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January

*
January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...
– New York City annexes
The Bronx The Bronx ( ) is the northernmost of the five Boroughs of New York City, boroughs of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. It shares a land border with Westchester County, New York, West ...
. *
January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...
Ignacio María González becomes head of state of the Dominican Republic for the first time. *
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
Third Carlist War: Battle of Caspe – Campaigning on the Ebro in Aragon for the Spanish Republican Government, Colonel Eulogio Despujol surprises a Carlist force under Manuel Marco de Bello at Caspe, northeast of Alcañiz. In a brilliant action the Carlists are routed, losing 200 prisoners and 80 horses, while Despujol is promoted to Brigadier and becomes Conde de Caspe. * January 20 – The Pangkor Treaty (also known as the Pangkor Engagement), by which the British extend their control over first the Sultanate of Perak, and later the other independent Malay States, is signed. *
January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 ...
Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, marries Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Tsar Alexander III of Russia, in the Grand Church of the Winter Palace in
Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...
.


February

*
February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...
– The '' Oakland Daily Tribune'' publishes its first issue in California. * February 23Walter Clopton Wingfield patents in Britain a game called "sphairistike", more commonly called lawn tennis. *
February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...
25Third Carlist War: First Battle of Somorrostro – Determined to raise the siege of Bilbao by the Pretender Don Carlos VII, Republican commander Marshal Francisco Serrano sends General Domingo Moriones with a relief force of 14,000 men. Carlists, under General Nicolás Ollo, entrenched at Somorrostro outside Bilbao, drive back a courageous assault by General Fernando Primo de Rivera and then the entire Republican army. The republicans lose 1,200 men, and Moriones loses his nerve, demanding reinforcements and a replacement for himself. Moriones's men entrench and wait.


March

* March 14Third Carlist War: Battle of Castellfollit de la Roca – Appointed to command the Spanish Republican army in the north, General Ramón Nouvilas attempts to relieve the Carlist siege of Olot in Girona. But at Castellfollit de la Roca, in one of the Government's worst defeats, Nouvilas is routed by Carlist General Francesc Savalls, and captured along with about 2,000 of his men. Olot capitulates two days later. * March 15
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
and Viet Nam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina. * March 18 **Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States, granting exclusive trading rights. **The Dresden English Football Club is founded, the first association football club on the European mainland. * March 25 – The Republic of
Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...
is consecrated to the
Sacred Heart of Jesus The Most Sacred Heart of Jesus () is one of the most widely practised and well-known Catholic devotions, wherein the heart of Jesus Christ is viewed as a symbol of "God's boundless and passionate love for mankind". This devotion to Christ is p ...
, carried out by President Gabriel García Moreno and supported, blessed and specified by Pope Pius IX. * March 2527Third Carlist War: Second Battle of Somorrostro – In a renewed attempt to raise the siege of Bilbao by Don Carlos VII, Republican commander Marshal Francisco Serrano himself arrives with 27,000 men and 70 cannons. However, in three days of fierce fighting, the Carlist General Joaquín Elío, with just 17,000 men, once again drives off the attack at nearby Somorrostro, and it is another six weeks before Serrano manages to relieve Bilbao. *
March March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 2 ...
– The Young Men's Hebrew Association in
Manhattan Manhattan ( ) is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the Boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City. Coextensive with New York County, Manhattan is the County statistics of the United States#Smallest, larg ...
(which will still be operating 150 years later as the 92nd Street Y) is founded.


April

* April 15May 15 – A group of young painters, ''Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes, Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs'', gives their first exhibition, at the studio of the photographer
Nadar Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (; 5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910), known by the pseudonym Nadar () or Félix Nadar'','' was a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist, balloon (aircraft), balloonist, and proponent of History of avi ...
in Paris. Louis Leroy's critical review of it published on 25 April gives rise to the term
Impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...
for the movement, with reference to Claude Monet's '' Impression, Sunrise''.


