jpg, Base of skull - sella turcica File:Base of skull 24.jpg, The anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa in different colors {{Authority control Skull Human head and neck Bones of the head and neck Otorhinolaryngology Neurosurgery