The 2012 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 9 September 2012 for the 5th

Legislative Council A legislative council is the legislature, or one of the legislative chambers, of a nation, colony, or subnational division such as a province or state. It was commonly used to label unicameral or upper house legislative bodies in the Brit ...

(LegCo) since the establishment of the

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a Special administrative regions of China, special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the List of ...

. The election was for the new total of 70 seats in LegCo, ten more than previously, with 35 members elected in

geographical constituencies In Hong Kong, geographical constituencies, as opposed to functional constituencies, are elected by all eligible voters according to geographically demarcated constituencies. There are currently 5 geographical constituencies in Hong Kong, returni ...

through direct elections, and 35 members in functional constituencies. Under new arrangements agreed in a contentious LegCo vote in 2010, five

District Council (Second) The District Council (Second) functional constituency () was a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong which was created in the 2012 constitutional reform package. It was the largest functional constitu ...

functional constituency seats each represent all 18 District Councils of Hong Kong voted for by all resident voters in Hong Kong (who did not have a vote in any other functional constituency), effectively increasing the number of seats elected with

universal suffrage Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the " one person, one vote" principle. For many, the term universal suffrage assumes the exclusion ...

to 40. The

pro-Beijing camp The pro-Beijing camp, pro-establishment camp or pro-China camp is a political alignment in Hong Kong which generally supports the policies of the Government of the People's Republic of China, Beijing central government and the Chinese Commun ...

scored a major success, maintaining its dominance in the functional constituencies and winning 17 of the 35, nearly half, of the geographical constituency seats, which were considered to be the stronghold of the pan-democracy camp. The

Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) is a Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong), pro-Beijing political party registered since 1992 in Hong Kong. Chaired by Gary Chan and holding 19 Legislative Council of Hong Kong ...

(DAB), the flagship Beijing-loyalist party, won 13 seats in total, more than double the tally of either the pro-democracy Democratic Party or

Civic Party The Civic Party (CP) was a pro-democracy camp, pro-democracy liberalism in Hong Kong, liberal political party from March 2006 to May 2023 in Hong Kong. The party was formed in 2006 on the basis of the Article 45 Concern Group, Basic Law Ar ...

, or of its sister organisation, the

Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (HKFTU) is a pro-Beijing labour and political group established in 1948 in Hong Kong. It is the oldest and largest labour group in Hong Kong with over 420,000 members in 253 affiliates and associated ...

(FTU), which each won six seats. The Democratic Party, the flagship pro-democracy party, suffered the worst defeat since its creation in 1994, winning only six seats and lost all its seats in the

New Territories West New Territories West (NTW) is the western part of Hong Kong's New Territories, covering Yuen Long District, Yuen Long, Tuen Mun District, Tuen Mun, Tsuen Wan District, Tsuen Wan, Kwai Tsing District, Kwai Tsing and the Islands District. History ...

, while the radical democrats

League of Social Democrats The League of Social Democrats (LSD) is a social democratic party in Hong Kong. Chaired by Chan Po-ying, wife of Leung Kwok-hung, it positions itself as the radical wing of the pro-democracy camp and stresses on "street actions" and "parlia ...

and the newly formed

People Power "People power" is a political slogan denoting the Populism, populist driving force of any social movement which invokes the authority of grassroots opinion and Will (philosophy), willpower, usually in opposition to that of conventionally organis ...

doubled their total votes. Despite the addition of five new geographical constituency seats, the pan-democrats won one seat fewer than in the 2008 election; infighting within the camp was blamed. The Civic Party failed in their election strategy as two of their incumbents, Audrey Eu and

Tanya Chan Tanya Chan (; born 14 September 1971) is a Hong Kong politician who served as a Legislative Councillor representing Hong Kong Island from 2008 to 2012, and again from 2016 to 2020. She is a founding member of the Civic Party. Chan is sometimes k ...

