Events

January

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading (871), Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred the Great, Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasi ...

– The

Fabian Society The Fabian Society () is a History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom, British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in ...

is founded in London to promote gradualist social progress. *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...

– Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera '' Princess Ida'', a satire on feminism, premières at the Savoy Theatre, London. *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...

– German microbiologist Robert Koch isolates '' Vibrio cholerae'', the

cholera Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some Strain (biology), strains of the Bacteria, bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea last ...

bacillus, working in India. *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...

– William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that

cremation Cremation is a method of Disposal of human corpses, final disposition of a corpse through Combustion, burning. Cremation may serve as a funeral or post-funeral rite and as an alternative to burial. In some countries, including India, Nepal, and ...

is not contrary to

English law English law is the common law list of national legal systems, legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly English criminal law, criminal law and Civil law (common law), civil law, each branch having its own Courts of England and Wales, ...

, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...

, setting a legal precedent. *

January January is the first month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the No ...

–

Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer and physician. He created the character Sherlock Holmes in 1887 for ''A Study in Scarlet'', the first of four novels and fifty-six short stories about Hol ...

's anonymous story " J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement" appears in the ''

Cornhill Magazine ''The Cornhill Magazine'' (1860–1975) was a monthly Victorian literature, Victorian magazine and literary journal named after the street address of the founding publisher Smith, Elder & Co. at 65 Cornhill, London, Cornhill in London.Laurel ...

'' (London). Based on the disappearance of the crew of the '' Mary Celeste'' in 1872, many of the fictional elements introduced by Doyle come to replace the real events in the popular imagination.

February

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

– ''A New English Dictionary on historical principles, part 1'' (edited by James A. H. Murray), the first fascicle of what will become ''The

Oxford English Dictionary The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house. The dictionary, which published its first editio ...

'', is published in England. *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...

– Derby County Football Club is founded in England.

March

* March 13 – The

Siege of Khartoum The siege of Khartoum (also known as the battle of Khartoum or fall of Khartoum) took place from 13 March 1884 to 26 January 1885. Mahdist State, Sudanese Mahdist forces captured the city of Khartoum, Sudan, from its Khedivate of Egypt, Egypti ...

begins in the

Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...

as part of the Mahdist War: an Egyptian garrison led by British General Charles Gordon and Sudanese civilians are besieged by Mahdist forces; the city falls on

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...

, 1885. *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Did ...

– Prince Leopold, the youngest son and eighth child of

Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in January 1901. Her reign of 63 year ...

and Prince Albert, dies, aged 30 in

Cannes Cannes (, ; , ; ) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a communes of France, commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions Internatio ...

(

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

) following a fall complicated by his haemophilia. His son, Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, is born nearly 4 months later. *

March March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 2 ...

– John Joseph Montgomery conducts the first manned glider flights in the United States near Otay, California.

April

* April 4 – The Treaty of Valparaiso, an armistice between

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

and

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

, ends the War of the Pacific; Bolivia is obliged to cede Antofagasta to Chile, leaving Bolivia as a landlocked country. * April 20 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical '' Humanum genus'', denouncing

Freemasonry Freemasonry (sometimes spelled Free-Masonry) consists of fraternal groups that trace their origins to the medieval guilds of stonemasons. Freemasonry is the oldest secular fraternity in the world and among the oldest still-existing organizati ...

and certain liberal beliefs which he considers to be associated with it. * April 22 ** A German protectorate is established over South-West Africa. ** The Colchester earthquake ("the Great English earthquake") measuring EMS-98 VIII ''(Heavily damaging)'' is the UK's most destructive, although no direct fatalities can be confirmed.

May

* May 1 – The eight-hour workday is first proclaimed by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in the United States. This date, called '' May Day'' or ''

Labour Day Labour Day is an annual day of celebration of the labour movement and its labor rights, achievements. It has its origins in the trade union, labour union movement, specifically the Eight-hour day movement, eight-hour day movement, which advoca ...

'', becomes a holiday recognized in almost every industrialized country. * May 4 – The Panic of 1884 creates a credit shortage that accelerates the current

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

economic recession into the Depression of 1882–1885. * May 16 ** Angelo Moriondo of

Turin Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is main ...

is granted a

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling discl ...

for an espresso machine. **

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

's Finance Minister Robert Themptander becomes his country's Prime Minister (1884–88).