May

* May 2Third Carlist War: The siege of Bilbao is lifted. * May 9 – The first commercial horse-drawn carriage debuts in the city of
Bombay Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial centre, financial capital and the list of cities i ...
, plying two routes. * May 14 – First admission charge at a football game: Harvard beats University of McGill (Montreal) 3–0. * May 16 – The Mill River dam collapses in Massachusetts, killing 139 people. * May 22 – Verdi's Requiem is first performed at San Marco in Milan on 22 May 1874, the first anniversary of Manzoni's death. * May 23 – Passenger ship ''British Admiral'', on a voyage from
Liverpool Liverpool is a port City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. It is situated on the eastern side of the River Mersey, Mersey Estuary, near the Irish Sea, north-west of London. With a population ...
(England) to
Melbourne Melbourne ( , ; Boonwurrung language, Boonwurrung/ or ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and List of cities in Australia by population, most populous city of the States and territories of Australia, Australian state of Victori ...
(Australia), sinks after hitting rocks off King Island (Tasmania); only nine of the 88 passengers and crew are rescued. * May 27 – The first group of Dorsland Trekkers, a series of expeditions by '' Trekboere'' in search of political independence and better farming conditions, departs South Africa to settle in
Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...
, led by Gert Alberts.


June

* June 14Michel Domingue becomes head of state of Haiti. * June 22Andrew Taylor Still starts the movement for osteopathic medicine in the United States at Kirksville, Missouri. * June 2527Third Carlist War: Battle of Monte Muro – Carlist forces entrenched around Abárzuza, on the approach to Estella in Navarre, repel an attack by Isabelino/Liberal (supporters of Queen Isabella II) troops led by General Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha, Marqués del Duero, who is killed on the third day of fighting.


July–September

* July 1 ** The Universal Postal Union is established. ** The Philadelphia Zoo opens, the first public zoo in the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
. ** The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, with cylindrical platen and QWERTY keyboard, is first marketed in the United States. ** The Bank of Spain emits the first peseta banknotes. * July 14 – The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council. * July 24 ** Mathew Evans and Henry Woodward patent the first incandescent lamp, with an electric light bulb. ** Third Carlist War: Sack of Cuenca – After Carlist forces successfully defend Estella, Don Alfonso de Bourbon, brother of the Don Carlos VII, leads 14,000 Catalan Carlists south to attack Cuenca (136 km from Madrid), held by Republicans under Don Hilario Lozano. After two days the outnumbered garrison capitulates, but Don Alfonso permits a terrible slaughter. The city is sacked. Subsequently, another republican force defeats the disorderly Catalans, who flee back to the Ebro. * July 31Patrick Francis Healy, S.J., the first Black man to receive a PhD, is inaugurated as president of
Georgetown University Georgetown University is a private university, private Jesuit research university in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded by Bishop John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore), John Carroll in 1789, it is the oldest Catholic higher education, Ca ...
, the oldest Catholic University in America, and becomes the first Black person to head a predominantly White university.


August

* August 11Third Carlist War: Battle of Oteiza – Two months after Government forces were repulsed from Carlist-held Estella, in Navarre, Republican General Domingo Moriones makes a fresh diversionary attack a few miles to the southeast at Oteiza. In heavy fighting Moriones secures a costly tactical victory over Carlist General Torcuato Mendíri, but the war continues another 18 months, before Estella finally falls.


September

* September 9 – Captain Lyman's wagon train besieged by Indians in Hemphill County, Texas. * September 14Battle of Liberty Place: In
New Orleans New Orleans (commonly known as NOLA or The Big Easy among other nicknames) is a Consolidated city-county, consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the U.S. state of Louisiana. With a population of 383,997 at the 2020 ...
, former Confederate Army members of the White League temporarily drive Republican Governor William P. Kellogg from office, replacing him with former Democratic Governor John McEnery. U.S. Army troops restore Kellogg to office five days later. * September 28Texas–Indian wars: U.S. Army Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie leads his force of 600 men on the successful raid of the last sanctuary of the Kiowa, Comanche and Cheyenne Indian tribes, a village inside the Palo Duro Canyon in Texas, and carries out their removal to the designated Indian reservations in
Oklahoma Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ...
.


