Events

January–February

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

– The

International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)In the other common languages of the ITU: * * is a list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information ...

, a specialist agency of the

League of Nations The League of Nations (LN or LoN; , SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace ...

, is established. *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Roman emperor, Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. *1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to set ...

– The 8.0 Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes

Nepal Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China Ch ...

and

Bihar Bihar ( ) is a states and union territories of India, state in Eastern India. It is the list of states and union territories of India by population, second largest state by population, the List of states and union territories of India by are ...

with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (''Extreme''), killing an estimated 6,000–10,700 people. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...

– French political crisis: The French far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon, in an attempted coup d'état against the Third Republic. *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...

** Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

. **

Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

and

Yugoslavia , common_name = Yugoslavia , life_span = 1918–19921941–1945: World War II in Yugoslavia#Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia, Axis occupation , p1 = Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia , flag_p ...

form the Balkan Pact. *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...

– 15 – Austrian Civil War: The Fatherland Front consolidates its power in a series of clashes across the country. *

February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battl ...

– The Commission of Government is sworn in, as a form of direct rule for the

Dominion of Newfoundland Newfoundland was a British dominion in eastern North America, today the modern Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It included the island of Newfoundland, and Labrador on the continental mainland. Newfoundland was one of the orig ...

. *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...

– Augusto César Sandino is assassinated in

Managua Managua () is the capital city, capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the List of largest cities in Central America, largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1, ...

, by the National Guard. * February 23 – King Leopold III of Belgium succeeds to the throne, following the death (February 17) of his father King Albert I.

March–April

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

– Manchukuo, the Japanese puppet state in

Manchuria Manchuria is a historical region in northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day northeast China and parts of the modern-day Russian Far East south of the Uda (Khabarovsk Krai), Uda River and the Tukuringra-Dzhagdy Ranges. The exact ...

established in 1932, proclaimed a monarchy under Puyi. *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of th ...

– Prime Minister Konstantin Päts stages a self-coup by declaring a state of emergency in

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

, with the approval of the

parliament In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

, beginning the country's Era of Silence. * March 13 – John Dillinger and his gang rob the First National Bank in Mason City, Iowa, United States, stealing $52,000. * March 20 – The Great Hakodate Fire kills at least 2,166 people in southern Hokkaido, Japan. * March 24 – The Tydings–McDuffie Act is passed, allowing the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

a greater degree of self-government from the United States. *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...

– The "surgeon's photograph" of the

Loch Ness Monster The Loch Ness Monster (), known affectionately as Nessie, is a mythical creature in Scottish folklore that is said to inhabit Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. It is often described as large, long-necked, and with one or more humps protrud ...

, taken in Scotland by London gynaecologist Robert Kenneth Wilson and in 1994 admitted to be a hoax, is published in the '' Daily Mail'' London national newspaper.

May–June

* May 1 – The May Constitution of 1934 heralds the beginning of the Austrofascist

Federal State of Austria The Federal State of Austria (; colloquially known as the "") was a continuation of the First Austrian Republic between 1934 and 1938 when it was a one-party state led by the conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and politi ...

. * May 15 – Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in

Latvia Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to t ...

. * May 19 – Kimon Georgiev stages a coup d'état in Bulgaria. * May 23 – American outlaws Bonnie and Clyde are ambushed and killed by police in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. * May 28 – Near Callander, Ontario, Canada, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy. * May 31 – The Barmen Declaration, largely drafted by Karl Barth, is signed by Christians in Nazi Germany who are opposed to the pro-Nazi German Christian movement. * June 9 – Donald Duck makes his film debut in

Walt Disney Walter Elias Disney ( ; December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American animator, film producer, voice actor, and entrepreneur. A pioneer of the Golden age of American animation, American animation industry, he introduced several develop ...

's '' Silly Symphony'' cartoon '' The Wise Little Hen''. * June 10 –

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

beats

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...

2–1 after extra time, to win the 1934 World Cup, staged in Italy. * June 14 –

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...

and

Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who, upon assuming office as Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister, became the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 un ...

meet for the first time, at the Venice Biennale. *

June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Siege of Constantinople (860), Byzantine� ...

– The Indian Reorganization Act is enacted. * June 27 – Imam Yahya of

Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...

and Ibn Saud of

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...

conclude a

peace treaty A peace treaty is an treaty, agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually country, countries or governments, which formally ends a declaration of war, state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice, which is an ag ...

. * June 30 – July 2 – Night of the Long Knives in Germany:

Nazis Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...

purge the '' Sturmabteilung'' (SA), the left-wing Strasserist faction of the

Nazi Party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor ...

, and prominent conservative anti-Nazis, in a series of political murders. * June 30 – The

SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the '' Schutzstaffel'' (SS).

July–August

* July 1 – The Hays Code begins to be strictly enforced in the Hollywood film industry, lasting until 1968. * July 13 – Hitler gives a speech to the Reichstag, justifying his purge. * July 25 – July Putsch: Austrian

assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, during a failed coup attempt. * August 2 –

becomes '' Führer'' of Germany, or head of state combined with that of Chancellor, following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg. * August 8 – The

Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the German Army (1935–1945), ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmac ...

swears a personal oath of loyalty to

. * August 15 – The

United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines or simply the Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for conducting expeditionar ...

leaves

Haiti Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of the Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican ...