June

* June 4 (N.S.) ( May 23 O.S.) – The future flag of Estonia is consecrated as the flag of the Estonian Students' Society. *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...

– LaMarcus Adna Thompson opens the "Gravity Pleasure Switchback Railway" at Coney Island, New York City. * June 28 – The Norwegian Association for Women's Rights (''Norsk Kvinnesaksforening'') is founded. Also this year, the Fredrika Bremer Association (''Fredrika Bremer Förbundet'') is founded in Sweden for the same purpose. *

June June is the sixth and current month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars—the latter the most widely used calendar in the world. Its length is 30 days. June succeeds May and precedes July. This month marks the start of su ...

– The first ascent is made of Castle Mountain in the Canadian Rockies, by geologist Arthur Philemon Coleman.

July

* July 1 – First International Forestry Exhibition opens in

Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...

, Scotland. * July 3 – The

Dow Jones Transportation Average The Dow Jones Transportation Average, (DJTA, also called the "Dow Jones Transports"), index ticker symbol DJT is a U.S. stock market index from S&P Dow Jones Indices of the transportation sector, and is the most widely recognized gauge of the ...

, consisting of eleven transportation-related companies (nine railroads and two non-rail companies, Western Union and Pacific Mail), is created in the United States. The index is the oldest stock index to remain in use. * July 5 –

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

takes possession of Togoland. * July 7 – Nagasaki Shipyard, predecessor of the Japanese

aircraft An aircraft ( aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to flight, fly by gaining support from the Atmosphere of Earth, air. It counters the force of gravity by using either Buoyancy, static lift or the Lift (force), dynamic lift of an airfoil, or, i ...

and

shipbuilding Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other Watercraft, floating vessels. In modern times, it normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation th ...

business Mitsubishi, is founded on the island of

Kyushu is the third-largest island of Japan's Japanese archipelago, four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa Island, Okinawa and the other Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Ryukyu Islands, Islands ...

. * July 14 – German administration is established in

Cameroon Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the R ...

. * July 23 – The first tennis tournaments, held in the grounds of Shrubland Hall, Leamington Spa, England, are recorded in today's ''Courier''.

August

* August 5 – The cornerstone for the

Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (''Liberty Enlightening the World''; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, within New York City. The copper-clad statue, a gift to the United States from the people of French Thir ...

is laid on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor. * August 10 – An

earthquake An earthquakealso called a quake, tremor, or tembloris the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those so weak they ...

measuring 5.5 affects a very large portion of the eastern United States. The shock has a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (''Very strong''). Chimneys are toppled in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Pennsylvania. Property damage is severe in Jamaica, Queens and Amityville, New York. * August 22 – The Sino-French War (for control of Tonkin) breaks out (continues to April 1885). *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Ca ...

– Sino-French War: Battle of Fuzhou – French Admiral Amédée Courbet's Far East Squadron virtually destroys China's Fujian Fleet.

September

* September 5 – Staten Island Academy is founded. * September 15 – The invention of local anesthesia by ophthalmologist Karl Koller is made public at a medical congress in

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; ; ) is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fifth-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with a population of about 163,000, of which roughly a quarter consists of studen ...

, Germany. * September 23– 24 (night) – Steamship ''Arctique'' runs aground near Cape Virgenes, leading to the discovery of nearby placer gold and beginning the Tierra del Fuego gold rush.

October

* October 6 – The United States

Naval War College The Naval War College (NWC or NAVWARCOL) is the staff college and "Home of Thought" for the United States Navy at Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island. The NWC educates and develops leaders, supports defining the future Navy and associa ...

is established in

Newport, Rhode Island Newport is a seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Rhode Island, United States. It is located in Narragansett Bay, approximately southeast of Providence, Rhode Island, Providence, south of Fall River, Massachusetts, south of Boston, and nort ...

. * October 18 – The University College of North Wales, Bangor, is founded in the UK. * October 22 ** The International Meridian Conference meeting in Washington, D.C., fixes the Greenwich meridian as the world's prime meridian (voted on October 13). ** The " Nine Graces", nine women who are the first to be awarded degrees from the Royal University of Ireland, become the first women in the United Kingdom to be awarded degrees. They include Alice Oldham, Isabella Mulvany and Charlotte M. Taylor. * October 30 – Hosay massacre in Trinidad: British colonial authorities fire on Indian indentured labourers marking a religious festival, killing at least 9.