, placed second on the lists in Hong Kong Island and New Territories West both received over 70,000 votes, far more than other lists, but still unable to get re-elected. The pro-business

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...

's chairwoman Miriam Lau failed to gain a seat in

Hong Kong Island Hong Kong Island () is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong. The island, known originally and on road signs simply as "Hong Kong", had a population of 1,289,500 and a population density of , . It is the second largest island in Hong Kon ...

, winning the least seats in party history although James Tien regained his seat in

New Territories East New Territories East is the eastern part of New Territories, covering North District, Hong Kong, North, Tai Po District, Tai Po, Sha Tin District, Sha Tin, and Sai Kung District. History All districts except Sai Kung District have been connected ...

. Both Miriam Lau from the Liberals and

Albert Ho Albert Ho Chun-yan ( zh, c=何俊仁; born 1 December 1951) is a solicitor and politician in Hong Kong. He is the former chairman (2014–2019) and vice-chair (2019–2021) of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movement ...

from the Democrats resigned their seats as chairs after the defeat. The pan-democracy and pro-Beijing camps both placed three lists in contest of the five new District Council (Second) functional constituency seats. Three of them went to the Democrats, Albert Ho and James To and

Frederick Fung Frederick Fung Kin-kee, SBS, JP (; born 17 March 1953) is a Hong Kong former politician who was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1997 and from 2000 to 2016 and the former chairman of the pro-democracy Hong Ko ...

from the

Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood The Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) is a Hong Kong pro-democracy social-liberal political party catering to grassroots interest with a strong basis in Sham Shui Po. Established on 26 October 1986, it was o ...

(ADPL). The Beijing-loyalists could only win two seats with FTU's Chan Yuen-han and DAB's

Starry Lee Starry Lee Wai-king, SBS, JP (, born 13 March 1974) is a Hong Kong politician and former chairperson of the largest pro-establishment Beijing-loyalist party, the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB). She i ...

each getting one seat. Veteran

Lau Kong-wah Ray Lau Kong-wah, JP (born 22 June 1957, Hong Kong), is a former Hong Kong Government official and former member of both the Legislative Council and the Executive Council. Until 2020, he was Secretary for Home Affairs. Lau was vice-chairm ...

became the only DAB candidate who was placed first on a candidate list but lost in the election.

Eligibility

Right to vote

As at 9 September 2012, a person has the right to vote in a Legislative Council election if he/she fulfils all of the below criteria : *

Hong Kong permanent resident The Hong Kong Basic Law classifies residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region () as either permanent residents or non-permanent residents. Hong Kong residents have rights under the Basic Law including freedom of speech, freedom ...

(regardless of nationality), * ordinarily resides in Hong Kong, * holds a Hong Kong identity card or another

identity document An identity document (abbreviated as ID) is a documentation, document proving a person's Identity (social science), identity. If the identity document is a plastic card it is called an ''identity card'' (abbreviated as ''IC'' or ''ID card''). ...

, * has registered to vote on or before 16 May 2012, * aged 18 or above on 25 July 2012, * not a member of any armed forces nor found to be incapable under the Mental Health Ordinance (Cap. 136), by reason of mental incapacity, of managing and administering his/her property and affairs.

Right to stand

To stand as a candidate in a geographical constituency, a person must fulfil all of the below criteria: * a

with Chinese citizenship, * does not have any foreign citizenship nor the right of abode in any country outside China, * aged 21 or above on the date of nomination, * a registered voter on the date of nomination, * has ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for the 3 years immediately preceding the date of nomination, * not a member of any national, regional or municipal legislature, assembly or council of any place outside Hong Kong, other than a people's congress or people's consultative body of the People's Republic of China, whether established at the national or local level, * not a member of any armed forces nor found to be incapable under the Mental Health Ordinance (Cap. 136), by reason of mental incapacity, of managing and administering his/her property and affairs, * submits a nomination form to the returning officer on or before 31 July 2012.