. * August 19 – 1934 German referendum: In a referendum, 90% of the German population approves of Hitler's assumption of presidential powers, as Führer and Reichskanzler.

September–October

* September 5– 10 – The 6th Nuremberg Rally is staged by the German

. * September 8 – Off the

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner kills 134 people. * September 15 – 1934 Australian federal election: Joseph Lyons' UAP

government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a State (polity), state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive (government), execu ...

is re-elected with a decreased majority, defeating the Labor Party, led by former

Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

James Scullin. Consequently, Lyons is forced to resume the

Coalition A coalition is formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political, military, or economic spaces. Formation According to ''A G ...

with the Country Party, and include them in his government. Scullin steps down from the Labor leadership shortly after; he is replaced by future Prime Minister John Curtin. * September 19 ** The

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

joins the

. ** Bruno Richard Hauptmann is arrested in connection with the Lindbergh kidnapping case in the U.S. * September 21 – The Muroto typhoon in

Honshū , historically known as , is the largest of the four main islands of Japan. It lies between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It is the seventh-largest island in the world, and the second-most populous after the Indonesian ...

, Japan kills 3,036 people, and destroys the temple, schools, and other buildings in

Osaka is a Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the List of cities in Japan, third-most populous city in J ...

. * September 22 – A gas explosion at Gresford Colliery in Wrexham, north-east Wales, kills 266 miners and rescuers. * September 28 –

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

joins the

. * October 2 – A

typhoon A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere and which produces sustained hurricane-force winds of at least . This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, accounting for a ...

and

Kyoto Kyoto ( or ; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu. , the city had a population of 1.46 million, making it t ...

, Japan, kills 1,660, injures 5,400, and destroys the rice harvest. * October 6 – Events of October the 6th: the President of

Catalonia Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situate ...

, Lluís Companys, declares the Catalan State of the Spanish Federal Republic, but Spanish troops swiftly crush the Catalan forces, and arrest him and the members of the Catalan government. The autonomy of Catalonia is suspended until

1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...

. * October 9 – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated, during the king's state visit in

Marseille Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the ...

. * October 16 – The

Long March The Long March ( zh, s=长征, p=Chángzhēng, l=Long Expedition) was a military retreat by the Chinese Red Army and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from advancing Kuomintang forces during the Chinese Civil War, occurring between October 1934 and ...

of the

People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the military of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). It consists of four Military branch, services—People's Liberation Army Ground Force, Ground Force, People's ...

of the

Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...

begins. * October 20– November 3 – Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first eastward crossing of the Pacific Ocean, from his native

Brisbane Brisbane ( ; ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the States and territories of Australia, state of Queensland and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia, with a ...

, Australia, to

San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...

, in the Lockheed Altair '' Lady Southern Cross''. The November 3 Hawaii–San Francisco leg is the first eastward flight from Hawaii to North America. * October 20– November 5 – The MacRobertson Air Race is flown from RAF Mildenhall in England to

Melbourne Melbourne ( , ; Boonwurrung language, Boonwurrung/ or ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and List of cities in Australia by population, most populous city of the States and territories of Australia, Australian state of Victori ...

, Australia, to celebrate the centenary of the state of Victoria. The overall winner is the British de Havilland DH.88 Comet G-ACSS ''Grosvenor House'', flown by C. W. A. Scott and Tom Campbell Black.

November–December

* November 6 – Attempted exclusion of Egon Kisch from Australia begins. * November 23 – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lies well within

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

n territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis. * November 27 – Daniel Salamanca Urey, President of Bolivia, is deposed in a military coup, and replaced by José Luis Tejada Sorzano. * December 5 – Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50. * December 27 – Persia becomes

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

. * December 29 – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

Date unknown

* Winter – Tadj ol-Molouk, Empress consort of

, and her daughters appear publicly in

Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9. ...

without a

veil A veil is an article of clothing or hanging cloth that is intended to cover some part of the human head, head or face, or an object of some significance. Veiling has a long history in European, Asian, and African societies. The practice has be ...

, leading to its abolition in the country. *

Abidjan Abidjan ( , ; N'Ko script, N'ko: ߊߓߌߖߊ߲߬) is the largest city and the former capital of Ivory Coast. As of the Demographics of Ivory Coast, 2021 census, Abidjan's population was 6.3 million, which is 21.5 percent of the overall population ...

becomes the capital of the French colony of

Ivory Coast Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital city of Yamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, while its largest List of ci ...

. * The sonoluminescence effect is discovered, at the University of Cologne. * The Australian frontier wars end, after 146 years. * The

Yomiuri Giants The are a Japanese professional baseball team competing in Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League. Based in Bunkyo, Tokyo, they are one of two professional baseball teams based in Tokyo, the other being the Tokyo Yakult Swallows. They h ...

, a successful professional baseball club in Japan, is founded in

Tokyo Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ...

Births

January

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

– Wael Zwaiter, Palestinian writer (d.

1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading (871), Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred the Great, Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasi ...

** Rudolf Schuster, 2nd President of Slovakia ** Zurab Tsereteli, Georgian-Russian painter, sculptor, architect (d.

2025 So far, the year has seen the continuation of major armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Sudanese civil war (2023–present), Sudanese civil war, and the Gaza war. Internal crises in Bangladesh post-resignation v ...

