The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive season to have below average
tropical cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
activity, with twenty-two
named storms, and was the least active since
2011
The year marked the start of a Arab Spring, series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen ...
. Nine became typhoons, and five of those intensified into super typhoons. This low activity was caused by a strong
La Niña
LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second most populous city in the United States of America.
La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment Music
*La (musical note), or A, the sixth note
*"L.A.", a song by Elliott Smit ...
that had persisted from the previous year. The season's first named storm,
Dujuan, developed on February 16, while the last named storm,
Rai
(), commercially styled as since 2000 and known until 1954 as (RAI), is the national public broadcasting company of Italy, owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. RAI operates many terrestrial and subscription television channels a ...
, dissipated on December 21. The season ran throughout 2021, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first typhoon,
Surigae, reached typhoon status on April 16. It became the first
super typhoon
Since 1947, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) has classified all typhoons in the Tropical cyclone basins#Northwestern Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Pacific Ocean with wind speeds of at least —the equivalent of a strong Category 4 on th ...
of the year on the next day, also becoming the
strongest tropical cyclone in 2021. Surigae was also the most powerful tropical cyclone on record in the Northern Hemisphere for the month of April.
Typhoons In-fa and
Rai
(), commercially styled as since 2000 and known until 1954 as (RAI), is the national public broadcasting company of Italy, owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. RAI operates many terrestrial and subscription television channels a ...
are responsible for more than half of the total damage this season, adding up to a combined total of $2.02 billion.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between
100°E and
180th meridian
The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian (geography), meridian 180° both east and west of the prime meridian in a Geographic coordinate system, geographical coordinate system. The longitude at this line can be given as either east ...
. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones, which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The
Japan Meteorological Agency
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
(JMA) named tropical cyclones that were judged to have 10-minute
sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) anywhere in the basin, whilst the
(PAGASA) assigned names to tropical cyclones which moved into or formed as a tropical depression in their
area of responsibility
Area of responsibility (AOR) is a pre-defined geographic region assigned to Combatant commanders of the Unified Command Plan (UCP), that are used to define an area with specific geographic boundaries where they have the authority to plan and c ...
located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N, regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that were monitored by the United States'
Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC) were given a number with a "W" suffix.
__TOC__
Seasonal forecasts
During the year, several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many
tropical cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
s, tropical storms, and
typhoon
A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere and which produces sustained hurricane-force winds of at least . This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, accounting for a ...
s will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies included the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of
University College London
University College London (Trade name, branded as UCL) is a Public university, public research university in London, England. It is a Member institutions of the University of London, member institution of the Federal university, federal Uni ...
,
PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog language, Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS ...
and Taiwan's
Central Weather Bureau
The Central Weather Administration (CWA; ) is the government meteorological research and forecasting institution of Taiwan (the Republic of China). In addition to meteorology, the Central Weather Administration also makes astronomical observation ...
. The first forecast was released by PAGASA on December 27, 2020, in their monthly seasonal climate outlook predicting the first half of 2021.
The PAGASA predicts that only 0–3 tropical cyclones are expected to form or enter the
Philippine Area of Responsibility
The Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is an area in the Northwestern Pacific where PAGASA, the Philippines' national meteorological agency, monitors weather occurrences. Significant weather disturbances, specifically typhoons that enter o ...
between January and March, while 1–4 tropical cyclones are expected to form between April and June. PAGASA also predicted that the ongoing
La Niña
LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second most populous city in the United States of America.
La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment Music
*La (musical note), or A, the sixth note
*"L.A.", a song by Elliott Smit ...
could persist until the end of the first quarter of 2021.
Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) issued their first extended range forecast on May 11, predicting a slightly below-average season with 24 tropical storms, 15 typhoons and 9 intense typhoons.
On June 23, the PAGASA released their monthly climate outlook for the rest of 2021, predicting 5 to 9 tropical cyclones developing or entering their area of responsibility from July to September, and 5 to 8 tropical cyclones from October to December.
TSR issued an update to their forecast on July 7, reiterating their expectations for slightly below-average activity.
On August 9, TSR issued their final forecast for the season, slightly lowering their numbers to 25 named storms, 13 typhoons and 7 intense typhoons.
Seasonal summary
The season began in January with a weak and short-lived tropical depression that brought damages to the Philippines. In mid-February, another tropical depression formed, before being assigned the local name ''Auring'' by the PAGASA. The system then strengthened into a tropical storm, being given the name ''Dujuan'' by the JMA, making it the first named storm of the year. Another tropical depression formed in March, though it was short-lived, dissipating shortly after forming. On April 12, a tropical depression formed to the south of
Woleai
Woleai (), also known as Oleai, is a coral atoll of 22 islands in the western Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean, forming a legislative district in the Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia, and located approximately west-northwest ...
. It strengthened into a tropical storm, being given the name ''Surigae'' by the JMA. On April 15, it was further upgraded into a severe tropical storm, before being upgraded to a typhoon on the next day, and to a
super typhoon
Since 1947, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) has classified all typhoons in the Tropical cyclone basins#Northwestern Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Pacific Ocean with wind speeds of at least —the equivalent of a strong Category 4 on th ...
on April 17, making it the first of the season and the strongest recorded cyclone to form in the month of April in the Northern Hemisphere, however, it did not hit any landmasses. Then, in mid-May a new tropical depression was named ''Crising'' by the PAGASA and made landfall on
Baganga
Baganga (), officially the Municipality of Baganga, is a municipality in the province of Davao Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 58,714 people, making it the third largest town in province.
It is the l ...
,
Davao Oriental
Davao Oriental (; ), officially the Province of Davao Oriental (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Mati, Davao Oriental, Mati which is the most ...
as a weak tropical storm, bringing minimal damages due to its small size. Two tropical depressions formed on May 29 and 30 respectively, with the first being assigned the local name ''Dante'' by the PAGASA. Dante intensified into a tropical storm, being assigned the name
Choi-wan, before moving over the
Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
and making landfall eight times, bringing widespread damages to the country. A tropical depression formed behind Choi-wan on May 30; it didn't develop further.
The second typhoon of the season, Champi, briefly threatened the
Ogasawara Islands
The Bonin Islands, also known as the , is a Japanese archipelago of over 30 subtropical and tropical islands located around SSE of Tokyo and northwest of Guam. The group as a whole has a total area of but only two of the islands are permanen ...
before recurving through the main Japanese islands. Another depression formed at the end of June; it stayed from any landmasses while two tropical depressions formed in early July with both of them affecting land. One of them was named ''Emong'' by PAGASA. In mid-July, In-fa formed and became the third typhoon of the season. The storm contributed to rainfall and flooding in eastern
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
as it made landfall near
Shanghai
Shanghai, Shanghainese: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the ...
. Meanwhile, Cempaka formed and intensified into a typhoon affecting southern China and northern
Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
. Another tropical storm, Nepartak, formed as Cempaka made landfall. Nepartak affected Japan in late July, disrupting the
2020 Summer Olympics
The officially the and officially branded as were an international multi-sport event that was held from 23 July to 8 August 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, with some of the preliminary sporting events beginning on 21 July 2021. Tokyo ...
, before becoming extratropical in the
sea of Japan
The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it ...
.
By the end of July, activity abruptly increased as eight tropical depressions formed within a week. Half of them were short-lived and dissipated without becoming tropical storms. Another depression and the remaining three were named ''Lupit'', ''Nida'', and ''Mirinae''. Lupit and Mirinae both threatened
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
while Nida stayed out to sea. A system from the Central Pacific traveled a long distance and became Tropical Storm Omais over the
Philippine Sea
The Philippine Sea is a List of seas#Marginal seas by ocean, marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean east of the list of islands of the Philippines, Philippine Archipelago (hence the name) and the List of seas#Largest seas ...
.
After Omais, the tropics stayed quiet for the rest of August until early September, when Conson rapidly intensified to become a typhoon in less than 24 hours before hitting the
Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
and Chanthu becoming the second Category 5-equivalent super typhoon of the season. After Chanthu dissipated, there was a pause in activity until Typhoon Mindulle and Tropical storm Dianmu formed. Dianmu soon made landfall on Vietnam and dissipated, but Mindulle went on to become the third Category 5-equivalent super typhoon of the season.
Soon thereafter in the month of October, four storm named Lionrock, Kompasu, Namtheun, and Malou formed. Lionrock made landfall over Vietnam, causing agricultural damage. Kompasu made landfall in the Philippines and later China, causing severe flooding, infrastructure, and agricultural damage. Tropical Depression Nando also formed in early October but was absorbed by Kompasu. Namtheun initially peaked as a minimal tropical storm while being highly sheared, but unexpectedly conditions became briefly more favorable and peaked as a minimal typhoon. The system transitioned into an extratropical low before explosively intensifying into a bomb cyclone and impacting the
Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest (PNW; ) is a geographic region in Western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Though no official boundary exists, the most common ...
. In late October, Malou peaked as a Category 2-equivalent typhoon, and only impacted the
Bonin Islands
The Bonin Islands, also known as the , is a list of islands of Japan, Japanese archipelago of over 30 subtropical and Island#Tropical islands, tropical islands located around SSE of Tokyo and northwest of Guam. The group as a whole has a total ...
. In the South China Sea, tropical depression 26W formed before making landfall in southern Vietnam and causing torrential flooding.
After an unusual four-week break of inactivity, Nyatoh formed on November 29 and later strengthened to a typhoon on December 1. It later turned towards the northeast, became a super typhoon then transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. After Nyatoh, in the early week of
December
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days.
December's name derives from the Latin word ''decem'' (meaning ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in t ...
, a disturbance formed east of the
Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
and moved eastward, while dumping rains on parts of
Visayas
The Visayas ( ), or the Visayan Islands (Bisayan languages, Visayan: ''Kabisay-an'', ; Filipino language, Filipino: ''Kabisayaan'' ), are one of the three Island groups of the Philippines, principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, a ...
and
Mindanao
Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...
. After that, it merged with another invest (designated ''96W'' by the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
) and headed towards the west-northwest. It later strengthened to a tropical depression by December 12, with the JTWC later designating it as 28W. 9 hours later, 28W intensified to Tropical Storm Rai, meaning ''
Yapese stone money.'' Rai continued intensifying as it headed west and passed south of
Ngulu State, and intensified into a severe tropical storm by 14 December. It got battered by wind shear as it neared the small island country of
Palau
Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific Ocean. The Republic of Palau consists of approximately 340 islands and is the western part of the Caroline Islands ...
, and by evening, entered the
Philippine Area of Responsibility
The Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is an area in the Northwestern Pacific where PAGASA, the Philippines' national meteorological agency, monitors weather occurrences. Significant weather disturbances, specifically typhoons that enter o ...
and was given the local name of ''Odette''. Four hours later, Rai (Odette) began showing an eye feature first seen in
microwave imaging Microwave imaging is a science which has been evolved from older detecting/locating techniques (e.g., radar) in order to evaluate hidden or embedded objects in a structure (or media) using electromagnetic (EM) waves in microwave regime (i.e., ~300&n ...
, with Rai later becoming a Category 1-equivalent typhoon. Steady intensification ensued, and Rai later reached Category 2-equivalent status.
By the evening of December 15, Typhoon Rai underwent unexpected
rapid intensification
Rapid intensification (RI) is any process wherein a tropical cyclone strengthens very dramatically in a short period of time. Tropical cyclone forecasting agencies utilize differing thresholds for designating rapid intensification events, th ...
, doubling its wind speeds from a 120 km/h (75 mph) to 260 km/h (160 mph)—Category 5-equivalent winds—by December 16, effectively making it a
super typhoon
Since 1947, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) has classified all typhoons in the Tropical cyclone basins#Northwestern Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Pacific Ocean with wind speeds of at least —the equivalent of a strong Category 4 on th ...
. Rai then began an eyewall replacement cycle shortly after reaching its first peak intensity, weakening below Category 5-equivalent status. It made landfall in
General Luna, Surigao del Norte
General Luna, officially the Municipality of General Luna ( Surigaonon: Lungsod nan General Luna; ), is a municipality in the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 22,853 people.
Formerl ...
as a 155 mph Category 4-equivalent storm. It made 8 more landfalls, weakening to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon by the time it entered the
Sulu Sea
The Sulu Sea (; Tausug: ''Dagat sin Sūg''; ; ) is a body of water in the southwestern area of the Philippines, separated from the South China Sea in the northwest by Palawan and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipela ...
. Rai then began to re-intensify, making its 10th landfall in
Roxas, Palawan
Roxas, officially the Municipality of Roxas (), is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 69,624 people.
History
Roxas was created under Republic Act No. 615 in 1951 from the ...
. After this, Rai continued re-intensification, becoming a Category 5-equivalent typhoon once again in the
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...
, the first in the month of December and the third to do so after
Typhoon Pamela (1954)
Typhoon Pamela was an intense and destructive typhoon which affected the Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, and South China during October and November 1954.
Meteorological history
On October 26, a tropical cyclone formed east of the Philippines ...
and
Typhoon Rammasun
Typhoon Rammasun, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Glenda, was one of the only four Category 5 Tropical cyclone scales#Western Pacific, super typhoons on record in the South China Sea, with the other ones being Typhoon Pamela (1954), Pamela i ...
. After this, Rai began weakening, eventually dissipating west of the
Batanes
Batanes, officially the Province of Batanes (; Ilocano: ''Probinsia ti Batanes''; , ), is an archipelagic province in the Philippines, administratively part of the Cagayan Valley region. It is the northernmost province in the Philippines, an ...
in December 21. A tropical depression, designated ''29W'' by JTWC, formed in December 14 and affected
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...
with widespread flooding, and struck around the same time as Rai was pounding through the
Visayas
The Visayas ( ), or the Visayan Islands (Bisayan languages, Visayan: ''Kabisay-an'', ; Filipino language, Filipino: ''Kabisayaan'' ), are one of the three Island groups of the Philippines, principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, a ...
. 29W dissipated by December 17, as Rai entered the Sulu Sea.