New structure of the Legislative Council

HK Wan Chai Johnston Road tram body ads Hong Kong Legislative Election 2012 Wu Fung Bowie figure

Geographical constituencies

Under the constitutional reform package passed in 2010, this election saw LegCo increase its total size from 60 seats to 70 seats, half of which are

(GCs) and half functional constituencies (FCs). The GC seats are returned by

, with the Kowloon West constituency once again returning five seats, while the

, Kowloon East, and

constituencies each gain one new seat and

, the second largest constituency, gaining two extra seats. The election uses a system of

party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered Political party, political parties, with each party being Apportionment (politics), allocated a certain number of seats Apportionm ...

, with seats allocated by the

largest remainder method Party-list proportional representation Apportionment methods The quota or divide-and-rank methods make up a category of apportionment rules, i.e. algorithms for allocating seats in a legislative body among multiple groups (e.g. parties or f ...

using the

Hare quota The Hare quota (sometimes called the simple, ideal, or Hamilton quota) is the number of voters represented by each legislator in an idealized system of proportional representation where every vote is used to elect someone. The Hare quota is eq ...

as the quota for election.

Functional constituencies

While the electoral methods in the 30 'traditional' FC seats remain unchanged, the five new seats form a new constituency called the District Council, for which candidates may be nominated by the District councillors and are elected by all registered voters who are not in any 'traditional' FC, creating the largest constituency with a total of more than 3.2 million eligible electors. The vote counting system used is the same as that in the GCs: the party-list proportional representation with the largest remainder method and Hare quota.

Retiring incumbents

Thirteen incumbents chose not to run for re-election. Paul Chan's

Accountancy Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the process of recording and processing information about economic entities, such as businesses and corporations. Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys ...

seat was vacant since 29 July 2012 and Chim Pui-chung withdrew his nomination on 27 July 2012.

Pre-election issues

New leadership under Leung Chun-ying

Leung Chun-ying Leung Chun-ying ( zh, t=梁振英; born 12 August 1954), also known as CY Leung, is a Hong Kong politician and chartered surveyor who has served as vice-chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Confe ...

sworn in on 1 July, he sought a foothold in the Legislative Council against his defeated rival,

Henry Tang Henry Tang Ying-yen (; born 6 September 1952) is a Hong Kong politician who served as the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong between 2007 and 2011. He held the position of Financial Secretary from 2003 to 2007. In 2012, he lost the Hong Kong Chief ...

. The Tang supporter for the Financial Services functional constituency, Chim Pui-chung, decided to withdraw his nomination for re-election on 27 July, while Christopher Cheung Wah-fung, who voted for CY Leung and was also a member of the

Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s United front (China), united front system. Its members adv ...

, decided to run in the constituency. Other Leung's supporters including Martin Liao Cheung-kong, Ng Leung-sing and Ma Fung-kwok also ran in other functional constituencies, replacing the original pro-Tang legislators Philip Wong, David Li and

Timothy Fok Timothy Fok Tsun-ting (born 14 February 1946), GBS, JP, the eldest son of Hong Kong tycoon Henry Fok, is the President of the Hong Kong Football Association. He formerly represented the Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication funct ...

. On the day CY Leung assumed the Chief Executive, there were about 400,000 participants in the July 1 marches, the biggest anti-government rally in recent history.

Moral and National Education controversy

Moral and civic education was one of the four key tasks in the 2001 curriculum reform undertaken by the Education and Manpower Bureau (superseded by the Education Bureau in 2007), and its framework was revised by the Education Bureau in 2008. On 13 October 2010, Chief Executive

Donald Tsang Sir Donald Tsang Yam-kuen (; born 7 October 1944) is a former Hong Kong civil servant who served as the second Chief Executive of Hong Kong from 2005 to 2012. Tsang joined the colonial civil service as an Executive Officer in 1967, occupyi ...