) *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...

– Eddy Pieters Graafland, Dutch football goalkeeper (d.

2020 The year 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of even ...

) *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...

** Charles Jenkins, American sprinter ** Tassos Papadopoulos, Cypriot politician, 5th President of Cyprus (d. 2008) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...

– Leonid Kravchuk,

President of Ukraine The president of Ukraine (, ) is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties. ...

(d. 2022) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

– Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...

** Richard Briers, English actor (d.

2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...

) ** Pierre Darmon, French tennis player *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...

– Marilyn Horne, American mezzo-soprano *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...

–

Cedar Walton Cedar Anthony Walton Jr. (January 17, 1934 – August 19, 2013) was an American hard bop jazz pianist. He came to prominence as a member of drummer Art Blakey's band, The Jazz Messengers, before establishing a long career as a bandleader and c ...

, American jazz pianist (d.

) *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...

– Raymond Briggs, British writer and illustrator (d. 2022) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...

– Tom Baker, British actor *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...

– Ann Wedgeworth, American actress (d. 2017) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...

– Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and dramatist (d.

1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...

) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...

– Édith Cresson,

Prime Minister of France The prime minister of France (), officially the prime minister of the French Republic (''Premier ministre de la République française''), is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of its Council of Ministers. The prime ...

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...

– Tammy Grimes, American actress (d. 2016) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...

– Eva Mozes Kor, Romanian Holocaust survivor and author (d. 2019)

February

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...

– Hank Aaron, American baseball player (d. 2021) *

February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 & ...

– Eddie Fenech Adami, 10th Prime Minister of Malta and 7th

President of Malta The president of Malta () is the constitutional head of state of Malta. The president is indirect election, indirectly elected by the House of Representatives of Malta, which appoints the president for a five-year term and requires them to sw ...

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – The Siege of Baghdad ends with the surrender of the last Abbasid caliph to Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bru ...

– Fleur Adcock, New Zealand poet (d. 2024) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...

** Manuel Noriega, Panamanian military dictator (d. 2017) ** John Surtees, British racing driver (d. 2017) *

– Anne Krueger, American economist *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...

– George Segal, American actor (d. 2021) *

February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...

– Florence Henderson, American actress, singer and television personality (d. 2016) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...

–

Niklaus Wirth Niklaus Emil Wirth ( IPA: ) (15 February 1934 – 1 January 2024) was a Swiss computer scientist. He designed several programming languages, including Pascal, and pioneered several classic topics in software engineering. In 1984, he won the Tu ...

, Swiss computer scientist (d. 2024) * February 17 ** Sir Alan Bates, British actor (d. 2003) ** Barry Humphries, Australian actor, comedian (d. 2023) *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna. * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...

** Anna Maria Ferrero, Italian actress (d. 2018) ** Paco Rabanne, Spanish fashion designer (d. 2023) *

– Rue McClanahan, American actress (d.

2010 The year saw a multitude of natural and environmental disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and the 2010 Chile earthquake. The 2009 swine flu pandemic, swine flu pandemic which began the previous year ...

) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...

** Bettino Craxi,

Prime Minister of Italy The prime minister of Italy, officially the president of the Council of Ministers (), is the head of government of the Italy, Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is established by articles 92–96 of the Co ...

(d. 2000) ** Renata Scotto, Italian soprano (d. 2023) ** Bingu wa Mutharika, Malawian President, economist (d.

2012 2012 was designated as: *International Year of Cooperatives *International Year of Sustainable Energy for All Events January *January 4 – The Cicada 3301 internet hunt begins. * January 12 – Peaceful protests begin in the R ...

) * February 27 – Ralph Nader, American consumer activist and presidential candidate

March

– Joan Hackett, American actress (d.

1983 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning of the ...

) *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 * AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 581 – Yang Jian declares himself Emperor ...

– Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001) *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Easte ...

– Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist and Nobel laureate (d. 2024) *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 845 – The 42 Martyrs of Amorium are killed after refusing to convert to Islam. * 1204 &ndas ...

– Milton Diamond, American sexologist and professor of anatomy and reproductive biology (d. 2024) *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, Posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the Annals of Quedlinburg, annals of the mo ...

** Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, first human in space (d. 1968) ** Joyce Van Patten, American actress *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...

** Eugene Cernan, American astronaut (d. 2017) ** Dionigi Tettamanzi, Italian cardinal (d. 2017) * March 16 – Ray Hnatyshyn, Canadian statesman, 24th

Governor General of Canada The governor general of Canada () is the federal representative of the . The monarch of Canada is also sovereign and head of state of 14 other Commonwealth realms and resides in the United Kingdom. The monarch, on the Advice (constitutional la ...

(d. 2002) * March 18 –

Charley Pride Charley Frank Pride (March 18, 1934 – December 12, 2020) was an American Country music, country singer. Beginning his career as a Negro league baseball player in the early-1950s, he later pursued a career in country music, becoming the gen ...

, American country musician (d.

) * March 20 –

David Malouf David George Joseph Malouf (; born 20 March 1934) is an Australian poet, novelist, short story writer, playwright and Libretto, librettist. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2008, Malouf has lectured at both the University ...

, Australian writer *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. * 1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the las ...