November

* November 1 ** The Irish

Gaelic Athletic Association The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA; ; CLG) is an Irish international amateur sports, amateur sporting and cultural organisation, focused primarily on promoting indigenous Gaelic games and pastimes, which include the traditional Irish sports o ...

is founded in Thurles, Ireland. ** Leicester City F.C. play their first match, as Leicester Fosse Football Club, in England. * November 2 –

Timișoara Timișoara (, , ; , also or ; ; ; see #Etymology, other names) is the capital city of Timiș County, Banat, and the main economic, social and cultural center in Western Romania. Located on the Bega (Tisza), Bega River, Timișoara is consider ...

, Romania, is the first town in Europe with streets illuminated by electric light. * November 4 – 1884 United States presidential election: Democratic governor of New York

Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, serving from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. He was the first U.S. president to serve nonconsecutive terms and the first Hist ...

defeats Republican James G. Blaine in a very close contest, to win the first of his non-consecutive terms. * November 15 – The Berlin Conference, which regulates European colonisation and trade in Africa, begins (ends February 26, 1885).

December

* December 1 ** American Old West: Near Frisco, New Mexico, deputy sheriff Elfego Baca holds off a gang of 80 Texan cowboys, who want to kill him for arresting cowboy Charles McCarthy (the cowboys have been terrorizing the area's Hispanos, and Baca is working against them). **

Porfirio Díaz José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori (; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915) was a General (Mexico), Mexican general and politician who was the dictator of Mexico from 1876 until Mexican Revolution, his overthrow in 1911 seizing power in a Plan ...

returns as

President of Mexico The president of Mexico (), officially the president of the United Mexican States (), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Constitution of Mexico, the president heads the executive branch of the federal government and ...

, an office he will hold until 1911. * December 4 ** Reformers in Korea who admire the

Meiji Restoration The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored Imperial House of Japan, imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Althoug ...

in Japan stage the Gapsin Coup, with Japan's help. China intervenes to rescue the king and help suppress the rebels. ** Tom Dudley and Edwin Stephens are convicted of

murder Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse committed with the necessary Intention (criminal law), intention as defined by the law in a specific jurisd ...

in the survival cannibalism case of '' R v. Dudley and Stephens'' in the English courts. * December 6 ** The

Washington Monument The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father of the United States, victorious commander-in-chief of the Continen ...

is completed in Washington, D.C., becoming the tallest structure in the world at this date. ** The Third Reform Act widens the adult male electorate in the United Kingdom to around 60%. * December 10 –

Mark Twain Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, and essayist. He was praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced," with William Fau ...

's '' Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' is first published, in London. * December 16 – The World Cotton Centennial world's fair opens in

New Orleans New Orleans (commonly known as NOLA or The Big Easy among other nicknames) is a Consolidated city-county, consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the U.S. state of Louisiana. With a population of 383,997 at the 2020 ...

. * December 30 – Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 is premiered in

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

, bringing the composer his first great success.

Date unknown

* The first Christian

missionary A missionary is a member of a Religious denomination, religious group who is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Thoma ...

arrives in Korea. * Police training schools are established in every

prefecture A prefecture (from the Latin word, "''praefectura"'') is an administrative jurisdiction traditionally governed by an appointed prefect. This can be a regional or local government subdivision in various countries, or a subdivision in certain inter ...

in Japan. * The Yellow Crane Tower last burns in

Wuhan Wuhan; is the capital of Hubei, China. With a population of over eleven million, it is the most populous city in Hubei and the List of cities in China by population, eighth-most-populous city in China. It is also one of the nine National cent ...

. * Scottish Plymouth Brethren

Frederick Stanley Arnot identifies the source of the Zambezi River, near Kalene Hill. * The Stefan–Boltzmann law is reformulated by

Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann ( ; ; 20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian mathematician and Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist. His greatest achievements were the development of statistical mechanics and the statistical ex ...