October

* October 9 ** The Treaty of Bern establishes the General Postal Union, to coordinate the exchange of international mail. ** The San Diego Society of Natural History, originator of the San Diego Natural History Museum, is founded in California. * October 19 – The modern University of Zagreb is founded. * October 31 – The Quebra-Quilos Revolt starts in Paraíba, Empire of Brazil.


November

* November 2 – The first issue of Japanese-language newspaper ''
Yomiuri Shimbun The is a Japanese newspaper published in Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, and other major Japanese cities. It is one of the five major newspapers in Japan; the other four are ''The Asahi Shimbun'', the ''Chunichi Shimbun'', the ''Ma ...
'' is published in
Tokyo Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ...
,
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
. * November 4Democrats gain control of the
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...
for the first time since 1860. * November 6 – The University of Adelaide is founded in Australia. * November 7 – ''
Harper's Weekly ''Harper's Weekly, A Journal of Civilization'' was an American political magazine based in New York City. Published by Harper (publisher), Harper & Brothers from 1857 until 1916, it featured foreign and domestic news, fiction, essays on many su ...
'' publishes a cartoon by
Thomas Nast Thomas Nast (; ; September 26, 1840December 7, 1902) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon". He was a sharp critic of William M. Tweed, "Boss" Tweed and the T ...
which is the first use of an
elephant Elephants are the largest living land animals. Three living species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant ('' Loxodonta africana''), the African forest elephant (''L. cyclotis''), and the Asian elephant ('' Elephas maximus ...
as a symbol for the Republican Party in the United States. * November 9 – The New York Zoo hoax, a supposed breakout of animals from the Central Park Zoo, is perpetrated on the public. * November 10John Ernst Worrell Keely demonstrates his "induction resonance motion motor", a perpetual motion machine, which eventually turns out to be a fraud. * November 11 – The Gamma Phi Beta sorority is founded at
Syracuse University Syracuse University (informally 'Cuse or SU) is a Private university, private research university in Syracuse, New York, United States. It was established in 1870 with roots in the Methodist Episcopal Church but has been nonsectarian since 1920 ...
. This is the first women's Greek letter organization to be called a sorority. * November 16 – Premiere of Alfred Cellier's
comic opera Comic opera, sometimes known as light opera, is a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending and often including spoken dialogue. Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy. By the 1730s, a ne ...
'' The Sultan of Mocha'' at the Prince's Theatre, Manchester. * November 18 – Sailing ship '' Cospatrick'' carrying emigrants from England bound for New Zealand, catches fire and sinks in the South Atlantic with the loss of all but three of the 472 persons on board. *
November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, Ki ...
– The United States Greenback Party is established as a
political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ...
, made primarily of farmers financially hurt by the Panic of 1873.


December

* December 1
Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...
is granted a constitution and limited home rule from Denmark. * December 9 – '' Passage de Vénus'' is released as the oldest "film" in history. * December 29 – General Martínez and Brigadier General Luís Daban stage a ''pronunciamento'' at Sagunto, and proclaim Isabel's son Alfonso as King of Spain. Subsequently, the Madrid garrison follows suit, and the First Spanish Republic comes to an end.


Date unknown

* The Agra Canal opens in India. * The -tall spire of St. Nicholas' Church, Hamburg, designed by English architect George Gilbert Scott, is completed, making it (briefly, and by 5m) the world's tallest building (a title held since 1647 by Strasbourg Cathedral). * The House of Keys, lower house of the Tynwald, the legislature of the
Isle of Man The Isle of Man ( , also ), or Mann ( ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. As head of state, Charles III holds the title Lord of Mann and is represented by a Lieutenant Govern ...
, moves from Castletown to Douglas. * Charles Taze Russell and the Bible Student movement claim this year marks the invisible return of Jesus Christ to earth. * Gold is discovered in the Black Hills. * DDT is first synthesized. * English chemist C. R. Alder Wright synthesizes heroin for the first time. * The following
Association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 Football player, players who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a Ball (association football), ball around a rectangular f ...
clubs are founded in Great Britain: ** Aston Villa. ** Bolton Wanderers (as Christ Church F.C.) ** Greenock Morton. ** Heart of Midlothian (in Edinburgh). * The Supreme Council 33° Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry of Canada is founded. * The medieval Frankish Tower on the Acropolis of Athens is demolished. * Schindler Group, known for escalators and elevators, is founded in
Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...
.