– Ludvig Faddeev, Russian physicist and mathematician (d. 2017) * March 25 ** Johnny Burnette, American

rockabilly Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music. It dates back to the early 1950s in the United States, especially the Southern United States, South. As a genre, it blends the sound of Western music (North America), Western musi ...

singer, songwriter and musician (d. 1964) **

Gloria Steinem Gloria Marie Steinem ( ; born March 25, 1934) is an American journalist and social movement, social-political activist who emerged as a nationally recognized leader of second-wave feminism in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. ...

, American feminist * March 26 – Alan Arkin, American actor (d. 2023) * March 30 – Hans Hollein, Austrian architect and designer (d.

2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...

) * March 31 ** Richard Chamberlain, American actor (d.

) **

Shirley Jones Shirley Mae Jones (born March 31, 1934) is an American actress and singer. In her six decades in show business, she has starred as wholesome characters in a number of musical films, such as ''Oklahoma! (film), Oklahoma!'' (1955), ''Carousel (fi ...

, American singer and actress ** John D. Loudermilk, American singer-songwriter (d. 2016) ** Carlo Rubbia, Italian Nobel physicist ** Kamala Surayya, Indian poet and author (d.

2009 2009 was designated as the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's first known astronomical studies with a telescope and the publication of Astronomia Nova by Joha ...

)

April

* April 1 ** Vladimir Posner, Russian journalist ** Pascal Rakotomavo, 10th prime minister of Madagascar (d.

) *

April 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...

– Paul Cohen, American mathematician (d. 2007) * April 3 ** Pina Pellicer, Mexican actress (d. 1964) ** Jane Goodall, British zoologist *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...

– Roman Herzog, 9th

President of Germany The president of Germany, officially titled the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (),The official title within Germany is ', with ' being added in international correspondence; the official English title is President of the F ...

(d. 2017) * April 6 – Anton Geesink, Dutch 10th-dan judoka (d.

) * April 11 – Mark Strand, Canadian-born American poet (d.

) * April 18 –

James Drury James Child Drury Jr. (April 18, 1934 – April 6, 2020) was an American actor. He is best known for having played the title role in the 90-minute weekly Western television series '' The Virginian'', which was broadcast on NBC from 1962 ...

, American actor (d.

) * April 20 – John Malecela, 6th prime minister of Tanzania *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

** Jayakanthan, Tamil writer (d. 2015) ** Shirley MacLaine, American actress, dancer, writer * April 29 – Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, President of Cape Verde

May

* May 3 ** Henry Cooper, British boxer (d.

2011 The year marked the start of a Arab Spring, series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen ...

) **

Frankie Valli Francesco Stephen Castelluccio (born May 3, 1934), better known by his stage name Frankie Valli, is an American singer and occasional actor, best known as the frontman (lead singer) of The Four Seasons (band), the Four Seasons. He is known for ...

, American musician ('' The Four Seasons'') * May 4 – Tatiana Samoilova, Russian actress (d.

) * May 9 ** Alan Bennett, British playwright, screenwriter, actor, and author ** Lee Hong-koo, South Korean politician, 26th Prime Minister of South Korea * May 21 – Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2024) * May 23 – Robert Moog, American inventor of the synthesizer (d.

2005 2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Internationa ...

) * May 24 - Barry Rose, English choir trainer and Cathedral organist * May 27 –

Harlan Ellison Harlan Jay Ellison (May 27, 1934 – June 28, 2018) was an American writer, known for his prolific and influential work in New Wave science fiction, New Wave speculative fiction and for his outspoken, combative personality. His published wo ...

, American writer (d. 2018) * May 30 – Alexei Leonov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2019) * May 31 – Bhagwatikumar Sharma, Indian author and journalist (d. 2018)

June

June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...

– Pat Boone, American actor and singer * June 4 – Dame Daphne Sheldrick, Kenyan conservationist and author (d. 2018) * June 5 – Chennupati Vidya, Indian politician and social worker (d. 2018) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointe ...

– King Albert II of Belgium * June 7 ** Philippe Entremont, French concert pianist. ** Koloa Talake, 7th prime minister of Tuvalu (d. 2008) * June 9 – Jackie Wilson, American singer (d. 1984) * June 11 – Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark, French-born consort of the Danish monarch (d. 2018) * June 15 – Rubén Aguirre, Mexican actor and comedian (d. 2016) * June 16 ** Dame Eileen Atkins, British actress ** William F. Sharpe, American economist and Nobel laureate ** Bill Cobbs, American actor (d. 2024) * June 19 – Désiré Rakotoarijaona, 4th prime minister of Madagascar * June 23 – Virbhadra Singh, Indian politician (d. 2021) * June 28 – Michael Artin, American mathematician * June 29 – Susan George, American and French political, social scientist, activist and writer * June 30 – C. N. R. Rao, Indian chemist

July

* July 1 ** Ilselil Larsen, Danish actress (d.

) ** Sydney Pollack, American film director (d. 2008) * July 3 – Stefan Abadzhiev, Bulgarian footballer (d. 2024) * July 5 – Adriana Roel, Mexican actress (d. 2022) * July 7 ** Raphael Owor, Ugandan physician, pathologist, academic and medical researcher ** Kedarnath Singh, Indian poet (d. 2018) * July 8 ** Fred Stewart, Canadian politician (d. 2022) ** Ole Lund, Norwegian barrister and industrial leader ** Marty Feldman, English comedy writer, comedian and actor (d. 1982) * July 9 – Michael Graves, American architect (d. 2015) * July 10 – Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer (d.