. * Mexican General Manuel Mondragón designs an early form of the Mondragón rifle, the world's first automatic rifle. * Thomas Parker builds a practical production

electric car An electric car or electric vehicle (EV) is a passenger car, passenger automobile that is propelled by an electric motor, electric traction motor, using electrical energy as the primary source of propulsion. The term normally refers to a p ...

in Wolverhampton (England) using his own specially designed high-capacity rechargeable batteries. * The water hyacinth is introduced in the United States, and quickly becomes an

invasive species An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment. Invasive species adversely affect habitats and bioregions, causing ecological, environmental, and/or economic damage. The term can also be used for native spec ...

Births

January

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

** Chikuhei Nakajima, Japanese naval officer, engineer, and politician, founder of the Nakajima Aircraft Company (d.

1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...

) ** Konstantinos Tsaldaris, Greek politician, 2-time prime minister of Greece (d. 1970) *

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

– Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician (d.

1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...

) *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine Emperor Zeno (emperor), Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crow ...

– Texas Guinan, American vaudeville performer (d. 1933) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...

– Charles W. Whittlesey, United States Army officer, commander of the '' Lost Battalion'' in World War I (d. 1921) *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...

– Roger Nash Baldwin, American social activist (d. 1981) *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 ...

– Ralph DePalma, Italian-born American race car driver (d.

1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...

) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...

– Thomas Blamey, Australian field marshal (d. 1951) *

** Gheorghe Avramescu, Romanian general (d. 1945) ** Roy Chapman Andrews, American explorer, adventurer, and naturalist (d. 1960) *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...

– Auguste Piccard, Swiss physicist, balloonist, and inventor (d.

1962 The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from Ne ...

) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...

– Rickard Sandler, 20th prime minister of Sweden (d. 1964) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...

** Sōjin Kamiyama, Japanese actor in American silent films,(d. 1954) ** Pedro Pablo Ramírez, 26th

president of Argentina The president of Argentina, officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation, is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under Constitution of Argentina, the national constitution, the president is also the Head of go ...

, leader of

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

(d.

) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...

–

Theodor Heuss Theodor Heuss (; 31 January 1884 – 12 December 1963) was a German liberal politician who served as the first president of West Germany from 1949 to 1959. His civil demeanour and his cordial nature – something of a contrast to German nati ...

, German politician, 1st president of West Germany (d. 1963)

February

– Bradbury Robinson, American football player, who threw the first forward pass in American football history (d.

) *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...

– Burt Mustin, American actor (d. 1977) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...

** Max Beckmann, German painter, graphic artist (d.

1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 ...

) ** Marie Vassilieff, Russian artist (d. 1957) ** Johan Laidoner,

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

n general and statesman (d.

1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...

) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...

– Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American athlete, inventor (d. 1961) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...

–

Mieczysław Norwid-Neugebauer Mieczysław Norwid-Neugebauer (15 February 1884 in Rzejowice, near Radomsko – 18 October 1954 in Toronto) was a minister in the interwar Polish government, and a lieutenant general in the Polish Army. M. Norwid Neugebauer, Lieutenant-General, ...

, Polish general and politician (d. 1954) *

February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battl ...

– Robert J. Flaherty, American filmmaker (d. 1951) * February 17 – María Beatriz del Rosario Arroyo, Filipino

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

nun and servant of God (d. 1957) *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...

– Constantin Constantinescu-Claps, Romanian general (d. 1961) *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Fer ...

– Lew Cody, American actor (d. 1934) *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 * 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 320 – Chandragupta ...

– John Cyril Porte, Irish-born British flying boat pioneer (d. 1919) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...

–

Ants Piip Ants Piip VR III/1 (also Anton or Hans Piip; in Tuhalaane, Kreis Fellin – 1 October 1942 in Nyrobsky camp, Perm Oblast, Russian SFSR) was an Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician. Piip was the 1st Head of State of Estonia and the 5 ...

, Prime Minister of Estonia (d.

1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...

)

March

* March 13 – Sir Hugh Walpole, English novelist (d. 1941) * March 21 – George David Birkhoff, American mathematician (d. 1944) *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. * 1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the las ...

– Joseph Boxhall, RMS ''Titanic'' officer and survivor (d. 1967) * March 24 – Peter Debye, Dutch chemist,

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...

laureate (d.