Rai contributed to the change of
PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog language, Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS ...
's Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals and TC classification, which itself was deemed as a super typhoon by the agency when the change was made on March 23, 2022.
Systems
Tropical Storm Dujuan (Auring)
At 06:00 UTC on February 16, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had formed.
Eight hours later, the JTWC issued a
Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert
A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone formi ...
(TCFA) for the system. By February 17, the system moved into the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), and was assigned the local name ''Auring'' from the PAGASA. At 06:00 UTC on the same day, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, giving it the designation ''01W''. The system was later named ''Dujuan'' as the first named storm of 2021. The PAGASA later upgraded Dujuan to a severe tropical storm; however, this only lasted for six hours. On February 20, the storm significantly weakened into a tropical depression due to high vertical
wind shear
Wind shear (; also written windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical ...
. Both JMA and JTWC issued their final advisories moments after. The storm made landfall over Batag Island in
Laoang
Laoang, officially the Municipality of Laoang (; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Northern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 61,607 people.
It i ...
,
Northern Samar
Northern Samar (; ), officially the Province of Northern Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is Catarman, the most populous town in the province and is located at the northern portion of ...
at 09:00 PHT (01:00 UTC) on February 22, dissipating thereafter.
Dujuan briefly moved over
Palau
Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific Ocean. The Republic of Palau consists of approximately 340 islands and is the western part of the Caroline Islands ...
on February 16 as a tropical depression, bringing heavy
rainfall
Rain is a form of precipitation where water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. ...
to parts of the country. Classes and government work were suspended on February 22 in parts of
Eastern Visayas
Eastern Visayas (; ; ; ) is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region VIII. It consists of three main islands: Samar, Leyte, and Biliran. The region has six provinces: Biliran, Leyte, Northern Samar, Samar, Easte ...
and
Central Visayas
Central Visayas (; or ) is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines, numerically designated as Region VII. With only two Provinces of the Philippines, provinces: Cebu and Bohol, as well as three Cities of the Phi ...
, including Surigao del Sur.
A total of 242,194 individuals were affected in
Northern Mindanao
Northern Mindanao (; Maranao language, Maranao: ''Pangotaraan Mindanao''; ) is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region X. It comprises five Provinces of the Philippines, provinces: Bukidnon, ...
,
Caraga
Caraga, officially the Caraga Administrative Region (or simply known as Caraga region) and designated as Region XIII, is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines occupying the northeastern section of Mindanao. Th ...
, and in the
Davao Region
Davao Region, formerly called Southern Mindanao (; ), is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region XI. Situated at the southeastern portion of Mindanao, enclosing Davao Gulf, it comprises fiv ...
. At least 77,811 of the affected individuals were taken to 344 various evacuation shelters in each region. One person was reported dead with four others reported missing, with total damages to agriculture and infrastructure amounting to
₱
The Philippine peso sign (₱) is the currency symbol used for the Philippine peso, the official currency of the Philippines. The symbol resembles a Latin script, Latin letter P with two horizontal strokes. It differs from the currency symbol u ...
159.8 million (US$3.29 million).
Typhoon Surigae (Bising)
A
low-pressure area
In meteorology, a low-pressure area (LPA), low area or low is a region where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of surrounding locations. It is the opposite of a high-pressure area. Low-pressure areas are commonly associated with incle ...
south of Woleai developed into a tropical depression on April 12. A few hours later, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the developing storm, with the PAGASA beginning to issue advisories for the tropical depression as it remained outside of the PAR. On April 13, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression and assigned it the designation ''02W''. At 18:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the cyclone to a tropical storm and named it ''Surigae''. On April 15 at 00:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded Surigae to a severe tropical storm as an
eye
An eye is a sensory organ that allows an organism to perceive visual information. It detects light and converts it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons (neurones). It is part of an organism's visual system.
In higher organisms, the ey ...
began forming. Later that day, the JTWC upgraded the storm to a typhoon, making it the first of the season. Surigae then entered the PAGASA's Philippine Area of Responsibility, getting the local name ''Bising.'' Surigae continued to
rapidly intensify until it reached Category 5-equivalent super typhoon status, becoming the most intense typhoon ever recorded in the month of April.
Surigae soon reached its peak intensity, with a minimum central pressure of , 10-minute
maximum sustained wind
The maximum sustained wind associated with a tropical cyclone is a common
indicator of the intensity of the storm. Within a mature tropical cyclone, it is found within the eyewall at a certain distance from the center, known as the radius of ma ...
s of 220 km/h (140 mph), and 1-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph).
A few days later, on April 22, Surigae began to weaken again, with the storm's structure deteriorating and its large eye dissipating.
Soon afterward, all of the remaining convection was sheared to the east as the storm moved over cooler waters. Late on April 24, JTWC and JMA declared and issued their final advisory that Surigae had become
extratropical
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of p ...
.
Winds of up to 30 mph (50 km/h) were recorded in Yap on that day as Surigae passed from the southwest. Damage in Palau was estimated at US$4.8 million.
Very strong winds and heavy
rain
Rain is a form of precipitation where water drop (liquid), droplets that have condensation, condensed from Water vapor#In Earth's atmosphere, atmospheric water vapor fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is res ...
s affected the eastern part of the Philippines, with
storm surge
A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the ...
inundating parts of coastline nearest to the typhoon. Surigae killed a total of 8 people and left another 10 missing.
The storm also caused at least
₱
The Philippine peso sign (₱) is the currency symbol used for the Philippine peso, the official currency of the Philippines. The symbol resembles a Latin script, Latin letter P with two horizontal strokes. It differs from the currency symbol u ...
272.55 million (
US$
The United States dollar (Currency symbol, symbol: Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and International use of the U.S. dollar, several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introdu ...
5.65 million) in damages.
Tropical Depression 03W (Crising)
On May 11, the JTWC noted a persistent area of
convection
Convection is single or Multiphase flow, multiphase fluid flow that occurs Spontaneous process, spontaneously through the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces on a fluid, most commonly density and gravity (see buoy ...
in the
Philippine Sea
The Philippine Sea is a List of seas#Marginal seas by ocean, marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean east of the list of islands of the Philippines, Philippine Archipelago (hence the name) and the List of seas#Largest seas ...
, approximately west of Palau. The JTWC issued a TCFA for the convection on May 12, as it further developed in an environment with low vertical wind shear and warm
sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the ocean temperature, temperature of ocean water close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies in the literature and in practice. It is usually between and below the sea ...
s. Just three hours later, the agency recognized that the area of convection had quickly consolidated into a tropical depression and assigned it with the identifier of ''03W''. Around the same time, the JMA had also recognized the storm as a tropical depression while it was to the east of Mindanao. Since the storm developed within the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the PAGASA immediately named the storm ''Crising'' once the agency recognized it as a tropical depression as well, and later raised Signal No. 2 warnings for areas in Mindanao. In the early hours of May 13, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm, with the PAGASA following suit hours later. Later that day, Crising's low-level circulation center became exposed due to wind shear, and it lost organization. At 8:20 p.m.
Philippine Standard Time
Philippine Standard Time (PST or PhST; ), also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time zone used in the Philippines. The country only uses a single time zone, at an UTC offset, offset of UTC+08:00, but has used dayligh ...
(12:20 UTC), Crising made landfall in Baganga, Davao Oriental as a weakening tropical storm. It quickly degraded as soon as it made landfall, with both the JTWC and the PAGASA downgrading it to a tropical depression at 15:00 UTC. At 03:00 UTC on that day, the PAGASA reported that the system degenerated to an area of low-pressure in the vicinity of
Piagapo in
Lanao del Sur
Lanao del Sur (; Meranaw and ; Jawi ''(Batang Arab)'': ), officially the Province of Lanao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital is the city of Marawi (th ...
, thus lifting all warning signals on Mindanao and issuing their final advisory. On May 14, the system dissipated over the
Sulu Sea
The Sulu Sea (; Tausug: ''Dagat sin Sūg''; ; ) is a body of water in the southwestern area of the Philippines, separated from the South China Sea in the northwest by Palawan and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipela ...
, and both the JMA and the JTWC issued their final advisories on the storm.
In preparations for the storm, the local government of
Davao Occidental
Davao Occidental (; ), officially the Province of Davao Occidental (; ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is the municipality of Malita, the most populous town in the province. To the east lies ...
raised a blue alert on May 13, with the authorities in the area preparing rescue equipment in case of emergency.
The PAGASA also warned small vessels near the area to stay away from the rough seas caused by the storm.
Schools were ordered to be suspended for that day in Davao Occidental, including the submission of modules.
When Crising made landfall, it caused widespread rains and flooding across Mindanao and Southern Visayas. Gusty winds were also felt in parts of Mindanao where the storm passed.
In Baganga, some trees were knocked down by strong winds, while strong winds with heavy rainfall were reported in
Cateel
Cateel (), officially the Municipality of Cateel (; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Davao Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 44,207 people.
...
and
Boston
Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...
, all in the province.
Three men and a carabao were required to be rescued from the rising
Kabacan River in the early hours of May 14; they were successfully released safely from the said river.
An evacuation center in
South Upi, Maguindanao were reported to be flooded and some crops near the center were submerged in floodwaters, all due to a rising river near the area.
Agricultural damages were estimated at ₱23.2 million (US$486,000).
Tropical Storm Choi-wan (Dante)
On May 27, the JMA and the JTWC noted the persistence of an area of
atmospheric convection
Atmospheric convection is the vertical transport of heat and moisture in the atmosphere. It occurs when warmer, less dense air rises, while cooler, denser air sinks.
This process is driven by parcel-environment instability, meaning that a "par ...
about south-southeast of
Guam
Guam ( ; ) is an island that is an Territories of the United States, organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagåtña, Guam, Hagåtña, and the most ...
. The area's nearby environment exhibited low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, which were ideal conditions for
tropical cyclogenesis
Tropical cyclogenesis is the development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere. The mechanisms through which tropics, tropical cyclogenesis occur are distinctly different from those through which temperate cyclogenesis occu ...
.
The JMA assessed the area to have developed into a tropical depression on May 29 at 06:00 UTC. The PAGASA made a similar assessment in a Tropical Cyclone Advisory issued at 15:00 UTC. The JTWC later followed with their own assessment, identifying the center of the newly developed tropical depression and assigning the designation ''04W''. As the system tracked westward, it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility at 01:00
PHT (17:00 UTC). The PAGASA then named the storm ''Dante'' in its first Tropical Cyclone Bulletin for the storm. Dante further organized in the Philippine Sea, and on May 30 at 15:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm, with the PAGASA doing the same at 21:00 UTC. On the next day at 00:00 UTC, the JMA also upgraded Dante into a tropical storm, giving it the international name ''Choi-wan''. Choi-wan's center was exposed due to a
tropical upper tropospheric trough
A tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT), also known as the mid-oceanic trough, is a trough situated in the upper-level (at about 200 hPa) tropics. Its formation is usually caused by the intrusion of energy and wind from the mid-latitudes into ...
from the northeast, inducing shear on the system. On June 1 at 12:30 UTC, Choi-wan made landfall on
Sulat, Eastern Samar as a minimal tropical storm, with the JTWC downgrading it to a tropical depression at 15:00 UTC. It made a second landfall on
Cataingan at 17:00 UTC. Choi-wan made several more landfalls on the Philippines, making its third landfall on
Balud, Masbate
Balud, officially the Municipality of Balud, is a municipality in the province of Masbate, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 40,155 people.
Balud is from Masbate City.
Etymology
The name Balud came from the ...
at 19:30 UTC. It made a fourth landfall on
Romblon, Romblon
Romblon, officially the Municipality of Romblon, is a municipality and capital of the province of Romblon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 40,554 people. The archipelagic municipality is the capital of the pro ...
on June 2 at 00:00 UTC, a fifth on
San Agustin, Romblon
San Agustín, officially the Municipality of San Agustín, (formerly Guintigui-an and Badajoz), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Romblon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has ...
at 00:50 UTC, a sixth on
Pola, Oriental Mindoro
Pola, officially the Municipality of Pola (), is a municipality in the province of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 35,455 people. It is from Calapan.
Pola is known as the birthplace of former ...
at 06:00 UTC, a seventh on
Tingloy, Batangas at 11:20 UTC, and an eighth and final landfall on the
Calatagan Peninsula before moving into the South China Sea. On June 3 at 03:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded Choi-wan back to a tropical storm. At 03:00 UTC, the PAGASA removed all Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals as Choi-wan moved away from the country. Choi-wan then exited the PAR on June 3 at 18:00 UTC before weakening into a tropical depression on the next day at 06:00 UTC and re-entering the PAR at 08:00 UTC. Then, it passed southeast of the island of
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
before moving out near the
Okinawa Prefecture
is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan. It consists of three main island groups—the Okinawa Islands, the Sakishima Islands, and the Daitō Islands—spread across a maritime zone approximately 1,000 kilometers east to west an ...
and heading towards
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
. On June 5 at 06:00 UTC, the
Japan Meteorological Agency
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
issued their final advisory on the system. 3 hours later at 09:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded Choi-wan back into a tropical storm, however at 15:00 UTC, the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
downgraded the system to a tropical depression, also issuing their final advisory on the system.
Heavy rains caused floods in parts of Mindanao; 11 fatalities were reported, 3 people were injured, and 2 people are missing.
As of June 4, 55,226 people were affected and 16,680 people are inside evacuation centers. A total of ₱307.2 million (US$6.39 million) of damages were incurred throughout the country, of which ₱152.1 million (US$3.17 million) was agricultural damages and ₱155.1 million (US$3.23 million) was related to infrastructure.
On June 1, classes and government work for parts of
Davao de Oro
Davao de Oro, officially the Province of Davao de Oro (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is Nabunturan while Monkayo is the most populous. It used to be part ...
,
Eastern Samar
Eastern Samar ( Waray-Waray: ''Sinirangan Samar''; ), officially the Province of Eastern Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Borongan, which is the most populous. Eastern Samar ...
