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Insurance (constituency)
The Insurance functional constituency () is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1998. Being of the functional constituencies with fewest electorates, the constituency is restricted to only 126 insurers as of 2021. It corresponds to the Insurance Subsector in the Election Committee. A similar Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services functional constituency was created for the 1995 election by Governor Chris Patten with a much larger electorate base of total 171,534 eligible voters. Return members Electoral results Instant-runoff voting system is used from 1998 to 2021. Since 2021, first-past-the-post voting First-past-the-post (FPTP)—also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality—is a single-winner voting rule. Voters mark one candidate as their favorite, or first-preference, and the candidate with more first- ... system is in use. 2020s 2010 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functional Constituency (Hong Kong)
In the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, a functional constituency is a professional or special interest group that elects members to the legislature. Eligible voters in a functional constituency may include natural persons as well as other designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations. (See: legal personality) History The concept of functional constituencies (FC) in Hong Kong was first developed in the release of "Green Paper: A Pattern of District Administration in Hong Kong" on 18 July 1984 when indirect elections were introduced to the Legislative Council for the first time. The paper suggested that the Legislative Council create 24 seats with 12 seats from different professional interest groups. The 11 original functional constituencies created in 1985 were: * Commercial (First), First Commercial (Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, HKGCC) * Commercial (Second), Second Commercial (Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, CGCC) * Industrial (First), First ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2004 Hong Kong Legislative Election
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. Evolution of the Hindu-Arabic digit Brahmic numerals represented 1, 2, and 3 with as many lines. 4 was simplified by joining its four lines into a cross that looks like the modern plus sign. The Shunga would add a horizontal line on top of the digit, and the Kshatrapa and Pallava evolved the digit to a point where the speed of writing was a secondary concern. The Arabs' 4 still had the early concept of the cross, but for the sake of efficiency, was made in one stroke by connecting the "western" end to the "northern" end; the "eastern" end was finished off with a curve. The Europeans dropped the finishing curve and gradually made the digit less cursive, ending up with a digit very close to the original Brahmin cross. While the shape of the character ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functional Constituencies (Hong Kong)
A functional constituency is an electoral device (a non-geographical constituency) used within the political systems of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China: * Functional constituency in Hong Kong * Indirectly elected member in Macau The 1948 election to the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China used a mixed electoral system, including some members elected by occupational groups, as specified by the 1947 constitution. Soon after, the Communist Revolution impelled the governing Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT) is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was the one party state, sole ruling party of the country Republic of China (1912-1949), during its rule from 1927 to 1949 in Mainland China until Retreat ... to suspend the constitution and retreat to Taiwan. The 1991 reforms which reintroduced democracy to Taiwan removed occupational constituencies from the Legislative Yuan. See also * Vocational panel in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constituencies Of Hong Kong Legislative Council
An electoral (congressional, legislative, etc.) district, sometimes called a constituency, riding, or ward, is a geographical portion of a political unit, such as a country, state or province, city, or administrative region, created to provide the voters therein with representation in a legislature or other polity. That legislative body, the state's constitution, or a body established for that purpose determines each district's boundaries and whether each will be represented by a single member or multiple members. Generally, only voters (''constituents'') who reside within the district are permitted to vote in an election held there. The district representative or representatives may be elected by single-winner first-past-the-post system, a multi-winner proportional representative system, or another voting method. The district members may be selected by a direct election under wide adult enfranchisement, an indirect election, or direct election using another form of su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First-past-the-post Voting
First-past-the-post (FPTP)—also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality—is a single-winner voting rule. Voters mark one candidate as their favorite, or first-preference, and the candidate with more first-preference votes than any other candidate (a ''plurality'') is elected, even if they do not have more than half of votes (a '' majority''). FPP has been used to elect part of the British House of Commons since the Middle Ages before spreading throughout the British Empire. Throughout the 20th century, many countries that previously used FPP have abandoned it in favor of other electoral systems, including the former British colonies of Australia and New Zealand. FPP is still officially used in the majority of US states for most elections. However, the combination of partisan primaries and a two-party system in these jurisdictions means that most American elections behave effectively like two-round systems, in which the first round ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instant-runoff Voting
