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Joseph Boxhall
Commander Joseph Groves Boxhall RD, RNR (23 March 1884 – 25 April 1967) was a British sailor who was the fourth officer on the , and later served as a naval officer in World War I. Boxhall was the last surviving former officer of ''Titanic''. Early life Boxhall was born in Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, the second child of Miriam and Captain Joseph Boxhall. He was born into an established seafaring tradition: His grandfather had been a mariner, his uncle was a Trinity House buoymaster and Board of Trade official, and his father was a respected master with the Wilson Line of Hull. Boxhall followed in the footsteps of his ancestors on 2 June 1899, when he joined his first ship, a barque of the William Thomas Line of Liverpool. Boxhall's apprenticeship lasted four years, during which time he travelled extensively. He then went to work with his father at Wilson Line, and obtained his Master's and Extra-Master's certifications in September 1907, giving him th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commander (Royal Navy)
Commander (Cdr) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. It is immediately junior to captain and immediately senior to the rank of lieutenant commander. Officers holding the junior rank of lieutenant commander are not considered to be commanders. History The title (originally 'master and commander') originated in around 1670 to describe Royal Navy officers who captained ships too large to be commanded by a lieutenant, but too small to warrant the assignment of a post-captain, or before 1770 a master who was in charge of a ship's navigation. These ships were usually sloops-of-war, bomb vessels, fireships, hospital ships and storeships. The commanding officer of this type of ship was responsible for both sailing and fighting the ship and was thus its 'master and commander'. Before 1750, the rank was broadly considered as the limit of advancement for those without patronage, especially those who had been promoted from among a ship's crew. By contr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belfast
Belfast (, , , ; from ) is the capital city and principal port of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan and connected to the open sea through Belfast Lough and the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel. It is the second-largest city in Ireland (after Dublin), with an estimated population of in , and a Belfast metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of 671,559. First chartered as an English settlement in 1613, the town's early growth was driven by an influx of Scottish people, Scottish Presbyterian Church in Ireland, Presbyterians. Their descendants' disaffection with Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland's Protestant Ascendancy, Anglican establishment contributed to the Irish Rebellion of 1798, rebellion of 1798, and to the Acts of Union 1800, union with Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain in 1800—later regarded as a key to the town's industrial transformation. When granted City status in the United Kingdom#Northern Ireland, city s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lieutenant
A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a Junior officer, junior commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations, as well as fire services, emergency medical services, Security agency, security services and police forces. The rank in armies and air forces is often subdivided into subcategories of seniority. In Comparative navy officer ranks of Anglophone countries, English-speaking navies, lieutenants are often equivalent to the army rank of Captain (armed forces), captain; in other navies, the lieutenants are usually equal to their army counterparts. ''Lieutenant'' may also appear as part of a title used in various other organisations with a codified command structure. It often designates someone who is "second-in-command", and as such, may precede the name of the rank directly above it. For example, a "lieutenant master" is likely to be second-in-command to the "master" in an organisation using both ranks. Political uses include lieu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Into The Sinking Of The Titanic
The sinking of the RMS ''Titanic'' on 15 April 1912 resulted in an inquiry by the British Wreck Commissioner on behalf of the British Board of Trade. The inquiry was overseen by High Court judge John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey, and was held in London from 2 May to 3 July 1912. The hearings took place mainly at the London Scottish Drill Hall, at 59 Buckingham Gate, London SW1. There were a total of 42 days of official investigation. Lord Mersey and the various counsels, assessors and experts in marine law and shipping architecture, questioned White Star Line officials, government officials, surviving passengers and crew, and those who had aided the rescue efforts. Organisations represented by legal counsels included shipping unions and government organisations. Nearly 100 witnesses testified, answering more than 25,000 questions. The questioning resulted in a report that contained a detailed description of the ship, an account of the ship's journey, a description of the damag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RMS Adriatic (1906)
RMS ''Adriatic'' was a British ocean liner of the White Star Line. She was the fourth of a quartet of ships of more than , dubbed Big Four (White Star Line), The Big Four. The ''Adriatic'' was the only one of the four which was never the Timeline of largest passenger ships, world's largest passenger ship. However, she was the largest, the fastest, and the most luxurious of the Big Four, being the first ocean liner to have an indoor swimming pool and Victorian Turkish baths, Victorian-style Turkish baths. She began her career on the brand new route from Southampton to New York City, New York before joining, from 1911, her sister ships on the secondary route from Liverpool. They were in fact slow liners intended to provide a service at moderate prices. When World War I broke out, the ''Adriatic'' was among the ships that continued their civilian transatlantic service, while carrying many provisions. In 1917, she was requisitioned and served as a troop transport. After the war, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Senate Inquiry Into The Sinking Of The Titanic