) * July 11 ** Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer ** Clark R. Rasmussen, American politician (d. 2024) * July 12 ** Van Cliburn, American pianist (d.

) ** Ulf Schmidt, Swedish tennis player * July 13 ** Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer and Nobel laureate ** Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian cosmonaut * July 14 – Ángel del Pozo, Spanish actor (d.

) * July 15 –

Harrison Birtwistle Sir Harrison Birtwistle (15 July 1934 – 18 April 2022) was an English composer of contemporary classical music best known for his operas, often based on mythological subjects. Among his many compositions, his better known works include '' T ...

, British composer (d. 2022) * July 16 – George Hilton, Uruguayan-Italian actor (d. 2019) * July 19 – Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d.

1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union, grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning Sys ...

) * July 22 **

Louise Fletcher Estelle Louise Fletcher (July 22, 1934 – September 23, 2022) was an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her portrayal of the antagonist Nurse Ratched in the film '' One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'' (1975), which earned her numero ...

, American actress (d. 2022) ** Leon Rotman, Romanian sprint canoeist ** Oluyemi Adeniji, Nigerian career diplomat, politician (d. 2017) * July 24 – P. S. Soosaithasan, Sri Lankan Tamil politician (d. 2017) *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known t ...

– Bud Luckey, American voice actor, Pixar animator (d. 2018)

August

* August 2 – Valery Bykovsky, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2019) * August 3 – Jonas Savimbi, Angolan political and rebel leader (d. 2002) * August 5 – Gay Byrne, Irish broadcaster (d. 2019) * August 6 – Edmond Simeoni, Corsican politician and nationalist (d. 2018) * August 11 – Viktor Tolmachev, Russian engineer (d. 2018) * August 15 ** Nino Ferrer, French singer (d. 1998) ** André Bo-Boliko Lokonga, Congolese politician (d. 2018) * August 16 – Angela Buxton, British tennis player (d.

) * August 18 ** Ronnie Carroll, Northern Irish singer (d. 2015) ** Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican

Major League Baseball Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball league composed of 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (baseball), National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. MLB i ...

player (d.

) ** Gulzar, Indian film director, lyricist and poet * August 19 – Renée Richards, American ophthalmologist and tennis player * August 20 – Armi Kuusela, Miss Universe 1952 from

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

* August 22 – Norman Schwarzkopf, U.S. Army general (d.

) * August 24 – Kenny Baker, English actor (d. 2016) * August 25 ** Zilda Arns, Brazilian pediatrician, aid worker (d.

) ** Hsiao Teng-tzang, Taiwanese politician (d. 2017) ** Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, 4th President of Iran (d. 2017) * August 28 – Zeng Shiqiang, Taiwanese sinologist, scholar, and writer (d. 2018) * August 30 – Anatoly Solonitsyn, Russian actor (d. 1982)

September

* September 1 – Léon Mébiame, Gabonese politician (d. 2015) *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus Fall of the Western Roman Empire, ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, Posthumous name, posthumously known as ...

** Clive Granger, Welsh-born economist,

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...

laureate (d.

) ** Juraj Herz, Slovak film director, actor, and scenic designer (d. 2018) ** Eduard Khil, Russian baritone singer (" Trololo") (d.

) ** Zaid ibn Shaker, 3-time prime minister of Jordan (d. 2002) ** Jan Švankmajer, Czech filmmaker, artist * September 6 – Marshall Rosenberg, American psychologist and writer (d. 2015) * September 7 – Omar Karami, 29th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2015) * September 8 – Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer (d. 2016) * September 9 – Nicholas Liverpool, Dominican lawyer, politician, and 6th President of Dominica (d. 2015) * September 13 – Zbigniew Zapasiewicz, Polish actor (d.

) * September 15 – Fob James, American politician and Governor of Alabama from 1979 to 1983, and from 1995 to 1999 * September 16 ** Elgin Baylor, American basketball player and executive (d. 2021) ** Ronnie Drew, Irish singer with The Dubliners band (d. 2008) * September 17 – Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (d. 1969) * September 19 – Brian Epstein, British manager of

the Beatles The Beatles were an English Rock music, rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. The core lineup of the band comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are widely regarded as the Cultural impact of the Beatle ...

, co-founder of Northern Songs (d. 1967) * September 20 ** Rajinder Puri, Indian cartoonist, veteran columnist and political activist (d. 2015) ** Sophia Loren, Italian actress ** Takayuki Kubota, Japanese martial artist, founder of the Gosoku-ryu style of karate (d. 2024) * September 21 **

Leonard Cohen Leonard Norman Cohen (September 21, 1934November 7, 2016) was a Canadian songwriter, singer, poet, and novelist. Themes commonly explored throughout his work include faith and mortality, isolation and depression, betrayal and redemption, soc ...

, Canadian poet, novelist, singer and songwriter (d. 2016) ** David J. Thouless, Scottish-born condensed-matter physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2019) ** María Rubio, Mexican actress (d. 2018) * September 23 – Ahmad Shah Khan, Crown Prince of Afghanistan (d. 2024) * September 27 – Wilford Brimley, American actor and singer (d.