,
Leyte
Leyte ( ) is an island in the Visayas group of islands in the Philippines. It is eighth-largest and sixth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 2,626,970 as of 2020 census.
Since the accessibility of land has been ...
, and
Surigao del Sur
Surigao del Sur (Surigaonon language, Surigaonon: ''Probinsya nan Surigao del Sur''; ; ), officially the Province of Surigao del Sur, is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Caraga Regions of the Philippines ...
were suspended for the day.
Tropical Storm Koguma
On June 10, the JTWC started to monitor an area of low-pressure in the
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...
, approximately to the south of
Hong Kong
Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...
, with the agency classifying the system as a
monsoon depression
The monsoon trough is a convergence zone between the wind patterns of the southern and northern hemispheres. It is a portion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the Western Pacific,Bin WangThe Asian Monsoon.Retrieved 2008-05-03. and is depi ...
.
Tracking west-northwestward, the storm was located in a favorable environment for further development, with warm
sea surface temperatures
Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the ocean temperature, temperature of ocean water close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies in the literature and in practice. It is usually between and below the sea ...
and low wind shear.
At 00:00 UTC on June 11, the JMA upgraded the system into a tropical depression.
[ Six hours later, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system as it began to show characteristics of a monsoon depression. By 18:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, assigning it the name ''Koguma''.][ On June 12 at 00:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded Koguma to a tropical depression, assigning it the designation ''05W''.] Later that day, the JTWC also upgraded Koguma to a tropical storm.[ By June 12, it had made landfall southeast of ]Hanoi
Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Vietnam, second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red River (Asia), Red and Black River (Asia), Black Riv ...
, and dissipated the next day.
1 person died in Yên Bái province
Yên Bái was a former Provinces of Vietnam, province located in Northwest (Vietnam), Northwest Vietnam. It shares borders with six provinces which are Hà Giang province, Lào Cai province, Lai Châu province, Sơn La province, Phú Thọ provinc ...
as a result of Koguma.
Typhoon Champi
At 00:00 UTC on June 18, the JTWC started to monitor a broad area of convection nearly to the south-southwest of Pohnpei
Pohnpei (formerly known as Ponape or Ascension, from Pohnpeian: "upon (''pohn'') a stone altar (''pei'')") is an island of the Senyavin Islands which are part of the larger Caroline Islands group. It belongs to Pohnpei State, one of the fou ...
. The system remained weak as it moved northwestwards in a favorable environment for further intensification, characterized by warm sea surface temperatures, low to moderate wind shear and good outflow
Outflow may refer to:
*Capital outflow, the capital leaving a particular economy
*Bipolar outflow, in astronomy, two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star
* Outflow (hydrology), the discharge of a lake or other reservoir system
*Outflow ...
; the disturbance remained weak as it moved northwestwards. The JTWC issued a TCFA on the system two days later, though the system remained disorganized. The JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on June 21. Meanwhile, the JTWC designated it as ''06W'' in their first advisory on the system, with an exposed LLCC being evident on satellite imagery due to moderate wind shear, being induced by a tropical upper tropospheric trough to its north. By 21:00 on June 21, 06W made its closest passage to the south-southwest of Guam, continuing its northwest track. On June 22, at 06:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm as it continued to move away from Guam. The JMA followed and upgraded the system into a tropical storm, in June 23 at 00:00 UTC, and assigned it the name ''Champi''. At 18:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the storm to a severe tropical storm as it turned northwestwards. At this time, a microwave imagery scan of Champi revealed an eye feature emerging in the system; however, this was short lived as dry air continued to impact the storm from the west. In addition, poleward outflow on the system remained weak on June 24, restricting Champi to significantly develop. However, on the next day, as a shortwave trough
A shortwave or shortwave trough is an embedded kink in the trough / ridge pattern. Its length scale is much smaller than that of and is embedded within longwaves, which are responsible for the largest scale (synoptic scale) weather systems. Sho ...
crossed the Ryukyu Islands
The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Geography of Taiwan, Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands (Ōsumi Islands, Ōsumi, Tokara Islands, Tokara and A ...
, the outflow increased on the storm which allowed it to intensify further. On June 25, at 06:00 UTC, the JMA officially declared the storm a typhoon. The JTWC soon followed, upgrading it into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon. At this time, a Champi turned north and north-northwestwards, and subsequently reached its peak intensity of 120 km/h (75 mph) ten-minute maximum sustained winds
The maximum sustained wind associated with a tropical cyclone is a common
indicator of the intensity of the storm. Within a mature tropical cyclone, it is found within the eyewall at a certain distance from the center, known as the radius of ma ...
with a minimum barometric pressure
Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , which is equivalent to 1,013.2 ...
of by 21:00 UTC on June 25, however it was downgraded to a tropical storm a day later. The storm continued to weaken as it move towards the Japanese islands
The is an archipelago of 14,125 islands that form the country of Japan. It extends over from the Sea of Okhotsk in the northeast to the East China and Philippine seas in the southwest along the Pacific coast of the Eurasian continent, and cons ...
, until on June 27, the JMA issued its last advisory at 12:00 UTC as the system became an extratropical low
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of p ...
. The JTWC also issued its last warning for Champi at 09:00 UTC, same day.
In the wake of the tropical depression, the National Weather Service
The National Weather Service (NWS) is an Government agency, agency of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weathe ...
in Guam issued a tropical storm watch for Rota in the Northern Mariana Islands
The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), is an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territory and Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), commonwealth of the United States consistin ...
and a tropical storm warning for the whole island of Guam on June 21. Marine and flash flood warnings were also posted on the former and on Saipan
Saipan () is the largest island and capital of the Northern Mariana Islands, an unincorporated Territories of the United States, territory of the United States in the western Pacific Ocean. According to 2020 estimates by the United States Cens ...
, Tinian
Tinian () is one of the three principal islands of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Together with uninhabited neighboring Aguiguan, it forms Tinian Municipality, one of the four constituent municipalities of the Northern ...
, and other islands in the east and south, while classes on an elementary and a high school in the latter were suspended the next day due to a reported power outage. Electrical disruptions were also experienced on Chalan Pago, Toto/Canada, and Santa Rita in Guam due to the system's near approach. As it moved away from the island and the Marianas, the watch and warning in those areas were lifted at 01:00 UTC on June 22. In the Bonin Islands
The Bonin Islands, also known as the , is a list of islands of Japan, Japanese archipelago of over 30 subtropical and Island#Tropical islands, tropical islands located around SSE of Tokyo and northwest of Guam. The group as a whole has a total ...
, residents in the area were advised of rough seas and gusty winds caused by Champi.
Tropical Depression 07W (Emong)
On July 2, the JTWC started to monitor a tropical disturbance to the southwest of Guam. Moving northwestwards, the disturbance was located in an environment conducive for intensification in the Philippine Sea, with warm sea surface temperatures, and low wind shear, in addition to good poleward outflow, being induced by an upper-level trough to the northwest. The JMA upgraded the broad and weak system to a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC on the next day, followed by a TCFA being issued by the JTWC an hour and a half later. The PAGASA subsequently upgraded the system to a tropical depression at 02:00 UTC on July 4, naming it ''Emong''. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC also upgraded the system to a tropical depression, designating it as ''07W''. On July 6, PAGASA issued its last advisory on Tropical Depression Emong at 03:00 UTC as it moved outside the PAR and also lift up the warnings which were imposed earlier in the wake of Emong. Meanwhile, the JMA soon followed and issued its last advisory. JTWC also issued its last advisory as its convection was significantly sheared and its low level circulation dissipated rapidly over six hours.
In the Philippines, the depression's approach required the raising of Public Storm Warning Signal
Tropical cyclone warnings and watches are alerts issued by national weather forecasting bodies to coastal areas threatened by the imminent approach of a tropical cyclone of tropical storm or hurricane intensity. They are notices to the local pop ...
No. 1 in the provinces of Batanes
Batanes, officially the Province of Batanes (; Ilocano: ''Probinsia ti Batanes''; , ), is an archipelagic province in the Philippines, administratively part of the Cagayan Valley region. It is the northernmost province in the Philippines, an ...
and the northeastern portion of Cagayan
Cagayan ( ), officially the Province of Cagayan (; ; ; isnag language, Isnag: ''Provinsia nga Cagayan''; ivatan language, Ivatan: ''Provinsiya nu Cagayan''; ; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Cag ...
, including the Babuyan Islands
The Babuyan Islands ( ), also known as the Babuyan Group of Islands, is an archipelago in the Philippines, located in the Luzon Strait north of the main island of Luzon and south of Taiwan. The archipelago consists of five major islands and thei ...
, starting on July 4. The Office of Civil Defense of Cagayan were also on blue alert on the next day due to the storm, with the agency conducting a pre-disaster assessment with other government bureaus that day. The residents in the coastal areas of Palanan
Palanan , officially the Municipality of Palanan ( Ibanag: ''Ili nat Palanan''; ; ), is a municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. It also served as the final capital of the First Philippine Republic from 1900 until the capture of P ...
, Divilacan, Maconacon
Maconacon, officially the Municipality of Maconacon ( Ibanag: ''Ili nat Maconacon''; ; Tagalog/ Kasiguranin: ''Bayan ng Maconacon''), is a municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population o ...
and Dinapigue
Dinapigue (, sometimes ), officially the Municipality of Dinapigue (; ; tagalog language, Tagalog/kasiguranin language, Kasiguranin: ''Bayan ng Dinapigue''), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province ...
in Isabela
Isabela may refer to:
People with the given name
* Isabela Boscov, Brazilian film critic
* Isabela Corona (1913–1993), Mexican actress
* Isabela Garcia (born 1967), Brazilian actress
* Isabela Moraes (born 1980), Brazilian synchronized swimmer
...
were also warned of the storm while fishing activities in the region were prohibited due to Emong.
Tropical Depression 08W
At 12:00 UTC on July 3, the PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog language, Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS ...
started to monitor a low-pressure area that developed near Torrijos, Marinduque
Torrijos, officially the Municipality of Torrijos (), is a municipality in the province of Marinduque, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 30,476 people.
Torrijos is from Boac.
History
The municipality of Torrijos ...
or 149 kilometers to the south of Manila
Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...
, followed by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC)'s advisory at 01:00 UTC on the next day, citing the system's development as "low". In the latter's analysis on the disturbance, multispectral and microwave image scans on the system showed a weak low-level circulation center
The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of a tropical cyclone. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weath ...
over the eastern part of Mindoro
Mindoro is the seventh largest and eighth-most populous island in the Philippines. With a total land area of 10,571 km2 ( 4,082 sq.mi ), it has a population of 1,408,454, as of the 2020 census. It is located off the southwestern coast of ...
with flaring convection in the western periphery. Traveling northwestwards, the storm was located in an environment conductive for further intensification, with warm sea surface temperatures
Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the ocean temperature, temperature of ocean water close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies in the literature and in practice. It is usually between and below the sea ...
of , low wind shear
Wind shear (; also written windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical ...
around the region and good equatorial outflow
Outflow may refer to:
*Capital outflow, the capital leaving a particular economy
*Bipolar outflow, in astronomy, two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star
* Outflow (hydrology), the discharge of a lake or other reservoir system
*Outflow ...
; however, model forecasts were split regarding the disturbance's strengthening trend. Also that day at 15:00 UTC, the low-pressure area exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility
The Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is an area in the Northwestern Pacific where PAGASA, the Philippines' national meteorological agency, monitors weather occurrences. Significant weather disturbances, specifically typhoons that enter o ...
(PAR), which was followed by the Japan Meteorological Agency
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
(JMA) upgrading the storm to a tropical depression roughly three hours later. Eventually, the JTWC upgraded the system's potential intensification trend to "high" and subsequently issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert
A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone formi ...
at 00:30 UTC on June 6 as a circulation became well-defined. It then changed its motion towards the west along the periphery of a subtropical ridge
The horse latitudes are the latitudes about 30 degrees north and south of the Equator. They are characterized by sunny skies, calm winds, and very little precipitation. They are also known as subtropical ridges or highs. It is a high-pressur ...
on the north and northwest as it approached the Hainan Island
Hainan is an island province and the southernmost province of China. It consists of the eponymous Hainan Island and various smaller islands in the South China Sea under the province's administration. The name literally means "South of the Sea ...
. By 06:00 UTC on the next day, the disturbance moved inland on the region near Lingshui Li Autonomous County
Língshuǐ Li Autonomous County is an autonomous county in Hainan, China. It is one of the six Autonomous areas of China, autonomous counties of Hainan with a postal code of 572400, and in 1999 a population of 318,691, largely made up of the Li p ...
before emerging on the Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin ( northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of . It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern co ...
, in an area of low to moderate wind shear
Wind shear (; also written windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical ...
. Later, the disturbance began to reorganize; however, strong wind gradient suppressed its intensification, with flaring convection displaced to the west. Nine hours later, the JTWC upgraded the system to a weak tropical depression with maximum sustained winds of 45 km/h (30 mph); the JMA analysed the storm to be at 55 km/h (35 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure
Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , which is equivalent to 1,013.2 ...
of 1000 hPa
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an S ...
(29.53 inHg
Inch of mercury (inHg, ″Hg, or in) is a non- SI unit of measurement for pressure. It is used for barometric pressure in weather reports, refrigeration and aviation in the United States.
It is the pressure exerted by a column of mercury in h ...
). By the night of that day, the depression, with the identifier ''08W'' from the JTWC made landfall on Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
on that intensity, before subsequently issuing their final warning as the agency confirmed that the system dissipated inland, with the evidences of radar and satellite imagery. The JMA continued to monitor the system until it dissipated at 00:00 UTC on July 8 over Laos
Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and ...
.
PAGASA issued rainfall advisories on July 6 as the depression's precursor low tracked near the Philippines. The China Meteorological Administration
The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) is the national weather service of the People's Republic of China. The institution is located in Beijing.
History
The agency was originally established in December 1949 as the Central Military Comm ...