The sinking of the RMS ''Titanic'' on April 14–15, 1912 resulted in an inquiry by a subcommittee of the Commerce Committee of the United States Senate, chaired by Senator William Alden Smith. The hearings began in New York on April 19, 1912, later moving to Washington, D.C., concluding on May 25, 1912 with a return visit to New York. There were a total of 18 days of official investigation. Smith and seven other senators questioned surviving passengers and crew, and those who had aided the rescue efforts. More than 80 witnesses gave testimony or deposited affidavits. Subjects covered included the ice warnings received, the inadequate number of lifeboats, the handling of the ship and its speed, ''Titanic''s distress calls, and the handling of the evacuation of the ship. The subcommittee's report was presented to the United States Senate on May 28, 1912. Its recommendations, along with those of the British inquiry that concluded a few months later, led to changes in safety p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanic Navigation Bridge
On the ''Titanic'', the navigation bridge (or command bridge) was a superstructure where the ship's command was exercised. From this location, the officer on watch determined the ship's geographical position, gave all orders regarding navigation and speed, and received information about everything happening on board. The bridge was composed of various compartments: a navigation shelter where watch was kept, and the wheelhouse where a wheel was located, known as the Ship's wheel, helm in maritime language, which steered the rudder and transmitted orders to the engines, also called a Engine order telegraph, chadburn. On either side to Port and starboard, starboard and Port and starboard, port of the navigation shelter, two exterior wings allowed for maneuvers. There was also a chart room and the captain's watch room. The bridge was also connected to the officers' cabins, which varied in comfort according to rank. It was also close to the wireless telegraphy room. Six officers took t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signal Lamp
Signal lamp training during World War II A signal lamp (sometimes called an Aldis lamp or a Morse lamp) is a visual signaling device for optical communication by flashes of a lamp, typically using Morse code. The idea of flashing dots and dashes from a lantern was first put into practice by Captain Philip Howard Colomb, of the Royal Navy, in 1867. Colomb's design used limelight for illumination, and his original code was not the same as Morse code. During World War I, German signalers used optical Morse transmitters called ', with a range of up to 8 km (5 miles) at night, using red filters for undetected communications. Modern signal lamps produce a focused pulse of light, either by opening and closing shutters mounted in front of the lamp, or by tilting a concave mirror. They continue to be used to the present day on naval vessels and for aviation light signals in air traffic control towers, as a backup device in case of a complete failure of an aircraft's radio. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Californian
SS ''Californian'' was a British Leyland Line steamship. She is thought to have been the only ship in sight of the ''Titanic'', or at least her rockets, during that ship's sinking. The crew took no action to assist. The United States Senate inquiry and British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking both concluded that many or all of the lives lost could have been saved, had ''Californian'' responded promptly to the'' Titanic'' distress rockets. The U.S. Senate inquiry was particularly critical of the vessel's captain, Stanley Lord, calling his inaction during the disaster "reprehensible". Despite this criticism, no formal charges were ever brought against Lord or his crew. Lord disputed the findings and spent the rest of his life trying to clear his name. In 1992, the UK Government's Marine Accident Investigation Branch re-examined the case and while condemning Lord's inaction, held that due to the limited time available, "the effect of ''Californian'' taking proper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanic
RMS ''Titanic'' was a British ocean liner that sank in the early hours of 15 April 1912 as a result of striking an iceberg on her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, United States. Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, approximately 1,500 died (estimates vary), making the incident one of the deadliest peacetime sinkings of a single ship. ''Titanic'', operated by White Star Line, carried some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as hundreds of emigrants from the British Isles, Scandinavia, and elsewhere in Europe who were seeking a new life in the United States and Canada. The disaster drew public attention, spurred major changes in maritime safety regulations, and inspired a lasting legacy in popular culture. It was the second time White Star Line had lost a ship on her maiden voyage, the first being in 1854. ''Titanic'' was the largest ship afloat upon entering service and the second of three s built for White Star Line. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iceberg That Sank The Titanic
On the night of 14–15 April 1912 in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic, the passenger liner ''Titanic'' collided with an iceberg that sank her. After the disaster, there was interest in the iceberg and the fatal damage it caused to the supposedly unsinkable ship. The most important sources about the iceberg are reports from surviving crew of the Titanic, crew and passengers of the Titanic, passengers of ''Titanic''. Photographs were taken of icebergs near the spot where Lifeboats of the Titanic, ''Titanics lifeboats were found, and it is purportedly visible in one of these photos. The iceberg was often seen metaphor, metaphorically as a counterpart to the luxurious ship, standing for the cold and silent force of nature that cost the lives of over 1,500 people. It was also seen in various political and religious contexts, and has appeared in poetry as well as in pop culture. Origin and fate It can only be speculated where and when ''Titanic'' iceberg Ice calving, calved fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinking Of The Titanic
Titanic, RMS ''Titanic'' sank on 15 April 1912 in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. The largest ocean liner in service at the time, ''Titanic'' was four days into her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, USA with an estimated 2,224 people on board Iceberg that sank the Titanic, when she struck an iceberg at 23:40 (ship's time) on 14 April. She sank two hours and forty minutes later at 02:20 ship's time (05:18 Greenwich Mean Time, GMT) on 15 April, resulting in the deaths of more than 1,500 people, making it one of the List of maritime disasters in the 20th century#Peacetime, deadliest peacetime maritime disasters in history. ''Titanic'' received six warnings of sea ice on 14 April, but was travelling at a speed of roughly when her lookouts sighted the iceberg. Unable to turn quickly enough, the ship suffered a glancing blow that buckled the steel plates covering her starboard side and opened six of her sixteen compartment (ship), compartments to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