stated in the " Policy Address 2010–2011" that moral and national education would replace MCE to "strengthen national education". The government planned to introduce the new subject in primary schools in 2012 and secondary schools in 2013. In July 2012, the "Civil Alliance Against the National Education" ( 民間反對國民教育科大聯盟) was formed. On 29 July 2012, 30 organisations protested in a march. According to the organisers, more than 90,000 protesters, including many parents with their children, participated in the march. Members of the student activist group

Scholarism Scholarism was a Hong Kong pro-democracy camp, pro-democracyWilfred Chan and Yuli Yang, CNN]Echoing Tiananmen, 17-year-old Hong Kong student prepares for democracy battle 28 September 2014 student activist group active in the fields of Hong ...

( :zh:學民思潮, 學民思潮) began their occupation of the Hong Kong government headquarters on 30 August 2012. Fifty members occupied the public park beneath the government offices, of which three began a

hunger strike A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fasting, fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are ...

. The goal of the protest was, expressly, to force the government to retract its plans to introduce Moral and National Education as a compulsory subject. The initial planned length of the occupation was three days. On 3 September 2012 the Civil Alliance Against National Education announced that they would continue their occupation of the government headquarters indefinitely. On 7 September, up to 120,000 people attended a demonstration outside the government headquarters; police said there were 36,000 attendees at 9:30 pm. Following opposition from the public, the government postponed the commencement of the subject by introducing a three-year trial run period, such that the schools were allowed to commence the latest in 2015.

Opinion polling

Results

The election was marked with the record of 287 candidates. 67 lists with a total of 216 candidates contested the 35 geographical constituencies, while 53 candidates contested in the traditional functional constituencies, in which 16 of them returned to LegCo uncontested. The largest pro-democracy party, the Democratic Party, suffered the largest defeat since its creation in 1994, while the radical democrats

and the newly formed

doubled their votes. Despite the addition of five new geographical constituency seats, the pan-democrats won one seat fewer than in the 2008 poll; infighting within the camp was blamed. Audrey Eu and

, the incumbent Civic Party legislators, placed second on the lists in

and

both received over 70,000 votes, far more than other lists, but still were not re-elected. (see 2012 Hong Kong legislative election in Hong Kong Island and

) The Beijing-loyalist

remained the largest party, winning 13 seats in total. All the lists in the geographical constituencies were elected as they split their candidates into several lists to avoid wasting votes under the

. Christopher Chung revealed the DAB, of which he is a member, had secretly engaged in illegally allocating votes with the FTU based on the results of the party's own exit polling results; he said that both he and Jasper Tsang switched over to campaigning for the Wong Kwok-hing of the FTU at around 6 pm, after the DAB had reached their quota of vote. Following the election,

, resigned as leader of the Democratic Party, citing failure to present a united front for the pan-democratic camp, failure to retain seats from the previous elections, and infighting between pro-democracy parties. Miriam Lau, the leader of the

, also resigned as leader, citing her failure to win a seat in this election and a need for new leadership in the party. Nine of the 16 uncontested functional constituency seats went to the Liberal Party,

Economic Synergy Economic Synergy (also known as 3L) was a political party in Hong Kong, composed of three members of the Legislative Council, Andrew Leung, Jeffrey Lam and Lau Wong-fat. History Formerly members of the Liberal Party, Jeffrey Lam, Andrew Leung a ...

and nonpartisan Lam Tai-fai from the "Tang camp", who are mostly the business and commercial sectors. Leung's supporters took several seats in the functional constituencies. Pro-Leung Lo Wai-kwok defeated incumbent Raymond Ho Chung-tai who nominated Henry Tang in the CE election and pro-democrat Albert Lai in the Engineering sector. In

Tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the Commerce, commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel. World Tourism Organization, UN Tourism defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as ...