) * September 28 – Brigitte Bardot, French actress, animal rights activist * September 29 – Idowu Sofola, Nigerian jurist (d. 2018) * September 30 – Udo Jürgens, Austrian-Swiss composer, popular music singer (d.

)

October

* October 5 – Angelo Buono, American serial killer (d. 2002) * October 7 – Amiri Baraka, African-American poet, playwright and activist (d.

) * October 9 ** Jacobo Majluta Azar, 47th President of the Dominican Republic (d. 1996) ** Abdullah Ibrahim, South African pianist and composer * October 12 – Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen (d. 2015) * October 13 – Nana Mouskouri, Greek popular singer * October 19 – Yakubu Gowon, Nigerian politician * October 20 – Mary Peach, British actress * October 30 – Frans Brüggen, Dutch baroque conductor and woodwind player (d.

) * October 31 – Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler, Princess of Sweden

November

* November 1 – Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-born automobile executive (d.

2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...

) * November 2 – Ken Rosewall, Australian tennis champion * November 5 – Kira Muratova, Ukrainian film director, screenwriter and actress (d. 2018) * November 9 ** Ingvar Carlsson, twice prime minister of Sweden ** Hamilton Green, 4th prime minister of Guyana ** Carl Sagan, American astronomer, writer, and TV presenter (d. 1996) ** Tengiz Sigua, 2nd Prime Minister of Georgia (d.

) * November 11 – Elżbieta Krzesińska, Polish athlete (d. 2015) * November 12 – Charles Manson, American cult leader and murderer (d. 2017) * November 13 – Garry Marshall, American film producer, director and actor (d. 2016) * November 23 – Lew Hoad, Australian tennis champion (d.

1994 The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitti ...

) * November 30 –

Lansana Conté Lansana Conté (; 30 November 1934 – 22 December 2008

, President of Guinea (d. 2008)

December

* December 1 – Billy Paul, African-American singer (d. 2016) * December 3 – Viktor Gorbatko, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2017) * December 5 – Joan Didion, American novelist (d. 2021) * December 8 – Alisa Freindlich, Soviet and Russian actress * December 9 ** Judi Dench, English actress ** Junior Wells, American harmonica player (d. 1998) * December 10 – Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.

) * December 11 – Radha Viswanathan, Indian vocalist, classical dancer (d. 2018) * December 12 – Miguel de la Madrid, 52nd president of Mexico (d.

) * December 13 – Richard D. Zanuck, American producer (d.

) * December 14 – Shyam Benegal, Indian film director and screenwriter (d. 2024) *

December 15 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – Vandalic War: Byzantine Empire, Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum. * 687 – Pope Sergius I is elected as a compromise between antipopes P ...

– Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, 6th president of Somalia (d.

) * December 17 – Shan Tianfang, Chinese pingshu performer (d. 2018) * December 18 – Boris Volynov, Russian cosmonaut * December 19 **

Aki Aleong Assing "Aki" Aleong (born December 19, 1934) is a Trinidadian-born American character actor and singer who has also been active in songwriting and musical production. Early life Aleong was born to Henry Leong (Aleong), a cook from Hong Ko ...

, Trinidad and Tobago-born American actor ** Pratibha Patil, President of India * December 24 – Stjepan Mesić, 2nd President of Croatia * December 28 ** Forough Farrokhzad, Iranian poet, writer and filmmaker (d. 1967) ** Maggie Smith, English actress (d. 2024) ** Yujiro Ishihara, Japanese actor (d.

1987 Events January * January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency. * January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade. * January 3 – Afghan leader ...

) * December 30 ** John N. Bahcall, American astrophysicist and astronomer, co-developed the

Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the Orbiting Solar Observatory, first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most ...

(d.

) ** Joseph Bologna, American actor, director, playwright and screenwriter (d. 2017) ** Barry Briggs, New Zealand motorcycle racer and sportscaster ** Joseph P. Hoar, American general (d. 2022) ** Tony Serra, American criminal defense and

civil rights Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' political freedom, freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and ...

attorney, political activist and tax resister ** Del Shannon, American singer ('' Runaway'') (d. 1990) ** Russ Tamblyn, American film and television actor

Deaths

January

– Jakob Wassermann, German writer (b. 1873) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

– Herbert Chapman, English football manager (b. 1878) *

– Augustin Dubail, French general (b. 1851) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...

– Andrei Bely, Russian writer (b. 1880) *

– Marinus van der Lubbe, Dutch communist accused of setting fire to the Reichstag (executed) (b. 1909) *

– Helen Zimmern, German-born British writer and translator (b. 1846) *

– Hermann Bahr, Austrian writer and playwright (b. 1863) *

– Henry Walter Barnett, Australian photographer and filmmaker (b. 1862) *

– Aref Qazvini, Iranian poet, lyricist and musician (b. 1882) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

– Robert Brady, American criminal (b. 1904) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...

– Fritz Haber, German chemist,

laureate (b. 1868)

February

Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of " Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: ...