(CMA), Hong Kong Observatory
The Hong Kong Observatory is a weather forecast agency of the government of Hong Kong. The Observatory forecasts the weather and issues warnings on weather-related hazards. It also monitors and makes assessments on radiation levels in Hong ...
(HKO), and Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau
The Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG, ; ) is a department of the Macao Government. It provides weather forecasts and issues warnings on weather-related hazards. It also provides geophysical-related services to meet the needs of the pub ...
(SMG) issued tropical cyclone warnings on July 7. The warnings imposed by the HKO and SMG were later lifted at 06:10 UTC (14:10 HKT) as the system moved away from Hong Kong and Macao. As the depression approached Vietnam, the Vietnamese Ministry of Defense readied 264,272 soldiers and 1,979 vehicles for potential emergencies. Aquaculture activities were also temporarily banned. A peak rainfall total of was recorded at Sầm Sơn
Sầm Sơn ə̤m˨˩:səːn˧˧is a resort city of Thanh Hóa province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam.
History Middle Ages
Before the 20th century, Sầm Sơn never appeared in any Map, geographical map. It was originally the name of a ...
on July 7. Rough seas and flooding were experienced in Thanh Hóa
Thanh Hóa () is the capital of Thanh Hóa Province. The city is situated in the east of the province on the Ma River (Sông Mã), about 150 kilometers (93 miles) south of capital Hanoi and 1560 kilometers (969 miles) north of Ho Chi Minh Cit ...
's Hoằng Hóa District. About of rice crops and a water pipeline in Minh Luong commune, Van Ban district were both inundated and washed away by floods in Lào Cai
Lào Cai () is a city in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is the capital of Lào Cai Province. The city borders Bảo Thắng District, Bát Xát District, Sa Pa and the city of Hekou Yao Autonomous County, in Yunnan province of southwe ...
.
Typhoon In-fa (Fabian)
At 06:00 UTC on July 14, the JTWC started to monitor an area of low pressure west-northwest of Guam. Located in an area favorable for intensification with warm sea surface temperatures as its outflow improved, the system struggled to develop under moderate wind shear before gradually intensifying, with the agency issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 20:30 UTC on the next day. On July 16, the PAGASA upgraded the disturbance to a tropical depression as it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, assigning it the local name ''Fabian''. The JMA later recognized the system as a tropical depression at 03:00 UTC on the same day, with the JTWC doing the same at 09:00 UTC, designating it as ''09W''. On July 18 at 00:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm assigning it the name ''In-fa''. The JTWC also upgraded it to a tropical storm at 03:00 UTC. The system had deep flaring convection, however its low-level circulation was broad and elongated. On July 18, at 00:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm. In-fa started moving westwards, and as it gradually strengthened, In-fa developed a formative eye on July 20, at 03:00 UTC. At 09:00 UTC, the JTWC declared In-fa to have strengthened into a typhoon as it had deep convection and robust outflow. The JMA also followed suit and upgraded In-fa to a typhoon at 12:00 UTC because of good upper-level outflow and higher sea surface temperatures; however, its central dense overcast was still obscure. On the next day at 03:00 UTC, In-fa strengthened into a Category 2-equivalent typhoon as its central convection continued to deepen. The feeder bands became more compact and the eye of the typhoon became clearer and more defined. The JTWC assessed that it peaked as a Category 2-equivalent typhoon with maximum wind speeds of at 03:00 UTC the same day. Because of dry air, the JTWC later downgraded In-fa to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon at 03:00 UTC the next day despite the presence of warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear. On July 23 at 21:00 UTC, In-fa got further downgraded to a tropical storm by the JTWC, as its eyewall became fragmented and the deep convection was not continuous over the eye; it later re-intensified into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon again at 03:00 UTC the next day as it regained convective depths and it managed to maintain a ragged eye. At 09:00 UTC, PAGASA issued its final advisory as Typhoon In-fa moved northwards and exited the PAR. On July 24, at 06:00 UTC, In-fa peaked as a typhoon with maximum 10-minute sustained wind speeds of and a minimum pressure of , according to the JMA. On the next day, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) noted In-fa to have made landfall in Putuo Island
Mount Putuo (, from Sanskrit: "Mount Potalaka") is an island in Putuo District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China. It is a renowned site in Chinese Buddhism and is the bodhimaṇḍa of the bodhisattva Guanyin.
Mount Putuo is one of the four sacr ...
at around 04:30 UTC. After making landfall, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm at 09:00 UTC as it eye structure began to degrade. JMA later downgraded to a severe tropical storm at 12:00 UTC, because of influence of land and involvement of dry air.
Typhoon Cempaka
On July 17, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had formed. The JTWC later issued a TCFA for the system, as the aforementioned area of convection became more organized. By the following day, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression and designated it as ''10W'', with the storm possessing an improved convective structure and a defined low-level circulation. The JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm at 21:00 UTC as it had a defined low-level circulation center with improved banding structure. At 00:00 UTC on July 19, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, assigning it the name ''Cempaka''. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC declared Cempaka to have strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon as it developed a ragged wide eye. The JMA later upgraded it to a severe tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on the next day. On July 20, at 06:00 UTC, Cempaka peaked as a severe tropical storm with 10-sustained maximum wind speed of with minimum pressure of , according to JMA. JTWC assessed that it peaked as a typhoon with maximum 1-minute sustained wind of . Cempaka made landfall near Jiangcheng District
Jiangcheng () is a district of Yangjiang, Guangdong
) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, ...
, Yangjiang
Yangjiang (), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Yeungkong, is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Guangdong Province in the People's Republic of China. It borders Maoming to the west, Yunfu to the north, Jiangmen to the east, and loo ...
, Guangdong
) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...
Province, and the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm at 18:00 UTC the same day as its low-level circulation center became obscure. The JMA also downgraded Cempaka to a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC the next day as it moved further inland and its central dense overcast disappeared. At 09:00 UTC, the JTWC further downgraded Cempaka to a tropical depression as its deep convection declined; however, it still retained a well-defined wind field. After moving inland, Cempaka started moving westward at 00:00 UTC on July 21 due to weak steering flow. Remaining inland, Cempaka maintained tropical storm intensity as it continued westward, but due to unfavorable conditions over land, it weakened into a tropical depression on the next day at 00:00 UTC. On July 22, at 09:00 UTC, Cempaka then moved southwards towards the Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin ( northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of . It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern co ...
because of the influence of the monsoonal westerlies, while maintaining its tropical depression intensity inland. Cempaka moved southward, crossed Móng Cái
Móng Cái (, /mong:gaai:si/) is a city in Quảng Ninh province in Northeast Vietnam.
History
Its name Móng Cái (硭街市, /mong:gaai/) originated from Cantonese language, meaning "the mong market". It generalized the situation of the popu ...
, Quảng Ninh Province in Vietnam and later entered the Gulf of Tonkin at 03:00 UTC. However, Cempaka further weakened despite the presence of warm sea surface temperatures because of high monsoonal wind shear and land interaction. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final warning on the system as it became a weakly defined system with an exposed low-level circulation center over Bạch Long Vĩ Island
Bạch is a Vietnamese language surname, which means "white".''Behind the Name''"Surname Bạch" Retrieved on 26 January 2016. The name is transliterated as Bai in Chinese, and as Baek (also often spelled Baik, Paek or Paik) in Korean. Bach may ...
. On July 26 at 00:00 UTC, the JMA issued its last advisory.
In preparation for the tropical depression, the HKO issued a Signal No. 1 warning for Hong Kong at 13:40 UTC on July 18, which was later upgraded to a Signal No. 3 warning as Cempaka neared the Pearl River Delta
The Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary, where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. Referred to as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in official documents, ...
. However, as it moved away from Hong Kong, the HKO downgraded it to a Signal No. 1 warning, which was later cancelled at 11:40 UTC. The CMA issued an orange alert for the southern provinces of China as Cempaka moved closer to Guangdong, China
) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...
, though it was later downgraded to a blue alert as it entered the Chinese mainland. It was later lifted by the CMA, as the threat of Cempaka was minimal. As Cempaka made landfall in Guangdong, there were reports of heavy rainfall and rough waves in the region. Over 990 flights were cancelled in Guangzhou, Shenzhen
Shenzhen is a prefecture-level city in the province of Guangdong, China. A Special economic zones of China, special economic zone, it is located on the east bank of the Pearl River (China), Pearl River estuary on the central coast of Guangdong ...
and Zhuhai
Zhuhai; Yale romanization of Cantonese, Yale: ''Jyūhói''; Chinese postal romanization, also known as Chuhai is a prefecture-level city located on the west bank of the Pearl River (China), Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern ...
. The influence of Cempaka caused heavy rainfall in Henan Province, along with In-fa causing devastating floods in the region.
The JMA has upgraded Cempaka's intensity from Severe Tropical Storm to Typhoon in the post analysis.
Tropical Storm Nepartak
At 06:00 UTC on July 22, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC) started to monitor a tropical disturbance with subtropical
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...
features along the eastern portion of a monsoon trough
The monsoon trough is a convergence zone between the wind patterns of the southern and northern hemispheres. It is a portion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the Western Pacific,Bin WangThe Asian Monsoon.Retrieved 2008-05-03. and is dep ...
, located approximately to the north of Guam
Guam ( ; ) is an island that is an Territories of the United States, organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagåtña, Guam, Hagåtña, and the most ...
. A weak system, multispectral satellite imageries revealed that the disturbance was disorganized along the said trough, while advanced scaterrometer data showed the same feature with southerly convergent flow over the northern Mariana Islands
The Mariana Islands ( ; ), also simply the Marianas, are a crescent-shaped archipelago comprising the summits of fifteen longitudinally oriented, mostly dormant volcanic mountains in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, between the 12th and 21st pa ...
. Environmental analysis depicted an unfavorable amount of wind shear
Wind shear (; also written windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical ...
, although the agency noted that the disturbance could form as a subtropical cyclone along the subtropical trough with the help of baroclinity
In fluid dynamics, the baroclinity (often called baroclinicity) of a stratified fluid is a measure of how misaligned the gradient of pressure is from the gradient of density in a fluid. In meteorology, a baroclinic flow is one in which the dens ...
. Tracking northeastward, the system slowly organized, with a low-level circulation center
The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of a tropical cyclone. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weath ...
developing seen on meteorological satellite imageries. The Japan Meteorological Agency
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
(JMA) designated the disturbance as a tropical depression, seventeen hours later while the JTWC upgraded the system's potential intensification trend from "medium" to "high" and subsequently issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert
A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone formi ...
(TCFA) on the storm at 22:30 UTC that day. At 12:00 UTC, Dvorak intensity observations and surface wind data from satellite scatterometer
A scatterometer or diffusionmeter is a scientific instrument to measure the return of a beam of light or radar waves scattered by diffusion in a medium such as air. Diffusionmeters using visible light are found in airports or along roads to measur ...
confirmed that the depression further intensified to the eighth tropical storm
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its lo ...
of the season, whereupon the JMA named it as ''Nepartak''. The JTWC, however only issued its first warning on Nepartak as ''Tropical Depression 11W'', three hours later as its LLCC further became broad and exposed with its center remaining weakly defined while being steered on the continued direction by a north–south oriented subtropical ridge
The horse latitudes are the latitudes about 30 degrees north and south of the Equator. They are characterized by sunny skies, calm winds, and very little precipitation. They are also known as subtropical ridges or highs. It is a high-pressur ...
. Nine hours later, the agency further upgraded the system to a subtropical storm as vigorous deep convection further became constant on the east of the still-exposed and elongated circulation center. By July 24, Nepartak was guided north-northeastwards by an upper-level low and a trough. Baroclinic interaction with the latter also led to the development of a large and asymmetric wind field, with the maximum sustained winds of being far from the center. Later, the system's core became ragged as it turned northwards and further northeast before shifting north again while remaining at that intensity. At 09:00 UTC of the next day, the JTWC noted two distinct vorticities, being spaced to each other, with each having an elongated circulation from the south-southwest to the north-northeast.
The intensity of Nepartak remained at until 15:00 UTC on July 26, when the system slightly intensified to as it underwent a rapid structural evolution while moving west-northwestwards. At that time, the storm was now almost centered underneath an upper-level low, in which it interacted with for several days prior. Nepartak also began to accelerated as it moved poleward, while subsequently reaching its peak intensity 12 hours later, with winds of and a minimum barometric pressure
Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , which is equivalent to 1,013.2 ...
of . As it turned towards the north, the system started to approach the Tōhoku region
The , Northeast region, , or consists of the northeastern portion of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. This traditional region consists of six prefectures (): Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Miyagi, and Yamagata.
Tōhoku retains ...
, and its circulation center became well-defined while located under the cold-core low, which was causing dry air intrusions within the cyclone. The system began to weaken to a low-end tropical storm before making landfall near the town of Minamisanriku in Miyagi Prefecture at 23:00 UTC as a subtropical depression. As it rapidly crossed far western Honshu
, historically known as , is the largest of the four main islands of Japan. It lies between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It is the list of islands by area, seventh-largest island in the world, and the list of islands by ...
, its LLC became disorganized and ragged, with its convective signature collapsing as it crossed the Japanese Alps
The is a series of mountain ranges in Japan which bisect the main island of Honshu. The peaks that tower over central Honshu have long been the object of veneration and pilgrimage. These mountains had long been exploited by local people for raw m ...
. At 15:00 UTC on July 28, the JTWC issued its final warning and bulletin on the system as it emerged over the Sea of Japan
The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it ...
. Meanwhile, the JMA continued to monitor the remaining remnants on the area until it dissipated at 12:00 UTC on July 31.
The system was the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in any part of Miyagi Prefecture since reliable records began in 1951. As Nepartak was anticipated to bring bad weather in the midst of the 2020 Summer Olympics
The officially the and officially branded as were an international multi-sport event that was held from 23 July to 8 August 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, with some of the preliminary sporting events beginning on 21 July 2021. Tokyo ...
, the rowing competitions
Rowing is the act of propelling a human-powered watercraft using the sweeping motions of oars to displace water and generate reaction (physics), reactional propulsion. Rowing is functionally similar to paddling, but rowing requires oars to ...
were rescheduled.