Births


January

*
January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...
** Alexandros Hatzikyriakos, Greek admiral, politician (d. 1958) ** Gustave Whitehead, German-born aviation pioneer (d. 1927) *
January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading (871), Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred the Great, Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasi ...
Josef Suk, Czech composer, violinist (d. 1935) *
January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...
Joseph Erlanger, American physiologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d. 1965) * January 12Marta Anna Wiecka, Polish
Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
religious professed and blessed (d. 1904) *
January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...
Robert W. Service, American poet (d. 1958) * January 20Steve Bloomer, English footballer, cricketer and baseball player (d.
1938 Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
) *
January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...
Frederick M. Smith, American religious leader, author (d.
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
) *
January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
W. Somerset Maugham, English author (d. 1965) * January 28 ** Vsevolod Meyerhold, Russian theatre practitioner (d. 1940) ** Gheorghe Mironescu, two-time prime minister of Romania (d.
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...
) *
January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...
John D. Rockefeller Jr., American entrepreneur (d. 1960)


February

* February 1Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian writer (d. 1929) * February 3Gertrude Stein, American writer, patron of the arts (d.
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
) * February 6Henry C. Mustin, American naval aviation pioneer (d. 1923) *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...
Amy Lowell, American poet (d. 1925) *
February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...
** Elsa Beskow, Swedish writer (d. 1953) ** Fritz Hart, English-born composer (d.
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...
) * February 15 – Sir
Ernest Shackleton Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton (15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarcti ...
, Irish explorer (d. 1922) * February 17Thomas J. Watson, American computer pioneer (d. 1956) *
February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...
Carl Stockdale, American actor (d. 1953) *
February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...
Mary Garden, American opera soprano of Scots descent (some sources state her birth year as 1877) (d. 1967) * February 23Konstantin Päts, 1st President of Estonia (d. 1956) *
February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...
Honus Wagner, American baseball player (d. 1955) * February 26Nikolai Korotkov, Russian surgeon (d. 1920) *
February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...
Pawang Nong, Pahang Hero (d. 1977)


March

* March 5Henry Travers, English actor (d. 1965) * March 16Frédéric François-Marsal, Prime Minister of France (d. 1958) * March 24 ** Luigi Einaudi, 2nd president of Italy (d. 1961) ** Harry Houdini, Hungarian-born magician (d. 1926) * March 26Robert Frost, American poet (d. 1963) * March 29 ** Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States (d. 1944) ** Rudolf Maister, Slovene military officer, leader of "Maister's Fighters" (d. 1934) * March 30 ** Charles Herbert Lightoller, 2nd Officer of the
RMS Titanic RMS ''Titanic'' was a British ocean liner that Sinking of the Titanic, sank in the early hours of 15 April 1912 as a result of striking Iceberg that struck the Titanic, an iceberg on her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York Ci ...
(d. 1952) ** Nicolae Rădescu, 45th prime minister of Romania (d. 1953)


April

* April 1Emmi Mäkelin, Finnish midwife and politician (d. 1962) * April 8Stanisław Taczak, Polish general, commander-in-chief of the Greater Poland Uprising (d. 1960) *
April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...
Matti Lonkainen, Finnish politician (d. 1918) * April 15Johannes Stark, German physicist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d. 1957) * April 19Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist (d. 1952) * April 25
Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquess of Marconi ( ; ; 25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937) was an Italian electrical engineer, inventor, and politician known for his creation of a practical radio wave-based Wireless telegraphy, wireless tel ...
, Italian inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1937) * April 28Sidney Toler, American actor, playwright and theatre director (d. 1947)