, Architectural, Surveying and Planning and Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication constituencies, Yiu Si-wing,

Tony Tse Wai-chuen Tony Tse Wai-chuen, BBS (; born 27 October 1954) is a Hong Kong surveyor and politician. He is a member of the Legislative Council for Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape (formerly Architectural, Surveying and Planning) from 2012 to ...

and Ma Fung-kwok were also elected. Leung's backers Ng Leung-sing and Martin Liao Cheung-kong won seats unopposed to the

finance Finance refers to monetary resources and to the study and Academic discipline, discipline of money, currency, assets and Liability (financial accounting), liabilities. As a subject of study, is a field of Business administration, Business Admin ...

and

Commercial (Second) The Commercial (Second) functional constituency () is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1985. The constituency is composed of 421 corporates members of the Chinese General Cham ...

functional constituencies respectively. The acting president of the

Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union The Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union (HKPTU) was a pro-democracy trade union, professional association and social concern group in Hong Kong. At the time of its disbandment in 2021, it was the largest teachers' organisation in Hong Ko ...

Ip Kin-yuen and Civic Party Dennis Kwok retained their seats in the traditionally pro-democracy

Education Education is the transmission of knowledge and skills and the development of character traits. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum. Non-formal education als ...

and

Legal Law is a set of rules that are created and are law enforcement, enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a Socia ...

sectors. Cheung Kwok-che of the Labour Party and nonpartisan Joseph Lee Kok-long also secured their seats in the

Social Welfare Welfare spending is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, or refer specifically to social insurance p ...

and

Health Services Health care, or healthcare, is the improvement or maintenance of health via the preventive healthcare, prevention, diagnosis, therapy, treatment, wikt:amelioration, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other disability, physic ...

constituencies. In addition, the pan democrats gained two more seats in

Information Technology Information technology (IT) is a set of related fields within information and communications technology (ICT), that encompass computer systems, software, programming languages, data processing, data and information processing, and storage. Inf ...

and

with newcomers Charles Mok and Kenneth Leung. The pan-democrats won three out of five seats in the new District Council (Second) functional constituency with

and James To from the Democratic Party and

from the

. The Beijing loyalists could only won two seats with Chan Yuen-han of

(FTU) and

of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) each got one seat. Veteran

became the only DAB candidate who was placed first on a candidate list but lost in the election (see 2012 Hong Kong legislative election in District Council).

Election results overall

5th Legislative Council of Hong Kong seat composition by party

Before election: Change in composition: , - style="text-align:center;" ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable" width="4" rowspan=2, ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable" rowspan=2, ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan=2, Political affiliation
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=4 , Geographical Constituencies ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=4 , Traditional Functional Constituencies ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=3 , District Council (Second) FC ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" rowspan=2, Total
seats
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" rowspan=2, ±
, - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" , Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" , %
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , ± pp
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" , Seats
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" , Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" , %
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , ± pp
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" , Seats
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" , Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" , %
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" , Seats
, - , rowspan=11 style="background-color:Pink;border-bottom-style:hidden;" , , Note: the votes gained by