1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...

) * March 25 – Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (d.

) * March 26 ** Wilhelm Backhaus, German pianist (d. 1969) ** Isaac C. Kidd, American admiral (d. 1941) * March 27 – James Cruze, American motion picture director (d.

)

April

* April 4 – Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese admiral (d.

1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 � ...

) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...

– Ion Inculeț, President of Moldova (d. 1940) *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...

– Bronisław Malinowski, Polish anthropologist (d.

) * April 12 – Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German-born physician, biochemist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1951) * April 20 – Oliver Kirk, American Olympic boxer (d. 1960) * April 22 – Tenby Davies, Welsh half-mile world champion runner (d.

1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...

) *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

– Otto Froitzheim, German tennis player (d.

)

May

* May 2 – John Boland, American politician (d. 1958) * May 5 – Jean Decoux, French admiral, Governor-General of French Indochina (1940–1945) (d. 1963) * May 8 – Harry S. Truman, 33rd

president of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...

(d.

1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, ...

) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

– Olga Petrova, English-born American actress (d. 1977) * May 14 – Claude Dornier, German aircraft designer (d. 1969) * May 20 – Leon Schlesinger, American producer, filmmaker (d.

) * May 22 – Cordelia Camp, American educator (d.

) * May 23 – Corrado Gini, Italian statistician, demographer and sociologist (d.

1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The First Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lynd ...

) * May 27 – Max Brod, Austrian author (d. 1968) * May 28 – Edvard Beneš, Czechoslovak politician, prime minister and president of Czechoslovakia (d.

1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...

) * May 30 – Robert Alfred Theobald, American admiral (d. 1957)

June

Anton Drexler Anton Drexler (13 June 1884 – 24 February 1942) was a German far-right political agitator for the ''Völkisch'' movement in the 1920s. He founded the German Workers' Party (DAP), the pan-German and anti-Semitic antecedent of the Nazi Part ...

, German far-right politician (d.

) ** Gerald Gardner, English founder of the Wiccan religion (d. 1964) * June 17 – Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland (d.

) *

June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Siege of Constantinople (860), Byzantine� ...

– Édouard Daladier, Prime Minister of France (d. 1970) * June 21 ** Claude Auchinleck, British field marshal (d. 1981) ** Gordon Lowe, British tennis player (d.

) * June 23 – Cyclone Taylor, Canadian ice hockey player (d.

1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...

) * June 25 – Empress Teimei, Japanese consort of Emperor Taishō (d. 1951) * June 27 – Gaston Bachelard, French philosopher (d.

) * June 29 – Nicolae Dăscălescu, Romanian general (d. 1969) * June 30 – Franz Halder, German general (d.

)

July

* July 11 – Howard Estabrook, American actor, film director and producer, and screenwriter (d.

1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...

) * July 12 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter, sculptor (d. 1920) * July 15 – Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, Thailand's first prime minister (d.

) * July 17 – Prince George Bagration, Georgian nobleman (d. 1957) * July 18 – Alberto di Jorio, Italian cardinal, secretary of the 1958 conclave (d.

) * July 19 – Maurice Nicoll, British psychiatrist (d.

) * July 20 – Félix Julien, french footballer (d.

1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...

) * July 23 – Emil Jannings, Swiss-born German actor (d.

) * July 25 – Rafael Arévalo Martínez, Guatemalan writer (d.

1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 – Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...

) * July 26 – Joseph Sweeney, American actor (d. 1963) * July 27 – Kathleen Howard, Canadian-born American opera singer, character actress (d.

)

August

* August 2 – Rómulo Gallegos, 48th president of Venezuela (d. 1969) * August 7 – Billie Burke, American actress (d. 1970) * August 8 – Sara Teasdale, American poet (d. 1933) * August 9 – John S. McCain Sr., American admiral (d. 1945) * August 10 ** Robert G. Fowler, American pioneer aviator (d.

) ** Robert Wichard Pohl, German "Father of solid state physics" (d.

1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...

) ** Panait Istrati, Romanian writer (d.

1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...

) * August 15 – Mary Nash, American actress (d.

) * August 20 – Rudolf Bultmann, German Lutheran theologian (d.

) *

– Will Cuppy, American humorist (d.