May

* May 3François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (d. 1934) * May 9Howard Carter, British archaeologist (d. 1939) * May 14Polaire, French actress, singer (d. 1939) * May 17Mikhail Diterikhs, Russian general (d. 1937) * May 19Gilbert Jessop, English cricketer (d. 1955) * May 22D. F. Malan, 4th prime minister of South Africa (d. 1959) * May 26Henri Farman, French pilot and aircraft designer (d. 1958) * May 27Dustin Farnum, American actor (d. 1929) * May 29G. K. Chesterton, English author (d. 1936)


June

* June 11Lyman Gilmore, American aviation pioneer (d. 1951) * June 16Arthur Meighen, 9th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1960) * June 17Grant Mitchell, American actor (d. 1957) * June 18 – King George Tupou II of Tonga (d. 1918)


July

* July 3R. B. Bennett, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1947) * July 5Eugen Fischer, German professor of medicine, anthropology, and eugenics (d. 1967) * July 6Isaías de Noronha, 13th President of Brazil (d. 1963) * July 14Abbas II, last khedive of Egypt (d. 1944) * July 25Alfred Walton Hinds, 17th Naval Governor of Guam (d. 1957) * July 26Serge Koussevitzky, Russian conductor (d. 1951) * July 27Frank Shannon, Irish-born American actor (d. 1959) * July 29J. S. Woodsworth, Canadian politician (d. 1942)


August

* August 1Constantin Levaditi, Romanian physician and microbiologist (d. 1953) * August 6Charles Fort, Dutch-American writer, researcher into anomalous phenomena (d. 1932) * August 8Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield, British-American businessman (d. 1948) * August 10 **
Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933. A wealthy mining engineer before his presidency, Hoover led the wartime Commission for Relief in Belgium and ...
, 31st
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...
(d. 1964) ** Jirō Minami, Japanese general, Governor-General of Korea (1936–1942) (d. 1955) ** Tod Sloan, American jockey (d. 1933) * August 14Bertha M. Wilson, American dramatist, critic, and actress (d. 1936) * August 27Carl Bosch, German chemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d. 1940)


September

* September 12Redcliffe N. Salaman, British botanist (d. 1955) * September 13 ** Henry F. Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962) ** Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (d. 1951) * September 20Barbara Schack, Sudeten German politician (d. 1958) * September 21Gustav Holst, English composer (d. 1934) * September 23Ernst Streeruwitz, 6th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1952)


October

* October 3Charles Middleton, American actor (d.
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...
) * October 8 ** István Bethlen, 28th prime minister of Hungary (d.
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
) ** Nance O'Neil, American stage and film actress (d. 1965) * October 9Nicholas Roerich, Russian painter (d. 1947) * October 13József Klekl, Slovene politician in Hungary (d. 1948) * October 15Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1899) * October 17Lumsden Hare, Irish-born actor, theatre director and producer (d. 1964) * October 20Charles Ives, American composer (d. 1954) * October 26Martin Lowry, English chemist (d. 1936)


November

* November 1Salima Machamba, Sultan of Mohéli (d. 1964) * November 13Henry Kolker, American stage, screen actor (d. 1947) * November 14Johann Schober, 3rd Chancellor of Austria (d. 1932) * November 15August Krogh, Danish zoophysiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...
) * November 22Elizabeth Patterson, actress (d. 1966) * November 27
Chaim Weizmann Chaim Azriel Weizmann ( ; 27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Russian-born Israeli statesman, biochemist, and Zionist leader who served as president of the World Zionist Organization, Zionist Organization and later as the first pre ...
, 1st president of Israel (d. 1952) * November 29António Egas Moniz, Portuguese physician and neurologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1955) * November 30 ** Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1965) ** Friedrich Hasenöhrl, Austrian physicist (d. 1915) ** Lucy Maud Montgomery, Canadian author (d. 1942)