Tropical Depression 12W
On August 1, the JTWC issued a TCFA for a disturbance in the open western Pacific as it had an ill-defined low-level circulation center and deep convection. On the next day, at 00:00 UTC, the JMA recognized it as a tropical depression as it was located near Minami-Tori-shima
sometimes Minami-Tori-shima or Minami-Torishima, also known as Marcus Island, is an isolated Japanese coral atoll in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, located some southeast of Tokyo and east of the closest Japanese island, South Iwo Jima of t ...
. It was moving northwards at . A few hours later, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, giving it the designation ''12W''. At that time, the LLC of the storm remained exposed and its strongest convection or thunderstorms were displaced to the west. A deep-layered subtropical ridge to the east guided the depression to move to the north-northwest while being near from a monsoon gyre. Despite being located in a favorable environment for additional strengthening, another system to the south slowly interacted with the depression, which weakened the storm's intensity. It reached its peak intensity that day, with winds of in the estimates of the JMA and the JTWC. By August 3, the JTWC downgraded 12W to a disturbance as its structure deteriorated; the agency upgraded it back to a tropical depression a day later. The system's LLC then became fully exposed, and on August 6, both the JTWC and the JMA assessed that 12W had dissipated.[
]
Tropical Storm Lupit (Huaning)
On August 2, the JMA noted a tropical depression near Zhanjiang had formed. Soon afterwards, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the disturbance situated approximately 153 nm west-southwest of Hong Kong. On the same day at 21:00 UTC, the JTWC assessed the system as a tropical depression and accordingly designated it as ''13W''. Twenty-four hours later, the agency upgraded the system to a tropical storm. On August 4 at 12:00 UTC, the JMA followed suit and designated the system as a tropical storm, assigning it the name ''Lupit''. A day later at 03:20 UTC, it made landfall over Nan'ao County
Nan'ao or Nanao (), formerly romanized Namoa, is an island and county of the prefecture-level city of Shantou in Guangdong Province, China. The county spans a land area of , and sea area of . As of 2020, the county had a permanent population o ...
in Shantou
Shantou, Chinese postal romanization, alternately romanization of Chinese, romanized as Swatow and sometimes known as Santow, is a prefecture-level city on the eastern coast of Guangdong, China, with a total population of 5,502,031 as of the 20 ...
, Guangdong Province
) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...
. At 08:50 UTC, it made another landfall over Dongshan County
() is a county of far southern Fujian Province, People's Republic of China, located along the Taiwan Strait. It comprises 44 islands for a total area of , and is under the administration of Zhangzhou City. The total population was around 220,000 ...
in Zhangzhou
Zhangzhou (, ) is a prefecture-level city in Fujian Province, China. The prefecture around the city proper comprises the southeast corner of the province, facing the Taiwan Strait and (with Quanzhou) surrounding the prefecture of Xiamen.
Nam ...
, Fujian Province
Fujian is a province in southeastern China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest prefecture city by population is Qua ...
. On August 7, it headed eastward and briefly entered the PAR, and was named ''Huaning'' by PAGASA. On August 8, at 18:00 UTC, Lupit peaked as a tropical storm with maximum 10-minute sustained winds of and minimum pressure of . Maximum 1-minute sustained speed of Lupit was . On August 9, at 00:00 UTC, the JMA issued its final warning, as it completed its extratropical transition. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC followed and issued its final warning.
Four were reported dead and one were missing due to Lupit in Taiwan; two drowned in Ren'ai, Nantou
Ren'ai Township ( zh, t=仁愛鄉, p=Rén'ài Xiāng, w=Jen2-ai4 Hsiang1) is a Township (Taiwan), mountain indigenous township in Nantou County, Taiwan. It has a population total of 15,670 and an area of 1,273.5312 km2, making it the secon ...
when they were washed away by a stream on August 6, one when a teenager fell into the Zengwen Reservoir
Zengwen Dam, also spelled Tsengwen Dam, () is a major earthen dam in Dapu Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan on the Zengwen River. It is the third tallest dam in Taiwan, and forms Zengwen Reservoir (曾文水庫), the biggest reservoir in Taiwan b ...
on August 11 while getting a phone that he dropped on the area; his body were recovered on the next day by the authorities. A man whose jogging in Anping Harbor was killed as he was smashed by a large wave into a seawall in the said area on August 7, while his two friends were injured.
Severe Tropical Storm Mirinae (Gorio)
On August 3, at 18:00 UTC, the JMA issued a tropical cyclone advisory for a tropical depression which was located off the east coast of Taiwan and north of the Philippines. The JMA later issued its first prognostic reasoning at the same time, stating that clusters of convective bursts were scattered around the low-level circulation. At 22:00 UTC, the same day, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system, as it had a consolidating low-level circulation, and it was located in a very conductive environment with high sea surface temperatures and low to moderate vertical wind shear. On the next day, at 03:00 UTC, the PAGASA recognized it as a tropical depression and named it ''Gorio'', as it was located inside the PAR. At 06:00 UTC, the JTWC did the same and designated it as ''14W'', as satellite imagery showed a fully exposed mesovortex
A mesovortex is a small-scale rotational feature found in a Thunderstorm, convective storm, such as a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS, i.e. squall line), a supercell, or the eyewall of a tropical cyclone. Mesovortices range in diameter from te ...
. On August 5, at 06:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm, naming it as ''Mirinae''. Clusters of convective bursts were gathering around the center with a curved manner, with Mirinae having distinct anticyclonic outflow. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC followed and upgraded it to a tropical storm, as the storm developed a partially exposed low-level circulation center. Flaring convection was present, though it was affected by moderate westerly wind shear. On August 7, at 18:00 UTC, Mirinae peaked as a tropical storm with maximum 10-sustained wind speed of and minimum barometric pressure of . Maximum 1-minute sustained wind speed of Mirinae was . On August 9, at 09:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final warning for the system. The JMA later issued its last warning on the next day at 00:00 UTC, as it became an extratropical cyclone.
Severe Tropical Storm Nida
On August 3, at 06:00 UTC, the JMA noted a tropical depression north of the Mariana Islands
The Mariana Islands ( ; ), also simply the Marianas, are a crescent-shaped archipelago comprising the summits of fifteen longitudinally oriented, mostly dormant volcanic mountains in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, between the 12th and 21st pa ...
which was moving northwards at . At 03:00 UTC, the next day, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system. By that time, it had developed a partially obscured low-level circulation center. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC recognized it as a tropical depression, designating it as ''15W''. On August 5, 03:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm, as its low-level circulation center became more defined. Three hours later, the JMA followed and named it ''Nida.'' Satellite imagery showed that convective bursts were organized into a curved band and that the system was exhibiting good anticyclone outflow. On August 6, at 18:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm, as it had distinct anticyclonic outflow. Nida then started moving eastwards at 6:00 UTC the next day, because of a mid-level subtropical high-pressure area along with the westerlies
The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. They originate from the high-pressure areas in the horse latitudes (about ...
. On August 7, at 09:00 UTC, the JTWC issued the last advisory for the system, as its low-level circulation center was partly exposed due to the westerlies inflicting shear upon the storm. However, the JMA continued to publish bulletins for the system. Nida continued its trajectory. On August 7, 12:00 UTC, the JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm due to shear and a generally less conductive environment. The JMA further downgraded it to an extratropical low at 00:00 UTC the next day as it completed its extratropical transition.
Tropical Storm Omais (Isang)
On August 6, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center
The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) of the United States National Weather Service is the official body responsible for tracking and issuing tropical cyclone warnings, watches, advisories, discussions, and statements for the Central Pacif ...
(CPHC) first noted an area of disturbed weather positioned around south-southwest of Honolulu
Honolulu ( ; ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is the county seat of the Consolidated city-county, consolidated City and County of Honol ...
. Four days later, the low-pressure area crossed the International Date Line
The International Date Line (IDL) is the line extending between the South and North Poles that is the boundary between one calendar day and the next. It passes through the Pacific Ocean, roughly following the 180.0° line of longitude and de ...
, and on August 10, at 06:00 UTC, the JMA declared it as a tropical depression as it was located northeast of Ratak
The Ratak Chain ( , ) is a chain of islands and atolls within the island nation of the Marshall Islands. Ratak means "sunrise". It lies to the east of the country's other island chain, the Ralik Chain. In 1999, the total population of the Rata ...
. By 13:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system as satellite imagery showed it had developed a well-defined low-level circulation. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC recognized it as a tropical depression and designated it as ''16W'' as satellite imagery depicted developing spiral bands and a defined low-level circulation center. The system briefly became a tropical storm; However, at 21:00 UTC, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical depression as its convection struggled to organize itself. It regained its intensity at 09:00 UTC the next day as its convection became more organized. Satellite imagery also continued to indicate the presence of a well-defined low-level circulation center. It was downgraded to a tropical depression again on the next day as its low-level circulation center became less defined. On August 16, at 00:00 UTC, the JMA issued its final advisory for the system, losing its tropical cyclone characteristics because of unfavorable conditions. Later at 00:00 UTC, the next day, the JMA started tracking the system again. At 09:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final advisory as the system's convection became further disorganized despite the presence of a marginally favorable environment. At 19:30 UTC on August 18, the JTWC issued a TCFA for its remnants as its low-level circulation center improved significantly. On August 19, the system was upgraded by PAGASA to a tropical depression, and a few hours later, it received the local name ''Isang'' as it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility. At 15:00 UTC, the system was re-upgraded to a tropical depression by the JTWC, as its deep convection started to become more organized over the low-level center. On August 20, at 12:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded to a tropical storm, naming it as ''Omais''. Favorable conditions like high sea-surface temperatures, high tropical cyclone heat potential
Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP) is one of such non-conventional oceanographic parameters influencing the tropical cyclone intensity. The relationship between Sea Surface Temperature
Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) ...
, and low wind shear helped it to develop over the past few hours. The JTWC did the same thing at 21:00 UTC, the same day. At 18:00 UTC the next day, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm as satellite imagery showed convective bursts gathering around the center in a curved manner; however, shortly after at 06:00 UTC on August 22, it weakened into a tropical storm due to increasing wind shear from the westerlies
The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. They originate from the high-pressure areas in the horse latitudes (about ...
. At 03:00 UTC on August 23, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical depression as its convection was severely affected by the extremely high westerly wind shear. On August 24 at 00:00 UTC, the JMA issued its final advisory as the system became an extratropical cyclone over the Sea of Japan
The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it ...
. Nine hours later, the JTWC followed and issued its last warning for Omais.
As the system neared the islands of Guam, the NWS issued a tropical storm watch at 22:36 UTC on August 14. At 10:00 UTC on August 15, the NWS issued a tropical storm watch for the island of Rota. However, all watches were lifted by the NWS at 09:14 UTC the next day as the system further weakened.
Tropical Depression 17W
On September 1 on 00:00 UTC, the JMA noticed a tropical depression near Wake Island
Wake Island (), also known as Wake Atoll, is a coral atoll in the Micronesia subregion of the Pacific Ocean. The atoll is composed of three islets – Wake, Wilkes, and Peale Islands – surrounding a lagoon encircled by a coral reef. The neare ...
. At 06:00 UTC, the JTWC gave a medium chance of formation for the system over the same area, despite being classified as subtropical depression, as it developed a well defined, partially exposed low-level circulation center. At 20:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system, and at 03:00 UTC the next day, it was upgraded to a tropical depression and was designated as ''17W'', as its low-level circulation center became more defined but still partially exposed. The system maintained its defined convective structure, however at 09:00 UTC on September 3, it struggled to consolidate because of presence of dry air causing its convective structure to diminish. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final advisory as its remaining convection was sheared by the incoming westerlies. At 12:00 UTC on September 4, the JMA stopped tracking the system.
Severe Tropical Storm Conson (Jolina)
On September 3, a disturbance was noted by the JTWC, approximately from Andersen Air Force Base
Andersen Air Force Base (Andersen AFB, AAFB) is a United States Air Force base located primarily within the village of Yigo in the United States territory of Guam. The host unit at Andersen AFB is the 36th Wing (36 WG), assigned to the Pacif ...
in Yigo, Guam
Yigo, Guam (; ) is the northernmost village of the United States territory of Guam, and is the location of Andersen Air Force Base. The municipality of Yigo is the largest village on the island in terms of area. It contains a number of populated pl ...
, as it developed a weakly defined low-level circulation center. The disturbance gradually intensified, and on September 5, the JMA recognized the system as a tropical depression. Later that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA as its low-level circulation center and its surrounding convection became well organized. The agency recognized the system as a tropical depression around four hours later. At 21:00 UTC, the PAGASA recognized the system as a tropical depression, with the agency assigning it the local name ''Jolina''. The next day on 06:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, assigning it the international name ''Conson'', with the JTWC following suit three hours later. At 12:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded it typhoon before downgrading it into a tropical storm at 18:00 UTC. Three hours later, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm. At the same moment, Conson rapidly intensified into a typhoon according to the PAGASA as it made its first landfall on Hernani, Eastern Samar
Hernani, officially the Municipality of Hernani (; ), is a municipality in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 8,531 people.
It was formerly called Nag-as, after the name of the river ...
.[Alt URL]
/ref> Conson then made another landfall at 02:30 PHT (18:30 UTC) in Daram, Samar, and another one at 03:40 PHT (19:40 UTC) in Santo Niño, Samar
Santo Niño, officially the Municipality of Santo Niño (; ; ), is a municipality in the province of Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,519 people.
Formerly known as Limbancauayan, it consists of the nor ...
. At 06:30 PHT (22:30 UTC), Conson made a fourth landfall in Almagro, Samar
Almagro, officially the Municipality of Almagro (; ; ), is a municipality in the province of Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 9,273 people.
Geography
Barangays
Almagro is politically subdivided into 23 ba ...
. At 00:00 UTC on September 7, the JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm as it was significantly weakened by multiple landfalls. Conson then made a fifth landfall in Dimasalang, Masbate
Dimasalang, officially the Municipality of Dimasalang, is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Masbate, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 24,909 people.