who represents both DAB and Civil Force banner is counted into DAB in this table. , 366,140 , , 20.22 , , 2.70 , , 9 , , 105 , , 0.07 , , 0.14 , , 3 , , 476,875 , , 29.96 , , 1 , , 13 , , 3 , - , , 127,857 , , 7.06 , , 1.36 , , 3 , , - , , - , , - , , 2 , , 246,196 , , 15.47 , , 1 , , 6 , , 2 , - , , 48,702 , , 2.69 , , 1.64 , , 1 , , 1,076 , , 0.76 , , 2.58 , , 4 , , - , , - , , - , , 5 , , 2 , - , , 5,717 , , 0.32 , , ''N/A'' , , 0 , , - , , - , , - , , 3 , , - , , - , , - , , 3 , , 1 , - , , 68,097 , , 3.76 , , ''N/A'' , , 2 , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 2 , , 1 , - , , 34,548 , , 1.91 , , ''N/A'' , , 1 , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 1 , , 0 , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 1,106 , , 0.78 , , ''N/A'' , , 1 , , - , , - , , - , , 1 , , 1 , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 1 , , - , , - , , - , , 1 , , 0 , - , Note: the votes gained by Scarlett Pong who represents both Civil Force and New Century Forum is counted into Civil Force in this table. , 23,988 , , 1.32 , , ''N/A'' , , 0 , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 0 , , 0 , - , style="background-color:#ED6C10;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Third Force , 16,767 , , 0.93 , , ''N/A'' , , 0 , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 0 , , 0 , - , style="background-color:#DDDDDD;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Pro-Beijing Independents , 80,671 , , 4.45 , , - , , 1 , , 44,529, , 31.36 , , ''N/A'' , , 10 , , 61,321 , , 3.85 , , 0 , , 11 , , 2 , -class="sortbottom" style="background-color:Pink" , colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" , Total for pro-Beijing camp , 772,487 , , 42.66 , , 2.91 , , 17 , , 46,816 , , 32.97 , , 1.91 , , 24 , , 784,392 , , 49.28 , , 2 , , 43 , , 6 , - , rowspan=11 style="background-color:LightGreen;border-bottom-style:hidden;" , , , 255,007 , , 14.08 , , 0.42 , , 5 , , 4,480 , , 3.15 , , 4.36 , , 1 , , - , , - , , - , , 6 , , 1 , - , , 247,220 , , 13.65 , , 6.98 , , 4 , , 1,464 , , 1.03 , , 1.80 , , 0 , , 545,308 , , 34.26 , , 2 , , 6 , , 2 , - , , 112,140 , , 6.19 , , ''N/A'' , , 3 , , 9,078 , , 6.39 , , ''N/A'' , , 1 , , - , , - , , - , , 4 , , 1 , - , , 176,250 , , 9.73 , , ''N/A'' , , 3 , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 3 , , 1 , - , , 87,997 , , 4.86 , , 5.26 , , 1 , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 1 , , 0 , - , , 43,799 , , 2.42 , , 0.38 , , 1 , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 1 , , 0 , - , , 30,634 , , 1.69 , , 1.10, , 0 , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 262,172 , , 16.47 , , 1 , , 1 , , 0 , - , , 28,621 , , 1.58 , , ''N/A'' , , 1 , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 1 , , 1 , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 46,535 , , 32.77 , , 1.80 , , 1 , , - , , - , , - , , 1 , , 0 , - , , 2,896 , , 0.16 , , ''N/A'' , , 0 , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , - , , 0 , , 0 , - , style="background-color:#DDDDDD;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Independent democrats , 33,988 , , 1.87 , , - , , 0 , , 26,892 , , 18.94 , , ''N/A'' , , 3 , , - , , - , , - , , 3 , , - , -class="sortbottom" style="background-color:LightGreen" , colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" , Total for pan-democrats , 1,018,552 , , 56.24 , , 3.26 , , 18 , , 88,449 , , 62.28 , , 1.66 , , 6 , , 807,480 , , 50.73 , , 3 , , 27 , , 4 , -style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , , , , , , style="text-align:left;" , Non-aligned others , 19,945 , , 1.10 , , - , , 0 , , 2,205 , , 1.55 , , 6.77 , , 0 , , - , , - , , 0 , , 0 , , - , - class="sortbottom" , colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , Total , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 1,810,984 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 35 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 142,011 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 30 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 1,591,872 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , 5 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , 70 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , , - class="sortbottom" , colspan="16" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", , - class="sortbottom" , colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , Valid votes , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 1,810,984 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 98.49 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 0.93 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9" rowspan=4 , , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 142,011 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 93.97 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 1.59 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9" rowspan=4, , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 1,591,872 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 95.16 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9" rowspan=4 colspan=3, , - class="sortbottom" , colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , Invalid votes , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 27,738 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 1.51 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 0.93 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 9,113 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 6.03 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 1.59 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 80,921 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 4.84 , - class="sortbottom" , colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Vote cast / turnout , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 1,838,722 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 53.05 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 7.85 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 151,124 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 69.65 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 9.35 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 1,672,793 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 51.95 , - class="sortbottom" , colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Registered voters , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 3,466,201 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 2.79 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 216,979 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 2.24 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 3,219,755 , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00