– Maria Domenica Mantovani, Italian

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

religious professed and blessed (b. 1862) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

– Eleonora de Cisneros, American opera singer (b. 1878) * February 17 – King

Albert I of Belgium Albert I (8 April 1875 – 17 February 1934) was King of the Belgians from 23 December 1909 until his death in 1934. He is popularly referred to as the Knight King (, ) or Soldier King (, ) in Belgium in reference to his role during World War I ...

(b. 1875) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...

– Caleb Bradham, American pharmacist, inventor of

Pepsi Pepsi is a Carbonated water, carbonated soft drink with a cola flavor, manufactured by PepsiCo which serves as its flagship product. In 2023, Pepsi was the second most valuable soft drink brand worldwide behind Coca-Cola; the two share a long ...

(b. 1867) *

– Augusto César Sandino, Nicaraguan revolutionary and rebel (murdered) (b. 1895) * February 23 ** Sir Edward Elgar, British composer (b. 1857) ** Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril, Indian Orthodox priest and saint (b. 1858) * February 25 –

Elizabeth Gertrude Britton Elizabeth Gertrude Britton (née Knight) (January 9, 1858 – February 25, 1934) was an American botanist, bryologist, and educator. She and her husband, Nathaniel Lord Britton, played a significant role in the fundraising and creation of the New ...

, American botanist, bryologist, and educator (b. 1858)

March

** Wilhelm Diegelmann, German actor (b. 1861) ** Charles Webster Leadbeater, British author and Theosophist (b. 1854) *

** João do Canto e Castro, Portuguese army officer, 67th

Prime Minister of Portugal The prime minister of Portugal (; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to Ass ...

and 5th President of Portugal (b. 1862) ** Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma (b.

1886 Events January * January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British rule in Burma, British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885. * January 5–January 9, 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson ...

) * March 15 – Davidson Black, Canadian-born paleoanthropologist (b. 1884) * March 19 – Edward Montagu-Stuart-Wortley, British army general (b. 1857) * March 20 ** Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Dutch Queen and regent (b. 1858) ** Sydney Deane, Australian cricketer and actor (b. 1863) * March 21 ** Nicanor Abelardo, Filipino composer (b. 1873) ** Lilyan Tashman, American actress (b. 1896) * March 26 – Alfredo Acton, Italian admiral and politician (b. 1867) * March 27 – Francis William Reitz, 5th president of the Orange Free State (b. 1844) *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Did ...

– Mahmoud Mokhtar, Egyptian sculptor (b. 1891) * March 29 – Otto Hermann Kahn, German-born philanthropist (b. 1867) * March 30 ** Paul Cazeneuve, French politician (b. 1852) ** Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar, Scottish politician, 8th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1860)

April

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...

** Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild, French socialite (b. 1864) ** Karl von Einem, German general (b. 1853) *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, ...

– Safvet-beg Basagic, Yugoslav writer (b. 1870) * April 11 ** Gerald du Maurier, British actor (b. 1873) ** John Collier (painter), John Collier, British painter (b. 1850) * April 15 – Karl Dane, Danish actor (b.

) * April 18 – Raffaele Garofalo, Italian criminologist and jurist (b. 1851) * April 26 ** Arturs Alberings, 6th Prime Minister of Latvia (b. 1876) ** John Hamilton (gangster), John Hamilton, Canadian gangster (b. 1899) * April 27 – Joe Vila, American sportswriter (b. 1866) * April 28 – Charley Patton, American Delta blues musician * April 30 – Hugh L. Scott, United States Army general (b. 1853)

May

* May 17 – Cass Gilbert, American architect (b. 1859) * May 19 – Edward William Nelson, American naturalist (b. 1855) * May 21 – James Durkin (actor), James Durkin, Canadian-born American actor (b. 1879) * May 23 ** Clyde Barrow, American outlaw, member of Barrow Gang (b. 1909) ** Bonnie Parker, American outlaw, member of Barrow Gang (b. 1910) * May 24 – Brand Whitlock, American journalist and politician (b. 1869) * May 25 – Gustav Holst, British composer (b. 1874) * May 26 – Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta (b. 1841) * May 29 – Eugenie Besserer, American silent film actress (b. 1868) * May 30 ** Tōgō Heihachirō, Japanese admiral (b. 1848) ** Julia Lopes de Almeida, Brazilian advocate and writer (b. 1862) * May 31 – Lew Cody, American actor (b. 1884)

June

* June 8 ** Dorothy Dell, American actress (b. 1915) * June 9 – Medeiros e Albuquerque, Brazilian poet and politician (b. 1867) * June 10 – Frederick Delius, British composer (b. 1862) * June 11 – Lev Vygotsky, Russian developmental psychologist (b. 1896) * June 19 – Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872-1934), Prince Bernhard of Lippe (b. 1872) * June 27 – Francesco Buhagiar, 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1876) * June 30 – Murdered during the Night of the Long Knives: ** Karl Ernst, Nazi SA leader in Berlin (b. 1904) ** Fritz Gerlich, German journalist (b. 1883) ** Edmund Heines, Deputy SA leader (b. 1897) ** Gustav von Kahr, German politician (b. 1862) ** Kurt von Schleicher, 23rd Chancellor of Germany (German Reich), Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882) ** Gregor Strasser, German Nazi politician (b. 1892)