Dimasal ...
at 11:00 PHT (03:00 UTC), later weakening into a severe tropical storm, according to PAGASA. Conson then made a sixth landfall over Torrijos, Marinduque
Torrijos, officially the Municipality of Torrijos (), is a municipality in the province of Marinduque, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 30,476 people.
Torrijos is from Boac.
History
The municipality of Torrijos ...
. Conson continued to pummel through more islands, making a seventh landfall over the area in Lobo, Batangas
Lobo, officially the Municipality of Lobo (), is a municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 40,736 people.
Etymology
The name "Lobo" may have come from:
The town was proclaime ...
. After making its eighth landfall at San Juan, Batangas
San Juan, officially the Municipality of San Juan (), is a municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 114,068 people.
The town is known for its baroque church, ancestral houses, ...
, Conson traversed the Batangas
Batangas, officially the Province of Batangas ( ), is a first class province of the Philippines located in the southwestern part of Luzon in the Calabarzon region. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 2,908,494 people, making ...
Cavite
Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite (; Chavacano: ''Provincia de Cavite''), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region. On the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest of Manila, i ...
area as the PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog language, Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS ...
declared it to have weakened back into a tropical storm. Conson made its ninth and final landfall in the vicinity of Mariveles, Bataan
Mariveles, officially the Municipality of Mariveles (), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Bataan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 149,879 people making it ...
. At 12:00 UTC, Conson re-intensified into a severe tropical storm, as it entered the West Philippine Sea
The Philippine Sea is a List of seas#Marginal seas by ocean, marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean east of the list of islands of the Philippines, Philippine Archipelago (hence the name) and the List of seas#Largest seas ...
. Three hours later, the PAGASA issued its final bulletin for Conson as it exited the PAR and accelerated westward.
As Conson moved westward, it came in contact with unfavorable conditions such as increasing vertical wind shear and land interaction with Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
. These conditions made Conson weaken, prompting the JMA to downgrade it to a tropical storm at 12:00 UTC on September 11 to further downgrade it to a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC the same day, with the JTWC downgrading it to a tropical depression at 03:00 UTC on September 12. It stalled off the coast of Vietnam near Quang Nam because of the confluence of three ridges. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final advisory as it made landfall near Da Nang, Vietnam, which caused the system to weaken rapidly. Satellite imagery showed that its low-level circulation center weakened significantly and became less defined. By 18:00 UTC of September 13, the JMA stopped tracking Conson, as the agency last noted it at 12:00 UTC.
According to the NDRRMC, 23 people were killed in the Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
due to the storm, with combined infrastructural and agricultural damages pegged at ₱5.17 billion (US$88.3 million). In Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
, 2 people were killed by flooding.[Daily Report 13/09/2021](_blank)
/ref> Agriculture damages on the offshore island of Lý Sơn
LY or ly may refer to:
Government and politics
* Libya (ISO 3166-1 country code LY)
* Lý dynasty, a Vietnamese dynasty
* Labour Youth of Ireland
* Legislative Yuan, the unicameral legislature of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
Science and tech ...
was estimated to be about 100 billion ₫ (US$3.9 million).
Typhoon Chanthu (Kiko)
At 06:00 UTC on September 5, the JTWC began monitoring an area of convection that had formed from Legazpi, Philippines. At 18:00 UTC the same day, the JMA declared it as a tropical depression. Five and half hours later, the JTWC issued a TCFA as its circulation and convection had significantly improved. At 09:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded the disturbance to a tropical depression, designating it as ''19W''. The JTWC later upgraded it to a tropical storm as it was noted that an eye-like feature was forming. The JMA later did the same at 00:00 UTC on September 7, naming it ''Chanthu''. At 09:30 UTC, the PAGASA reported that Chanthu entered the PAR, assigning it the name ''Kiko''. At 12:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm. At the same moment, Chanthu started its rapid intensification as it quickly became a minimal typhoon. Several hours later, the typhoon reached Category 4-equivalent status, and by the next day at 09:00 UTC, it reached Category 5-equivalent intensity, developing a -wide eye which was surrounded by very compact, intense convection. After reaching its initial peak, Chanthu was downgraded to a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon as its pinhole-shaped eye started to fade. However, by September 10, Chanthu began to re-intensify as its eye began to clear up. Chanthu further intensified into a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon once again at 09:00 UTC that day. On 05:00 PHT on September 11 (21:00 UTC on September 10), the PAGASA reported that Chanthu passed to the east of the Babuyan Islands
The Babuyan Islands ( ), also known as the Babuyan Group of Islands, is an archipelago in the Philippines, located in the Luzon Strait north of the main island of Luzon and south of Taiwan. The archipelago consists of five major islands and thei ...
; at 08:30 PHT (00:30 UTC), Chanthu made landfall in Ivana, Batanes
Ivana, officially the Municipality of Ivana (; Ilocano: ''Ili ti Ivana'';), is a municipality in the province of Batanes, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 1,407 people, making it the third least populated town ...
as the storm began to weaken slightly. On September 11, Chanthu began to weaken as it continued to move northwards with the presence of dry air. The PAGASA issued its last bulletin for Chanthu since it exited the PAR on the next day. By September 14, Chanthu was no longer a typhoon as it slowly moved south-eastwards towards Japan. Due to decreasing wind shear and marginally favorable sea surface temperatures, Chanthu strengthened enough for the JMA to re-classify it as a severe tropical storm on the next day. On September 17 on 09:00 UTC, Chanthu crossed near the town of Ikitsuki, Nagasaki
was a List of towns in Japan, town on the island of the same name located in Kitamatsuura District, Nagasaki, Kitamatsuura District, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,392 and a population density, ...
in Japan. It continued to move northwards as it moved through the rugged Japanese islands, causing it to weaken significantly. This caused the JMA to downgrade it to a tropical storm three hours later. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical depression, as it was also undergoing extratropical transition. On September 18, the JTWC issued its final warning for the system.
Chanthu caused devastating effects in the islands of Batanes as it was made a direct hit from the typhoon. According to the local residents it was the most ferocious storm even seen. More than 30,000 residents were affected from Region I, II, III and CAR
A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than cargo. There are around one billio ...
. Four municipalities went without power and none were restored and one municipality experienced water supply outage and none were restored. There were also reports of landslide and flooding mostly from Region I and III. As of September 15, total damages from the typhoon were up to ₱
The Philippine peso sign (₱) is the currency symbol used for the Philippine peso, the official currency of the Philippines. The symbol resembles a Latin script, Latin letter P with two horizontal strokes. It differs from the currency symbol u ...
37.4 million (US$748,000). On September 12, Chanthu passed east of Taiwan. This caused heavy rainfall over the island including the capital city Taipei
, nickname = The City of Azaleas
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, pushpin_map = Taiwan#Asia#Pacific Ocean#Earth
, coordinates =
, subdivision_type = Country ...
. Up to of rainfall was recorded and winds up to were reported. In China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
, the storm shut down both Shanghai Port
The Port of Shanghai ( zh, c=上海港, p=''Shànghǎi Gǎng'' ; Wu; ''Zånhae Kån'') is located in the vicinity of Shanghai, comprises a deep-sea port and a river port.
The main port enterprise in Shanghai, the Shanghai International Por ...
, the world's largest container port
A container port, container terminal, or intermodal terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles, for onward transportation. The transshipment may be between container ships and land v ...
, and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, the world's largest port by cargo throughput, briefly on 12–14 September, with about 86 vessels waiting outside the ports.
As Chanthu passed near the island of Jeju
Jeju may refer to:
South Korea
* Jeju Island (Jejudo), South Korea
* Jeju Province (formerly transliterated Cheju), a province of South Korea comprising Jejudo
** Jeju City, its capital
** Jeju dog, a dog native to Jejudo
** Jeju language
** The ...
, it caused winds up to and of rainfall. There were reports of structural damage and overwhelmed drainage systems on the island. 23 flights were grounded and 48 ferry sailings were cancelled.
Typhoon Mindulle
On September 21, the JTWC spotted an area of convection formed approximately from Guam
Guam ( ; ) is an island that is an Territories of the United States, organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagåtña, Guam, Hagåtña, and the most ...
. The system rapidly consolidated itself and formed a well-defined LLCC, and thus, the system strengthened into a tropical depression on 00:00 UTC of September 22. The JTWC did the same later that day, designating the system as ''20W''. At 09:00 UTC of September 23, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm, as its low-level circulation center became partially exposed. The JMA did the same three hours later, and named it ''Mindulle''.
At 12:00 UTC of September 24, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm. By 03:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded it to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, as it developed a small eye. The presence of dry air had slowed its intensification, but it still managed to become a typhoon. Mindulle started to rapidly intensify as it quickly intensified into a Category 2-equivalent typhoon. Its eye expanded but became ragged due to the presence of dry air. Mindulle continued its rapid intensification, as it further intensified into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon at 15:00 UTC. Its eye became well-defined and at 03:00 UTC the next day, it became a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, making it the third super typhoon of this season. Satellite imagery showed that the typhoon had developed a well defined eye and deepening of the central core.
At 15:00 UTC, Mindulle weakened into a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon as the eye and the convective structure started to degrade. It also underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, as it developed another eyewall. At 03:00 UTC of September 27, the JTWC further downgraded the system to a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, and six hours later, the agency had further downgraded it to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon because of the effects of the eyewall replacement cycle and the increasing presence of dry air. At 15:00 UTC of September 28, Mindulle re-intensified into a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, as it moved over favorable conditions. Satellite imagery showed that the typhoon continued to struggle to intensify. Its eye had steadily shrunk but it remained cloud covered and ragged. By the next day at 03:00 UTC, the JTWC re-upgraded it to a Category 4-equivalent typhoon as the eye cleared out again. At 21:00 UTC of September 29, it rapidly weakened and by 15:00 UTC the next day, it weakened from a Category 3-equivalent typhoon to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon. Cool dry air and cool sea-surface temperatures were responsible for the weakening. At 21:00 UTC of October 1, the JTWC issued its final warning as it downgraded to a tropical storm. Three hours later, JMA also issued its final warning, as it became extratropical cyclone, off the coast of Hokkaido
is the list of islands of Japan by area, second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefectures of Japan, prefecture, making up its own list of regions of Japan, region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō fr ...
.
Tropical Storm Dianmu
On September 21 at 18:00 UTC, the JMA noted a westward-moving low-pressure area over the South China Sea near the Philippines. Three hours later, the JTWC recognized this system. By 15:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical depression without issuing a TCFA for the system, as it rapidly improved its convective structure and developed a low-level circulation center; the JMA did the same three hours later. On September 23 at 06:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it as ''Dianmu'' as it continued to move westward and come closer to the Vietnamese coastline. The JTWC did the same thing, three hours later. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its last warning on the system as it made landfall near Da Nang, Vietnam, with its low-level circulation center being hampered following landfall. At 06:00 UTC on September 24, the JMA downgraded it to a tropical depression as it moved further inland.
Dianmu caused a total of 8 deaths, of which 6 occurred in Thailand and 2 occurred in Vietnam.
Tropical Storm Lionrock (Lannie)
On October 2, the JTWC noted an area of convection located approximately east of Davao, Philippines The next day, PAGASA had already classified the system as a tropical depression and named it ''Lannie''. Lannie made its first landfall on Bucas Grande Island at 04:30 PHT (October 3, 20:00 UTC). It then made an additional seven landfalls: ones in Cagdianao in the Dinagat Islands
Dinagat Islands ( Cebuano: ''Mga Pulo sa Dinagat''; Surigaonon: ''Mga Puyo nan Dinagat''; Kabalian: ''Mga Puyo san Dinagat''; Waray: ''Mga Purô han Dinagat''; Filipino: ''Mga Islang Dinagat''), officially the Province of Dinagat Islands, is ...
, Liloan
Liloan, officially the Municipality of Liloan (; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 153,197 people. Making it t ...
and Padre Burgos in Southern Leyte, Mahanay Island and Getafe
Getafe () is a municipalities in Spain, municipality and a city in Spain belonging to the Community of Madrid. , it has a population of 180,747, the region's sixth most populated municipality.
Getafe is located 13 km south of Madrid's city c ...
in Bohol, San Fernando
San Fernando may refer to:
People
*Ferdinand III of Castile (c. 1200–1252), called ''San Fernando'' (Spanish) or ''Saint Ferdinand'', King of Castile, León, and Galicia
Places Argentina
*San Fernando de la Buena Vista, city of Greater Buenos ...
in Cebu
Cebu ( ; ), officially the Province of Cebu (; ), is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, and consists of a main island and 167 surrounding islands and islets. The coastal zone of Cebu is identified as a ...
, Guihulngan
Guihulngan, officially the City of Guihulngan (; ), is a component city in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 102,656 people. Making it the third-most populous city in Negros Ori ...
in Negros Oriental
Negros Oriental (; ), officially the Province of Negros Oriental (; ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Negros Island. Its capital is the city of Dumaguete, one of the two regional centers of Negros Island Region, with the other b ...
, and its last two landfalls at Iloc Island and El Nido, Palawan
Palawan (, ), officially the Province of Palawan (; ), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of . The capital and largest c ...
. At 14:30 UTC of October 4, the JTWC re-issued a TCFA for the system, as it moved over the South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...
. At 06:00 UTC of October 5, the JMA recognized it as a tropical depression. At 11:00 PHT (03:00 UTC) of October 6, the PAGASA issued its final warning. At 09:00 UTC of the next day, the JTWC upgraded from a monsoonal depression to a tropical depression. It was designated as ''22W''. Before landfall in Hainan, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it ''Lionrock'' at 18:00 UTC.
Lionrock continued its trajectory, and between 09:00 UTC and 15:00 UTC of October 8, it made its first landfall over the island of Hainan
Hainan is an island provinces of China, province and the southernmost province of China. It consists of the eponymous Hainan Island and various smaller islands in the South China Sea under the province's administration. The name literally mean ...