Election results by Geographical Constituency

Votes gained by each party by districts

File:2012 LegCo Winning Margins.svg, Popular votes by District Council constituency. Red represents Pro-Beijing camp gained most votes and green the Pro-democracy camp. Pro-Beijing remained stronghold in the rural areas in

Ha Tsuen Ha Tsuen ( zh, t=厦村), or Ha Tsuen Heung ( zh, t=厦村鄉, labels=no) is an area at the west of Yuen Long Town in Hong Kong. Administratively, it belongs to Yuen Long District. History During the Hongwu Emperor, Hongwu era (1368-1398) of ...

Pat Heung Pat Heung is an area in the middle of New Territories, Hong Kong. Located at the east of Kam Tin and north of Shek Kong, it is the exit to Sheung Shui and Fanling. Administratively, it belongs to Yuen Long District. Villages Pat Heung co ...

Sai Kung District Sai Kung District is one of the districts of Hong Kong, 18 districts of Hong Kong. The district comprises the southern half of the Sai Kung Peninsula, the Clear Water Bay Peninsula in the New Territories and a strip of land to the east of Ko ...

Sha Tau Kok Sha Tau Kok () is a closed town in North District, Hong Kong. It is the last remaining major settlement in the Frontier Closed Area and is Hong Kong's northernmost town. Its residents are mostly descendants of Hakka farmers and Hoklo fisher ...

, Ta Kwu Ling and

Lamma Island Lamma Island, also known as Y Island, Pok Liu Chau or simply Pok Liu, is the third largest List of islands and peninsulas of Hong Kong, island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Islands District, Hong Kong, Islands District. Lam ...

. Some urban areas in

Mid-Levels Mid-Levels () is an affluent residential area on Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It is located between Victoria Peak and Central. Residents are predominantly more affluent Hong Kong locals and expatriate professionals. It has a population ...

North Point North Point is a mixed-use urban area in the Eastern District, Hong Kong, Eastern District of Hong Kong. Located in the northeastern part of Hong Kong Island, the area is named after a cape between Causeway Bay and Tsat Tsz Mui that projects ...

, Chai Wan,

Wong Tai Sin Wong Tai Sin or Huang Daxian () is a Chinese Taoist deity popular in Jinhua, Zhejiang, and Hong Kong with the power of healing. The name, meaning the "Great Immortal Wong (Huang)", is the divine form of Huang Chuping or Wong Cho Ping (; c. 328 ...

Sau Mau Ping Sau Mau Ping () is an area part of Kwun Tong District, in eastern Kowloon, Hong Kong. Name Its Chinese name was formerly So Mau Ping (), but this was often mis-rendered So Mo Ping (), meaning a place to 'Ancestor worship, visit one's ancestor ...

Yau Tong Yau Tong () is an area of Hong Kong, located in the southeastern end of Kowloon, between Lei Yue Mun and Lam Tin, at the east shore of Victoria Harbour, west of Tseung Kwan O. Administratively, it is part of Kwun Tong District, the most densely ...

and Shek Wai Kok showed more support for the Pro-Beijing camp. Pro-democracy camp grabbed majority of the votes in the rest areas. File:2012HKLegCoDemBJSwing.svg, The election showed large swings in Mid-Levels areas in

and

, particularly in

Tsuen Wan Tsuen Wan (formerly also spelled Tsun Wan) is a New towns of Hong Kong, town built on a bay in the New Territories West (constituency), western New Territories of Hong Kong, opposite Tsing Yi, Tsing Yi Island across Rambler Channel. The market ...