) * August 27 – Vincent Auriol,

President of France The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency is the supreme magistracy of the country, the po ...

(d.

) * August 28 – Peter Fraser, 24th

prime minister of New Zealand The prime minister of New Zealand () is the head of government of New Zealand. The prime minister, Christopher Luxon, leader of the New Zealand National Party, took office on 27 November 2023. The prime minister (informally abbreviated to P ...

(d.

) * August 30 – Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist,

laureate (d.

1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...

)

September

* September 13 – Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1957) * September 17 ** Charles Tomlinson Griffes, American composer (d. 1920) ** Edith Alice Macia, Arizona pioneer, postmaster, and undercover FBI agent (d. 1974) * September 18 – Margit Slachta, Hungarian politician (d. 1974) * September 24 ** İsmet İnönü, Turkish soldier, statesman, 3-time prime minister of Turkey and 2nd

president of Turkey The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye (), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the national government and is the commander-in-chief of the ...

(d.

) ** Hugo Schmeisser, German weapons designer (d.

) * September 25 – Forrest Smithson, American Olympic athlete (d.

) * September 30 – Bessie Barriscale, American actress (d.

) * Unknown Tikhon Gorasnov- born Russian-Siberian in Mount Athos, St. Panteleimon (d.196 ;)

October

* October 8 – Walther von Reichenau, German field marshal (d.

) * October 9 – Martin Johnson, American adventurer, documentary filmmaker (d. 1937) * October 11 ** Friedrich Bergius, German chemist,

laureate (d.

) **

Eleanor Roosevelt Anna Eleanor Roosevelt ( ; October 11, 1884November 7, 1962) was an American political figure, diplomat, and activist. She was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, first lady of the United States, during her husband Franklin D ...

, American politician, diplomat, activist, and

First Lady of the United States First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is a title typically held by the wife of the president of the United States, concurrent with the president's term in office. Although the first lady's role has never been Code of law, codified or offici ...

(d.

) * October 16 – Rembrandt Bugatti, Italian sculptor (d. 1916) * October 20 – D. S. Senanayake, 1st prime minister of Sri Lanka (d. 1952) * October 24 – Arthur S. Carpender, American admiral (d. 1960) * October 28 – William Douglas Cook, New Zealand founder of Eastwoodhill Arboretum and Pukeiti (d. 1967)

November

* November 4 – Harry Ferguson, Irish engineer, inventor (d. 1960) * November 8 – Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychologist (d. 1922) * November 20 – Norman Thomas, American social reformer (d. 1968) * November 22 – Sulaiman Nadvi, Indian/Pakistani historian, biographer, littérateur and scholar of Islam (d.

) * November 24 – Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, 2nd president of Israel (d. 1963)

December

Food Minister Rajendra Prasad during a radio broadcast in Dec 1947 cropped

* December 3 ** Walther Stampfli, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d.

) **

Rajendra Prasad Rajendra Prasad (3 December 1884 – 28 February 1963) was an Indian politician, lawyer, journalist and scholar who served as the first president of India from 1950 to 1962. He joined the Indian National Congress during the Indian independen ...

, Indian politician, 1st president of India (d. 1963) * December 4 – R. C. Majumdar, Indian historian (d.

1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union, grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning Sys ...

) * December 7 –

Petru Groza Petru Groza (7 December 1884 – 7 January 1958) was a Romanian politician, best known as the first Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister of the Romanian Communist Party, Communist Party-dominated government under Soviet Union, Soviet Sovie ...

, Romanian politician, 46th prime minister of Romania (d. 1958) * December 14 – Nicholas Charnetsky, Soviet Orthodox priest, bishop, martyr and blessed (d. 1959) * December 17 – Alison Uttley, English writer of children's books (d.

) * December 19 – Antonín Zápotocký, 6th president and 15th prime minister of Czechoslovakia (d. 1957) * December 25 ** Samuel Berger, American Olympic boxer (d. 1925) **

Evelyn Nesbit Florence Evelyn Nesbit (December 25, 1884 or 1885 – January 17, 1967) was an American model (person), artists' model, chorus girl, and actress. She is best known for her career in New York City, as well as her husband, railroad scion Har ...

, American model, actress (d. 1967) * December 29 – Ted Theodore, Australian politician, Premier of Queensland (d.