.[Alt URL]
/ref> After making landfall, it briefly intensified a bit before weakening to its original intensity at 21:00 UTC. At 09:00 UTC of the next day, it crossed the island completely and entered the Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin ( northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of . It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern co ...
. On October 10, at 09:00 UTC, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical depression and issued its last warning, as it made landfall near Cat Bi International Airport
Cat Bi International Airport is located in Hai Phong, Vietnam.
History First Indochina War
During the war Cat Bi Air Base was used by French Air Force ('), units based there included:
*Group de Chasse 2/22 ''Languedoc'' equipped with the F8F ...
and its convection became disorganized over land.
Severe Tropical Storm Kompasu (Maring)
On October 6 of 18:00 UTC, the JMA noted that a low-pressure area had formed that was embedded in a large monsoonal circulation to the north of Palau
Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific Ocean. The Republic of Palau consists of approximately 340 islands and is the western part of the Caroline Islands ...
. The system developed into a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC of the next day. At 09:00 UTC (17:00 PHT), the PAGASA issued its first bulletin for the first tropical depression and assigned it the name ''Maring''. The JMA also noted the persistence of another, nearby tropical depression to its northeast, later named ''Nando Nando may refer to:
People
* Nando (name), a male given name or nickname (short for Fernando, Ferdinando, etc.)
* Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (born 1950), known as Nandó, Angolan politician and former Prime Minister of Angola
* Nando (f ...
''. As it is embedded in the same monsoonal depression and due to its proximity, Nando began to merge with Maring, and therefore formed a rather broad and large circulation. This prompted the JMA to upgrade the overall system to a tropical storm, and was named ''Kompasu''. However at that time, the JTWC still considered the system as two separate disturbances and issued separate TCFAs later in the day for both depressions, albeit noting the possibility of merging.[Alt URL]
/ref> The JTWC later considered the entire system as merged with their first warning for Kompasu.[Alt URL]
/ref> At midnight of October 11, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm, as it attained good cloud characteristics. At 12:10 UTC (20:10 PHT), Kompasu made its first landfall near Fuga Island
Fuga Island is an island and barangay located north of Luzon and is part of the Babuyan Islands, which is the second-northernmost island group of the Philippines. Barangay Fuga Island is one of the 42 barangays under the jurisdiction of the mun ...
of Cagayan Province. At 05:00 PHT of October 13 (21:00 UTC of October 12), the PAGASA issued its final bulletin as its exited the PAR and continued towards Hainan. Between 03:00 and 09:00 UTC of October 13, Kompasu had made landfall over the east coast of Hainan. By 18:00 UTC, the JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm, as it crossed the entire island and entered the Gulf of Tonkin, as its convection had rapidly weakened because of the rough terrain of the island. At 09:00 UTC of the next day, the JTWC issued its final warning followed by downgrading to a tropical depression, as its convection had diminished and the low-level circulation center had been weakened significantly because of the increasing vertical wind shear and dry air, despite not making landfall over northern Vietnam. The JMA issued its final warning after downgrading it to a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC.
As of October 31, the NDRRMC has confirmed a total of 43 deaths, along with 16 people still missing. Total estimated damages of both infrastructure and agriculture is topped to ₱
The Philippine peso sign (₱) is the currency symbol used for the Philippine peso, the official currency of the Philippines. The symbol resembles a Latin script, Latin letter P with two horizontal strokes. It differs from the currency symbol u ...
6.39 billion (US$126.5 million). In Hong Kong
Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...
, one person was killed and 21 people were injured.
Tropical Depression Nando
On 00:00 UTC of October 7, the JMA began monitoring on a tropical depression that had developed to the north of Palau
Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific Ocean. The Republic of Palau consists of approximately 340 islands and is the western part of the Caroline Islands ...
, that was embedded in the same monsoonal circulation as Tropical Depression Maring. As the circulation moved inside the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the PAGASA began issuing advisories and assigned the local name ''Nando'' to the depression. By the next day, the JMA stopped tracking the system after it began to merge with Maring, which subsequently became Tropical Storm Kompasu. The PAGASA issued its final bulletin on the system on October 9. The JTWC issued separate TCFAs for two invests in the monsoonal depression that contained Maring and Nando — Invests ''93W'' and ''94W'', respectively. As the two merged, the JTWC cancelled the TCFA for Invest 93W and soon began issuing a single tropical cyclone warning for the overall system.
Severe Tropical Storm Namtheun
On October 8, the JTWC noted an area of convection persisted approximately from Wake Island
Wake Island (), also known as Wake Atoll, is a coral atoll in the Micronesia subregion of the Pacific Ocean. The atoll is composed of three islets – Wake, Wilkes, and Peale Islands – surrounding a lagoon encircled by a coral reef. The neare ...
, which had a defined low-level circulation with a good outflow
Outflow may refer to:
*Capital outflow, the capital leaving a particular economy
*Bipolar outflow, in astronomy, two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star
* Outflow (hydrology), the discharge of a lake or other reservoir system
*Outflow ...
. The JMA later recognized the same area of convection as a tropical depression on October 9. At 14:00 UTC the same day, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the invest as it developed a flaring convection which was circulating over the obscured LLCC. By midnight of the next day, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it ''Namtheun''. The JTWC recognized it as a tropical depression, three hours later, and six hours later, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm. Namtheun managed to maintain its intensity for two days, until at 09:00 UTC of October 13, it was downgraded to a tropical depression by the JTWC, as it started moving westwards because of the presence of a subtropical ridge towards the southeast of the system. Satellite imagery showed that the deep convection had been displaced towards the northeast and the LLCC of the system had become less defined. However at 15:00 UTC of the next day, the JTWC re-upgraded it to a tropical storm, as it entered over warm sea-surface temperatures which allowed the system to maintain its intensity despite high wind shear. Satellite imagery also indicated that it developed subtropical characteristics. Unexpectedly, Namtheun further intensified into a severe tropical storm according to JMA at 06:00 UTC of October 16, and a Category 1-equivalent typhoon according to JTWC at 09:00 UTC of October 16. Satellite imagery depicted that the system had developed a compact core with improved convection structure near its center. It also developed an eye-like feature. The weakening of the vertical wind shear was main reason for the intensification and also the presence of marginally favorable sea-surface temperatures (). A few hours later, both JMA and JTWC downgraded to a tropical storm, as its convection had weakened significantly because of further cooling of sea-surface temperatures and strengthening of the wind shear. Namtheun managed its intensity as it continued north-northwards but since it was interacting with the baroclinic zone, it started its extratropical transition between 00:00 and 15:00 UTC. For the next several days, the system moved eastward across the North Pacific, before undergoing explosive intensification
Rapid intensification (RI) is any process wherein a tropical cyclone strengthens very dramatically in a short period of time. Tropical cyclone forecasting agencies utilize differing thresholds for designating rapid intensification events, th ...
and developing into a bomb cyclone on October 21, reaching an extratropical peak of , while situated off the coast of the Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest (PNW; ) is a geographic region in Western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Though no official boundary exists, the most common ...
. Afterward, the system curved northward and then north-northwestward, while gradually weakening, before being absorbed into another approaching extratropical cyclone from the west, late on October 22. Namtheun's extratropical remnant brought heavy rain and powerful winds to the Pacific Northwest.
Typhoon Malou
On October 20, the JTWC noted an area of convection approximately east of Guam. Infrared satellite imagery found that it formed a flaring convection which was displaced to the northwest from the actual center, but at 06:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC discontinued giving advisories to the area of convection, as its convection had completely dissipated. On the same day at 18:00 UTC, the JMA recognized the same area of convection, as a low pressure area. At 15:00 UTC of October 22, the JTWC started giving advisories for the area of convection as it developed sufficient convection and a poorly defined low-level circulation. On the next day at 18:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical depression, and three and a half hour later, the JTWC issued a TCFA. At 03:00 UTC of October 24, the JTWC upgraded to a tropical depression and designated as ''25W''. Later at 18:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm, as the organization of the convection had increased. Six hours later, the JMA did the same thing and named it ''Malou''. At midday
Noon (also known as noontime or midday) is 12 o'clock in the daytime. It is written as 12 noon, 12:00 m. (for '' meridiem'', literally 12:00 midday), 12 p.m. (for ''post meridiem'', literally "after midday"), 12 pm, or 12:00 (using a 24-hour cloc ...
of the next day, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm. Early on October 27, the JTWC upgraded it to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, as it developed an eye-like feature wrapped around a ragged spiral bandings. At 18:00 UTC the same day, the JMA upgraded it to a typhoon.
Tropical Depression 26W
At 00:00 UTC of October 22, the JMA noted the formation of a low-pressure area east of Mindanao
Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...
. Two days later at 06:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical depression as it was located off the coast of the island of Palawan
Palawan (, ), officially the Province of Palawan (; ), is an archipelagic Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines that is located in the regions of the Philippines, region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the countr ...
. On the same day, the JTWC noted the same low pressure area and gave a low chance of formation, which was later upgraded to medium. At 05:30 UTC of October 25, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system, as its convection had improved and developed a weakly defined LLCC. On the next day, after re-issuing the TCFA at 05:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical depression at 09:00 UTC as it was located off the coast of Vietnam. Satellite imagery found that its LLCC had become defined however the convective structure continued to remain disorganized. Between 15:00 UTC of October 26 and 03:00 UTC of October 27, the system made landfall near Nha Trang
Nha Trang ( or ; ) is a coastal city and capital of Khánh Hòa Province, on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is bounded on the north by Ninh Hoà town, on the south by Cam Ranh city and on the west by Diên Khánh District. The city had ...
[Alt URL]
/ref> and at 03:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final advisory as its convection had rapidly disorganized after landfall, as it moved over the mountainous terrain of Vietnam.
Over 50,000 sea vehicles with over 261,000 people in it were already informed on the brewing system and its path, according to a meeting about the depression on October 25. Over 3,200 officer soldiers and 270 public vehicles were also put on standby. The areas between Thừa Thiên Huế and Khánh Hòa received heavy rainfall from the system. Total damage of the flooding associated with 26W was 328 billion VND (US$14.4 million).
Typhoon Nyatoh
Early of November 26, the JTWC noted the formation of an area of convection located east-southeast of Guam. On the next day, the JMA recognized the same system as a low pressure area. At 06:00 UTC of November 28, the JTWC issued a TCFA as it developed a poorly defined center, and by midnight of November 28, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression. The JTWC followed suit and designated it as ''27W'' at 15:00 UTC the same day. Six hours later, the JTWC further upgraded it to a tropical storm. At midnight of the next day, the JMA followed suit and named it as ''Nyatoh''. On 00:00 UTC of December 1, the JMA further upgraded it to a severe tropical storm. Fifteen hours later, the JTWC declared it a typhoon and upgraded it to a Category 1-equivalent status, as Nyatoh developed an eye according to microwave imagery. The JMA followed suit at 18:00 UTC. By 03:00 UTC the next day, it further intensified into a Category 2-equivalent typhoon as it briefly formed a ragged eye. Later that day, Nyatoh unexpectedly rapidly intensified to a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon due to jet interaction. It later reached peak intensity with 10-minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph) and a pressure of . However, this peak was short-lived as strong wind shear, dry air, and cooler sea surface temperatures shredded the system apart and rapidly weakened to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon at 18:00 UTC. On December 4 at 06:35 UTC, the JMA declared Nyatoh a remnant low.
Typhoon Rai (Odette)
At 00:00 UTC of December 12, the JMA noted the existence of a tropical depression in the vicinity of the Caroline Islands
The Caroline Islands (or the Carolines) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically, they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the cen ...
. Two hours later, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the developing system, noting a "promising" environment for further development. On the next day, the JMA upgraded the system into a tropical storm and gave it the international name, ''Rai''.
The PAGASA issued its first tropical cyclone advisory for the developing storm on December 12. Warnings for Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia were issued by the Guam National Weather Service by December 13. On the next day, Rai continued intensifying, and the Japan Meteorological Agency
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
upgraded it to a severe tropical storm.
Rai then entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility
The Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is an area in the Northwestern Pacific where PAGASA, the Philippines' national meteorological agency, monitors weather occurrences. Significant weather disturbances, specifically typhoons that enter o ...
on December 14 and was given the name ''Odette'' by the PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog language, Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS ...
. The PAGASA raised Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #1 over parts of Eastern Visayas and Northern Mindanao. Later that same day, the JMA upgraded Rai to a typhoon.[ The PAGASA and the JTWC later followed suit and also upgraded Rai to a typhoon. Rai then rapidly intensified overnight, becoming a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon on the morning of December 16.
Rai then made its first landfall on ]General Luna, Surigao del Norte
General Luna, officially the Municipality of General Luna ( Surigaonon: Lungsod nan General Luna; ), is a municipality in the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 22,853 people.
Formerl ...
at 1:30PM PHT. A few minutes later, it struck Cagdianao, Dinagat Island. It then made a third landfall in Liloan, Southern Leyte
Liloan, officially the Municipality of Liloan (; ), is a municipality in the province of Southern Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 24,800 people.
Liloan's town center is located at the northern part of P ...
. It continued to cross the islands and later struck Padre Burgos, Southern Leyte
Padre Burgos, officially the Municipality of Padre Burgos (; ), is a municipality in the province of Southern Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 11,159 people.
Padre Burgos is named after Fr. José Burgos, ...
and President Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol. It then soon struck Bien Unido, Bohol
Bien Unido, officially the Municipality of Bien Unido (; ), is a municipality in the province of Bohol, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,666 people.
Bien Unido is the youngest municipality in Bohol being fou ...
. It lost super typhoon intensity and then struck Carcar, Cebu
Carcar, officially the City of Carcar (; ), is a component city in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 136,453 people.
History
Before Spanish colonization,Carcar was known as "Kabkad" and ...
. It made an eighth landfall on La Libertad, Negros Oriental
La Libertad, officially the Municipality of La Libertad (; ), is a municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. As of the 2020 census, the city has a population of 41,089 people.