Tuen Mun Tuen Mun () or Castle Peak is an area near the mouth of Tuen Mun River and Castle Peak Bay in the New Territories, Hong Kong. It was one of the earliest settlements in what is now Hong Kong and can be dated to the Neolithic period. In the mo ...

, Kwai Tsing,

Tin Shui Wai Tin Shui Wai New Town is a new towns in Hong Kong, satellite town in the northwestern New Territories of Hong Kong. Originally a ' () fish pond area, it was developed in 1980s in Hong Kong, the 1980s as the second New towns of Hong Kong, new tow ...

, and

Tseung Kwan O Tseung Kwan O New Town, commonly known as Tseung Kwan O ( zh, t=將軍澳新市鎮, j=Zoeng1 gwan1 ou3 san1 si5 zan3), is one of the nine New towns of Hong Kong, new towns in Hong Kong, built mainly on Land reclamation in Hong Kong, reclaimed ...

, but the rural areas as well as urban areas in

Sheung Shui Sheung Shui (, literally "Above-water") is an area in the New Territories, Hong Kong. Sheung Shui Town, a part of this area, is part of the Fanling–Sheung Shui New Town in the North District, Hong Kong, North District of Hong Kong. Fanli ...

Tai Po Tai Po is an List of areas of Hong Kong, area in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It refers to the vicinity of the traditional market towns in the area presently known as Tai Po Old Market or Tai Po Kau Hui () (the original "Tai Po Mark ...

Sha Tin Sha Tin, also spelt Shatin, is a neighbourhood along Shing Mun River in the eastern New Territories, Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Sha Tin District. Sha Tin is one of the neighbourhoods of the Sha Tin New Town project. The new ...

and

showed a small swing back to the pro-democrats. File:2012LegCoElectionResultbyDC.svg, Results of the 2012 LegCo election geographical constituencies: the party with most votes in each District Council Constituency. File:2012LegCoElectionDC2ndResult.svg, Results of the 2012 LegCo election District Council (second) functional constituency.

Votes summary

Seats summary

Incumbents defeated

Twelve incumbents were not re-elected.

Candidates lists and results

Geographical Constituencies (35 seats)

Voting system:

Party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered Political party, political parties, with each party being Apportionment (politics), allocated a certain number of seats Apportionm ...

with

and

District Council (Second) Functional Constituency (5 seats)

Voting system:

with

and

Other Functional Constituencies (30 seats)

Voting systems: Different voting systems apply to different functional constituencies, namely for the Heung Yee Kuk, Agriculture and Fisheries,

Insurance Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss in which, in exchange for a fee, a party agrees to compensate another party in the event of a certain loss, damage, or injury. It is a form of risk management, primarily used to protect ...

and

Transport Transport (in British English) or transportation (in American English) is the intentional Motion, movement of humans, animals, and cargo, goods from one location to another. Mode of transport, Modes of transport include aviation, air, land tr ...

, the preferential elimination system of voting; and for the remaining 24 FCs used the

first-past-the-post voting system First-past-the-post (FPTP)—also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality—is a single-winner voting rule. Voters mark one candidate as their favorite, or first-preference, and the candidate with more first- ...

References

External links

Legislative Council of Hong Kong
{{Hong Kong elections L 2012 in Hong Kong Legislative Council of Hong Kong September 2012 in China

Eligibility

Right to vote

Right to stand

New structure of the Legislative Council

Geographical constituencies

Functional constituencies

Retiring incumbents

Pre-election issues

New leadership under Leung Chun-ying

Moral and National Education controversy

Opinion polling

Results

Election results overall

Election results by Geographical Constituency

Votes gained by each party by districts

Votes summary

Seats summary

Incumbents defeated

Candidates lists and results

Geographical Constituencies (35 seats)

District Council (Second) Functional Constituency (5 seats)

Other Functional Constituencies (30 seats)

See also

References

External links