July

* July 1 ** Ernst Röhm, German politician, Nazi SA Leader (assassinated) (b. 1887) ** Edgar Jung, German lawyer and political activist (assassinated) (b. 1894) * July 3 – Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Dutch prince consort (b. 1876) * July 4 ** Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Nobel Prize in Physics, physics (b. 1867) ** Hayim Nahman Bialik, Russian-born Jewish poet, considered Israel's national poet (b. 1873) * July 5 – Ahmad Zaki Pasha, Egyptian philologist (b. 1867) * July 6 – Prince Pedro Augusto of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1866) * July 8 – Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (b. 1848) * July 10 – Erich Mühsam, German author (b. 1878) * July 13 ** Kate Sheppard, New Zealand women's suffragist (b. 1848) ** Ignacio Sánchez Mejías, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1891) * July 15 ** Louis F. Gottschalk, American composer (b. 1864) ** Jules Renkin, Belgian politician and 28th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1862) * July 16 – Carlo Bergamini (sculptor), Carlo Bergamini, Italian sculptor (b. 1868) * July 20 – Padre Cicero, Brazilian

priest and reverend (b. 1844) * July 21 – Hubert Lyautey, Marshal of France (b. 1854) * July 22 – John Dillinger, American gangster (b. 1903) * July 23 – María Pilar López de Maturana Ortiz de Zárate, Spanish

religious blessed and blessed (b. 1884) * July 24 – Hans Hahn (mathematician), Hans Hahn, Austrian mathematician (b. 1879) * July 25 ** François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (b. 1874) ** Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian statesman and 10th Chancellor of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1892) * July 26 – Winsor McCay, American comic creator and animator (b. 1869) *

** Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (b. 1868) ** Louis Tancred, South African cricketer (b. 1876) ** Edith Yorke, British actress (b. 1867) * July 30 – Henry Norris (businessman), Sir Henry Norris, British politician and businessman (b. 1865)

August

* August 2 – Paul von Hindenburg, German general and politician, 2nd

(b. 1847) * August 8 – Wilbert Robinson, American baseball manager and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1863) * August 9 – Alfred Steux, Belgian road racing cyclist (b. 1892) * August 10 – George Hill (director), George Hill, American director (b. 1895) * August 13 – Mary Hunter Austin, American writer of fiction and non-fiction (b. 1868) * August 14 – Raymond Hood, American architect (b. 1881) * August 23 – Homer Van Meter, American criminal and bank robber (b. 1905) * August 27 – Linda Agostini, British-born Australian homicide victim (b. 1905) * August 28 – Edgeworth David, Sir Edgeworth David, British-born Australian geologist and explorer (b. 1858)

September

* September 2 – Russ Columbo, American singer and actor (b. 1908) * September 9 – Roger Fry, British artist (b. 1866) * September 10 – George Henschel, Sir George Henschel, English musician (b. 1850) * September 13 – Serafina Astafieva, Russian ballet dancer (b. 1876) * September 22 – Charles Makley, American criminal (b. 1889)

October

* October 5 – Jean Vigo, French film director (b. 1905) * October 9 ** King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (b. 1888) (assassinated) ** Vlado Chernozemski, Bulgarian revolutionary leader (b. 1897) ** Saint Innocencio of Mary Immaculate, Spanish

priest and saint (b. 1887) * October 12 – Willy Clarkson, British costume designer and wigmaker (b. 1861) * October 14 – Mikhail Matyushin, Russian painter and composer (b. 1861) * October 15 – Raymond Poincaré, 58th

and 10th President of France during World War I (b. 1860) * October 17 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist and neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1852) * October 19 – Alexander von Kluck, German general (b. 1846) * October 22 – Pretty Boy Floyd, American bank robber (shot by law officers) (b. 1904) * October 24 – Giacomo Montalto, Italian socialist leader and politician (b. 1864) * October 29 – Lou Tellegen, Dutch actor (b. 1881)

November

* November 2 – Edmond James de Rothschild, French philanthropist (b. 1845) * November 3 – Sir Robert McAlpine, 1st Baronet, Sir Robert McAlpine, Scottish builder (b. 1847) * November 8 – James Mark Baldwin, American philosopher and psychologist (b. 1861) * November 16 ** Alice Liddell, English inspiration for ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (b. 1852) ** Carl von Linde, German scientist and engineer (b. 1842) **Georgi Todorov (general), Georgi Todorov, Bulgarian general (b. 1858) * November 20 – Willem de Sitter, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (b. 1872) * November 22 – Harry Steppe, American vaudeville performer (b. 1888) * November 27 – Baby Face Nelson, American gangster (b. 1908) * November 30 – Hélène Boucher, French aviator (b. 1908)

December

* December 1 ** Sergey Kirov, Soviet politician (b.

) ** Blind Blake, American blues singer (b. 1896) * December 5 – Oskar von Hutier, German general (b. 1857) * December 6 – Charles Michael, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1863) * December 9 – Alceste De Ambris, Italian syndicalist (b. 1874) * December 26 – Wallace Thurman, American writer (b. 1902) * December 28 ** Lowell Sherman, American actor and director (b. 1888) ** Pablo Gargallo, Spanish sculptor and painter (b. 1881)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Not awarded this year * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Harold Clayton Urey * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot, William Parry Murphy * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Luigi Pirandello * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Arthur Henderson

References

External links

The 1930s Timeline: 1934
– from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia {{DEFAULTSORT:1934 1934,