Instant-runoff voting (IRV; ranked-choice voting (RCV), preferential voting, alternative vote) is a single-winner ranked voting election system where Sequential loser method, one or more eliminations are used to simulate Runoff (election), runoff elections. When no candidate has a majority of the votes in the first round of counting, each following round eliminates the candidate with the fewest First-preference votes, first-preferences (among the remaining candidates) and transfers their votes if possible. This continues until one candidate accumulates a majority of the votes still in play. Instant-runoff voting falls under the plurality-based voting-rule family, in that under certain conditions the candidate with the least votes is eliminated, making use of secondary rankings as contingency votes. Thus it is related to the Runoff election, two-round runoff system and the exhaustive ballot. IRV could also be seen as a single-winner equivalent of Single transferable vote, sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Hong Kong Legislative Election
The 2021 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was a general election held on 19 December 2021 for the 7th Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Under the drastic 2021 Hong Kong electoral changes, Beijing-imposed electoral overhaul, the composition of the council was altered to reduce and limit popular representation along with ensuring a pro-Beijing majority. The total number of seats was increased from 70 to 90 seats, with the directly elected geographical constituency, geographical constituencies (GCs) reduced from 35 to 20 seats, the trade-based indirectly elected functional constituency (Hong Kong), functional constituencies (FCs) staying at 30, and the Election Committee (constituency), additional 40 seats being elected by the 1,500-member Election Committee (Hong Kong), Election Committee. The 5 directly elected District Council (Second) FC seats were eliminated. In total, the directly elected seats were reduced from 57.1% to 22.2%. Opposition pan-democratic candidates were ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016 Hong Kong Legislative Election
The 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 4 September 2016 for the 6th Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo). A total of 70 members, 35 from geographical constituency, geographical constituencies (GCs) and 35 from functional constituency (Hong Kong), functional constituencies (FCs), were returned. The election came after the rejection of the 2015 Hong Kong electoral reform, 2016/2017 constitutional reform proposals which suggested the electoral method for the 2016 Legislative Council remains unchanged. An unprecedented number of 2.2 million voters, 58 per cent of the registered electorate, turned out in the wake of the 2014 Hong Kong protests, 2014 pro-democracy Occupy movement often dubbed as the "Umbrella Revolution" with the localism in Hong Kong, localists emerged as a new political force behind the pro-Beijing camp, pro-Beijing and Pro-democracy camp in Hong Kong, pan-democracy camps by winning six seats in the geographical constituencies and gaining nea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Hong Kong Legislative Election
The 2012 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 9 September 2012 for the 5th Legislative Council of Hong Kong, Legislative Council (LegCo) since the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The election was for the new total of 70 seats in LegCo, ten more than previously, with 35 members elected in geographical constituencies through direct elections, and 35 members in functional constituency (Hong Kong), functional constituencies. Under Consultation Document on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the LegCo in 2012, new arrangements agreed in a contentious LegCo vote in 2010, five District Council (Second) functional constituency seats each represent all 18 District Councils of Hong Kong voted for by all resident voters in Hong Kong (who did not have a vote in any other functional constituency), effectively increasing the number of seats elected with universal suffrage to 40. The pro-Beijing camp scored a major success, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 Hong Kong Legislative Election
The 2008 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 7 September 2008 for the 4th Legislative Council of Hong Kong, Legislative Council since the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. There were 60 seats in the 4th Legislative Council, with 30 members elected by geographical constituencies through direct elections, and 30 members by functional constituency (Hong Kong), functional constituencies. Candidates for 14 functional constituency seats were unopposed. The turnout rate was 45 percent with 1.51 million voters casting the ballots, about 10 percent lower than the 2004 Hong Kong legislative election, previous election in 2004. The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) remained the largest single party in the Legislative Council with 13 seats if including the two members of the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) while the pro-business Liberal Party (Hong Kong), Liberal Party suffered a big defeat by losing the two heavyw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Alliance (Hong Kong)
Professional Forum (), formerly known as the Breakfast Group () and The Alliance (), was a loose political group of the independent politicians in the Legislative Council in Hong Kong. In October 2012, the group formed the Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (BPA) with other LegCo members from the pro-business sectors. Breakfast Group The Breakfast Group was set up in 1991 in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong by Simon Ip Sik-on and Eric Li Ka-cheung and consisted of four other legislators elected through the functional constituencies or appointed by the Governor of Hong Kong. Each representing their professional sectors' interests, they had no clear political affiliations and were considered as relatively moderate and independent and acted as a third force between pro-democracy and pro-Beijing camps, although it was largely pro-government. In 1994, the Breakfast Group members Simon Ip and Martin Gilbert Barrow, who said they would vote for the Liberal Party's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