History
Before and during the Spanish Conquest ...
. It made a final landfall in Roxas, Palawan
Roxas, officially the Municipality of Roxas (), is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 69,624 people.
History
Roxas was created under Republic Act No. 615 in 1951 from the ...
.
The system then left the PAR by 12:40 PHT (04:40 UTC). For the first time since Typhoon Rammasun
Typhoon Rammasun, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Glenda, was one of the only four Category 5 Tropical cyclone scales#Western Pacific, super typhoons on record in the South China Sea, with the other ones being Typhoon Pamela (1954), Pamela i ...
in 2014 and the third after Pamela of 1954 and the aforementioned storm, Rai unexpectedly attained Category 5-equivalent super typhoon status in the South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...
, due to the favorable environment in that region, at 21:00 UTC on December 18, as it underwent a secondary period of rapid intensification.
By 03:00 UTC the next day, Rai again weakened below Category 5-equivalent super typhoon intensity, while turning in a west-northwesterly direction. Its eye was cloud-filled by this time, with the storm rapidly weakening afterward.
As of January 6, 2022, 410 fatalities have been reported, with 111 alone being located in Bohol. On March 23, PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog language, Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS ...
revised their tropical cyclone scale. Rai (Odette) was considered as a super typhoon.
Tropical Depression 29W
On December 14, the JMA upgraded a westward-moving low-pressure area to a tropical depression. The JTWC began monitoring the system by the next day, noting the presence of a consolidated low-level circulation within the system. The system's chances of developing into a tropical cyclone slowly increased, and on December 16 at 17:30 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system despite the outflow of Typhoon Rai partially exposing the system's low-level circulation. By 21:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, assigning it the designation ''29W'' as it continued over marginally favorable developmental conditions. Shortly after, at 23:00 UTC, the depression made landfall north of Kuantan
Kuantan (Pahang Malay: ''Kontaeng''; Terengganu Malay: ''Kuatang/Kuantang'') is a city and the state capital of Pahang, Malaysia. It is located near the mouth of the Kuantan River. Kuantan is the Largest cities in Malaysia, 12th largest city ...
and began to weaken, prompting the JTWC to issue its final advisory on the system by the next day. The JMA stopped monitoring the system on December 17 at 12:00 UTC.
After passing through Peninsular Malaysia, it reached the Straits of Malacca as a low-pressure system. Persistent and continuous heavy rains for more than 24 hours began on December 17, causing the worst flooding in Central Malaysia since 2014. Floods were also reported in the states of Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca.[
]
Other systems
*During January 19, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had developed to the east of Luzon, Philippines. The precursor to the depression brought scattered showers and thunderstorms to Mindanao, Palawan
Palawan (, ), officially the Province of Palawan (; ), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of . The capital and largest c ...
, and Visayas on January 18. The JMA, however, discontinued advisories for the system on the next day. The depression also brought stormy weather to Luzon on January 20. The PAGASA warned residents of possible flash flooding and mudslides due to heavy rainfall. The system's precursor was associated with a frontal system, with its combined effects bringing heavy rainfall over much of Visayas, the Bicol Region
The Bicol Region, designated as Region V, is an administrative region of the Philippines. It comprises six Provinces of the Philippines, provinces, four on the Bicol Peninsula (the luzon#Southeastern Luzon, southeastern end of Luzon): Albay, Ca ...
, and Northern Mindanao, resulting in three deaths and agricultural damages of up to ₱642.5 million (US$13.2 million).
*On March 9, a low-pressure area entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, though it was not expected to develop at that time. On March 14, the low-pressure area intensified into a tropical depression over the Sulu Sea before quickly degenerating back into a low-pressure area. The system brought light to moderate rains over parts of the Philippines, with the PAGASA advising residents of the possibility of floods and landslides.
*On May 29, the JTWC issued a TCFA for a tropical disturbance that was roughly to the southeast of Guam, near the Nomoi Islands
The Nomoi Islands, also known as the Mortlock Islands, are a group of three atolls in the state of Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia. They are located approximately southeast of Chuuk Lagoon.
Islands
The Mortlock Islands are made up of th ...
. The system gradually developed as it was experiencing warm sea surface temperatures and low vertical wind shear. On the next day at 00:00 UTC, the JMA recognized the system as a tropical depression. On the same day, the JTWC cancelled the TCFA for the system as its structure degraded, with the JMA last recognizing the system as a tropical depression on June 1 at 18:00 UTC.
*On June 29, an area of convection formed from Guam with satellite imagery revealing that the system had a deep convection with a weak low level circulation. Within a favorable environments with low-to-moderate wind shear, and warm sea surface temperatures, the system gradually became more organized with a more defined low level circulation. On June 30, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system. On July 1, animated multispectral satellite imagery indicated a very broad and ill-defined low level circulation with convection being sheared to the south-southwest of the disturbance, which prompted the JTWC to cancel the system's TCFA and downgrade its development chances within the next day to low. The JMA no longer considered it a tropical depression in their tropical disturbance summary advisories on the same day.
*On July 19, at 00:00 UTC, a tropical depression formed near , which was moving northwards at the speed of , according to the JMA. It lasted for two days until July 21, when it became a remnant low at 00:00 UTC.
*On July 28, at 00:00 UTC, the JMA noted a tropical depression near , which was moving northwards slowly.
*On July 30, at 00:00 UTC, the JMA noted a tropical depression near , which was moving northwestward slowly.
*On July 31, a tropical depression formed over the open Pacific at 18:00 UTC. By August 1, at 05:30 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system as it had an exposed low-level circulation with persistent disorganized convection. The agency canceled the alert on the next day as it had little remaining convection and it had moved over cooler waters.
*On August 1, at 18:00 UTC, JMA noted a tropical depression near Taiwan.
*The JMA began tracking a tropical depression that had formed to the east of Hainan
Hainan is an island provinces of China, province and the southernmost province of China. It consists of the eponymous Hainan Island and various smaller islands in the South China Sea under the province's administration. The name literally mean ...
on September 7. The system moved westward towards Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
and was last noted the next day.
*On September 27 of 06:00 UTC, the JMA noted the formation of a low-pressure area located to the east of Typhoon Mindulle. The JMA later upgraded it to a tropical depression, six hours later. At 01:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC recognized the system and gave a medium chance of formation.
Storm names
Within the Northwest Pacific Ocean, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the (PAGASA) assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can result in a tropical cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency's RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center assigns international names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology an ...
's Typhoon Committee, should they be judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of . PAGASA names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N even if the cyclone has had an international name assigned to it. The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired, by both PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog language, Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS ...
and the Typhoon Committee. Should the list of names for the Philippine region be exhausted then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in .
International names
During the season, 22 tropical storms developed in the Western Pacific and each one was named by the JMA, when the system was judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 kilometres per hour (40 mph). The JMA selected the names from a list of 140 names, that had been developed by the 14 members nations and territories of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. During the season, the names Surigae, Koguma, Cempaka and Nyatoh were used for the first time after they replaced Mujigae, Koppu, Melor
Melor (also known in Latin as Melorius; in Cornish as Melor and in Cornu-English as Mylor; in French as Méloir; and other variations) was a 10th-century Breton saint who, in England, was venerated in Cornwall and at Amesbury Abbey, Wiltshi ...
and Meranti, which were retired following the 2015
2015 was designated by the United Nations as:
* International Year of Light
* International Year of Soil __TOC__
Events
January
* January 1 – Lithuania officially adopts the euro as its currency, replacing the litas, and becomes ...
and 2016 seasons.
Retirement
In early 2023, the Typhoon Committee announced that the names '' Conson'', '' Kompasu'', and ''Rai
(), commercially styled as since 2000 and known until 1954 as (RAI), is the national public broadcasting company of Italy, owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. RAI operates many terrestrial and subscription television channels a ...
'' would be removed from the naming lists and they will never be used again for another typhoon name. In 2024, they were replaced by ''Luc-binh'', ''Tokei'', and ''Sarbul'' respectively.
Philippines
During the season, PAGASA used its own naming scheme for the 15 tropical cyclones that either developed within or moved into their self-defined area of responsibility. This is the same list used during the 2017 season, except for ''Uwan'' and ''Verbena'', which replaced ''Urduja'' and ''Vinta'', respectively. No names were used for the first time this year.
Retirement
After the season, on March 21, 2022, PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog language, Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS ...
removed the names ''Jolina
''Jolina'' is the second studio album by Filipino singer and actress Jolina Magdangal released by Star Music on January 9, 1999. The album consists mostly of passionate, easy-listening love songs, a style of music quite popular in the Philippine ...
'', '' Maring'' and '' Odette'' from its rotating naming lists due to the number of deaths and amount of damage they caused, and were replaced with ''Jacinto'', ''Mirasol'' and ''Opong'' for the 2025 season.
Season effects
This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, to the west of the International Date Line during 2021. The tables also provide an overview of a systems intensity, duration, land areas affected and any deaths or damages associated with the system.
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines , , , , , ,
, -
, Dujuan (Auring) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Palau, Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
, , , , , ,
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines , , None , , , ,
, -
, Surigae (Bising) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Caroline Islands
The Caroline Islands (or the Carolines) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically, they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the cen ...
, Palau, Sulawesi, Philippines , , , , , ,
, -
, 03W (Crising) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines , , , , , ,
, -
, Choi-wan (Dante) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Palau, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan , , , , 11 , ,
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None, , , ,
, -
, Koguma
is a Japanese professional wrestler. She currently works for World Wonder Ring Stardom.
Koguma is a former two-time Goddesses of Stardom Champion, one-time Artist of Stardom Champion, and one-time High Speed Champion. Koguma is one of the wi ...
, , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , South China, Vietnam, Laos , , , , 1 , , [
, -
, Champi , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Mariana Islands , , None , , , ,
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , , ,
, -
, 07W (Emong) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Taiwan , , None , , , ,
, -
, 08W , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Southern China, Vietnam , , None , , , ,
, -
, In-fa (Fabian) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, China , , , , , ,
, -
, Cempaka , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , ]South China
South China ( zh, s=, p=Huá'nán, j=jyut6 naam4) is a geographical and cultural region that covers the southernmost part of China. Its precise meaning varies with context. A notable feature of South China in comparison to the rest of China is ...
, Vietnam , , , , , ,
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , , ,
, -
, Nepartak , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Japan , , None , , , ,
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , , ,
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Japan , , None , , , ,
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , , ,
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan , , None , , , ,
, -
, 12W , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Japan , , None , , , ,
, -
, Lupit (Huaning) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Vietnam, Southern China, Taiwan, Japan , , , , , ,
, -
, Mirinae (Gorio) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Japan, Western Canada , , None , , , ,
, -
, Nida , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Alaska , , None , , , ,
, -
, Omais (Isang) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, South Korea , , $13 million , , , ,
, -
, 17W , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , , ,
, -
, Conson (Jolina) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Vietnam , , , , , ,
, -
, Chanthu (Kiko) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Taiwan, Eastern China, South Korea, Japan , , , , , ,
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Vietnam , , None , , , ,
, -
, Mindulle , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Mariana Islands, Japan, Russian Far East , , Minimal , , , ,
, -
, Dianmu
Dianmu (), also known as Leizi, is the Chinese goddess of lightning, who is said to have used flashing mirrors to send bolts of lightning across the sky.
She is married to Leigong, the god of thunder. She is one of the gods who work together to ...
, , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia , , Unknown , , , , [
, -
, TD , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , , ,
, -
, Lionrock (Lannie) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Southern China, Vietnam, , , , , , ]
, -
, Kompasu (Maring) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Taiwan, South China
South China ( zh, s=, p=Huá'nán, j=jyut6 naam4) is a geographical and cultural region that covers the southernmost part of China. Its precise meaning varies with context. A notable feature of South China in comparison to the rest of China is ...
, Vietnam , , , , , ,
, -
, Nando , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , None , , , ,
, -
, Namtheun , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Pacific Northwest, Alaska , , None , , , ,
, -
, Malou , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Bonin Islands , , None , , , ,
, -
, 26W , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Philippines, Vietnam , , None , , , ,
, -
, Nyatoh , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Bonin Islands , , None , , , ,
, -
, Rai (Odette) , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Caroline Islands, Palau, Indonesia, Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
, Vietnam, Southern China , , , , , , [
, -
, 29W , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Malaysia , , , , , , ]
, -
See also
* Weather of 2021
The following is a list of weather events that occurred in 2021. The year began with La Niña conditions. There were several natural disasters around the world from various types of weather, including blizzards, cold waves, droughts, heat wave ...
* Tropical cyclones in 2021
During 2021, tropical cyclones formed in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as tropical cyclone basins. Tropical cyclones will be assigned names by various weather agencies if they attain maximum sustained winds of . During the year, 136 ...
* Pacific typhoon season
* 2021 Atlantic hurricane season
The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season was the third-most active Atlantic hurricane season on record in terms of number of tropical cyclones, although many of them were weak and short-lived. With 21 named storms forming, it became the sec ...
* 2021 Pacific hurricane season
The 2021 Pacific hurricane season was a moderately active Pacific hurricane season, with above-average activity in terms of number of named storms, but below-average activity in terms of major hurricanes, as 19 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 2 m ...
* 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
The 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an average season, the North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, peaking between May and November. These dates conventionally d ...
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2020–21
The dash is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to the hyphen but is longer and sometimes higher from the baseline. The most common versions are the endash , generally longer than the hyphen ...
, 2021–22
* Australian region cyclone seasons: 2020–21
The dash is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to the hyphen but is longer and sometimes higher from the baseline. The most common versions are the endash , generally longer than the hyphen ...
, 2021–22
* South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2020–21
The dash is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to the hyphen but is longer and sometimes higher from the baseline. The most common versions are the endash , generally longer than the hyphen ...
, 2021–22
Notes
References
External links
{{TC Decades, Year=2021, basin=Pacific, type=typhoon
Articles which contain graphical timelines
Pacific typhoon seasons
Tropical cyclones in 2021