) * December 30 ** Arthur Edmund Carewe, Armenian-American actor (d. 1937) ** Hideki Tojo, Japanese general, 27th

prime minister of Japan The is the head of government of Japan. The prime minister chairs the Cabinet of Japan and has the ability to select and dismiss its ministers of state. The prime minister also serves as the commander-in-chief of the Japan Self-Defense Force ...

(d.

) * December 31 – Stanley Forman Reed,

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States An associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is a Justice (title), justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, other than the chief justice of the United States. The number of associate justices is eight, as set by the J ...

(d.

)

Date unknown

* Ayoub Tabet, 6th prime minister of Lebanon (d. 1947)

Deaths

January–June

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

– Gregor Mendel, Czech geneticist (b. 1822) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...

– Johann Gottfried Piefke, German conductor, composer (b. 1815) *

– Cetshwayo kaMpande, Zulu king (b. 1826) *

– Wilhelm von Tümpling, Prussian general (b. 1809) * February 14 **Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt, first wife of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1861) **Martha Bulloch Roosevelt, mother of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1835) *

– Emmanuel Félix de Wimpffen, French general (b. 1811) * March 1 – Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (b. 1820) * March 8 – Sydney Dacres, British admiral (b. 1804) * March 13 – Leland Stanford Jr., son of Governor Leland Stanford of California, in whose memory Stanford University was founded (b. 1868) * March 19 – Elias Lönnrot, Finnish philologist, collector of traditional Finnish oral poetry (b. 1802) * March 21 ** Ezra Abbot, American Bible scholar (b. 1819) ** Constantin A. Crețulescu, 7th prime minister of Romania (b. 1809) *

– Henry C. Lord, American railroad executive (b. 1824) *

– Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, youngest son of

(b. 1853) * April 1 – Marie Litton, English stage actress (b. 1847) * April 4 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian artist (b. 1858) * April 6 – Emanuel Geibel, German poet, dramatist (b. 1815) *

– Marie Taglioni, Swedish-Italian ballerina (b. 1804) * May 6 – Judah P. Benjamin, American politician, US senator from Louisiana, Cabinet of the Confederate States of America, Cabinet officer of the Confederate States (b. 1811) * May 12 – Bedřich Smetana, Czech composer (b. 1824) * May 13 – Cyrus McCormick, American inventor (b. 1809) * May 29 – Henry Bartle Frere, Sir Henry Bartle Frere, British colonial administrator (b. 1815) * June 19 ** Juan Bautista Alberdi, Argentine politician, writer and main Constitution promoter (b. 1810) ** Johann Gustav Droysen, German historian (b. 1808) * June 21 – Alexander, Prince of Orange, heir apparent to the Dutch throne (b. 1851) * June 25 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer (b. 1858)

July–December

* July 1 – Allan Pinkerton, American detective (b. 1819) * July 10 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837) * July 15 ** Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley, British diplomat (b. 1804) ** Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps, American educator, author (b. 1793) * August 9 – Annestine Beyer, Danish reform pedagogue (b. 1795) * August 18 – Mary C. Ames, American writer (b. 1831) * September 2 – Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld, Prussian field marshal (b. 1796) * September 10 – George Bentham, English botanist (b. 1800) * October 4 – Leona Florentino, Filipina poet (b. 1849) * October 7 – Bernard Petitjean, French Roman Catholic missionary to Japan (b. 1829) * October 16 – Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Hawaiian ali‘i (b. 1831) * October 18 – William VIII, Duke of Brunswick (b. 1806) * November 3 – Menyhért Lónyay, 5th prime minister of Hungary (b. 1822) * November 11 – Alfred Brehm, German zoologist (b. 1829) * November 16 – František Chvostek, Moravian physician (b. 1835) * November 25 – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (b. 1818) * December 1 – William Swainson (lawyer), William Swainson, second, and last, Attorney-General (New Zealand), Attorney-General of the Crown Colony of New Zealand (b. 1809) * December 3 – Jane C. Bonar, Scottish hymnwriter (b. 1821) * December 20 – Domenico Consolini, Italian Catholic Cardinal (b. 1806)

Events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

Births

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

Deaths

January–June

July–December

References

Further reading