December

* December 2Eleanor Addison Phillips, English educator and founder of the world's first Soroptimist Movement, the Venture Club (d. 1952) * December 11 ** James L. Kraft, Canadian-American entrepreneur, inventor (d. 1953) ** Paul Wegener, German actor, film director, and screenwriter; one of the pioneers of German Expressionism (d. 1948) * December 13Josef Lhévinne, Russian pianist (d. 1944) * December 17William Lyon Mackenzie King, 10th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1950) * December 22Franz Schmidt, Austrian composer (d. 1939) * December 26Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah, Indian educationist, philosopher, philanthropist, social reformer, Sufi thinker, scientist and spiritual person (d. 1965) * December 29Thomas W. Benoist, American aviator, aircraft designer and manufacturer, founder of the world's first scheduled airline (d. 1917)


Deaths


January–June

*
January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...
Abbé Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer, historian (b. 1814) *
January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...
Johann Philipp Reis, German scientist, inventor (b. 1834) *
January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...
Chang and Eng Bunker, Siamese twins, sideshow performers (b. 1811) *
January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...
August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, German poet (b. 1798) * January 28Ludwig von Gablenz, Austrian general (suicide) (b. 1814) * February 3William Charles Lunalilo, last monarch of the House of Kamehameha (b. 1835) *
February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...
David Friedrich Strauss, German theologian (b. 1808) *
February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...
John Bachman, American Lutheran minister, social activist and naturalist (b. 1790) * February 27Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Cuban revolutionary hero (b. 1819) * March 8Millard Fillmore, 74, 13th
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...
(b. 1800) * March 10Moritz von Jacobi, German engineer, physicist (b. 1801) * March 11
Charles Sumner Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811March 11, 1874) was an American lawyer and statesman who represented Massachusetts in the United States Senate from 1851 until his death in 1874. Before and during the American Civil War, he was a leading American ...
, American senator, civil rights activist (b. 1811) * March 20Hans Christian Lumbye, Danish composer (b. 1810) * March 30Carl Julian (von) Graba, German lawyer and ornithologist who visited the Faroe Islands (b. 1799) * April 13Etō Shimpei, Japanese statesman (executed) (b. 1834) * April 20Alexander H. Bailey, American politician (b. 1807) * June 17Sir Stephen Glynne, British antiquary and politician (b. 1817) *
June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, startin ...
John Ruggles, American politician (b. 1789) * June 21Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (b. 1814)


July–December

* July 8Agnes Strickland, English popular historian (b. 1796) * July 12Fritz Reuter, German novelist (b. 1810) * July 24Gijsbert Haan, Dutch-American religious leader (b. 1801) * August 14Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, African-American minister, politician (b. 1821) * August 26Julie-Victoire Daubié, French journalist (b. 1824) * August 27Ștefan Golescu, 8th prime minister of Romania (b. 1809) * September 12François Guizot, Prime Minister of France (b. 1787) * October 5Charles-Mathias Simons, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1802) * October 6Samuel M. Kier, American oil magnate (b. 1813) * October 23Abraham Geiger, German rabbi, a founder of European
Reform Judaism Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a major Jewish religious movements, Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the superiority of its Jewish ethics, ethical aspects to its ceremo ...
(b. 1810) * October 28William Henry Rinehart, American sculptor (b. 1825) * November 17Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea, Spanish noble and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1817) * November 18 – Sir Henry Prescott, British admiral and colonial administrator (b. 1783) * November 29Ioan Manu, Russian politician (b. 1803) * December 6John Boyle, British politician (b. 1803) * December 7
Constantin von Tischendorf Constantin is an Aromanian language, Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian language, Megleno-Romanian and Romanian language, Romanian male given name. It can also be a surname. For a list of notable people called Constantin, see Constantine (name). See ...
, German Biblical scholar (b. 1815) * December 22Johann Peter Pixis, German pianist, composer (b. 1788) * December 24Anna McClarmonde Chase, American spy (b. 1809)


References

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