1843
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Events


January–March

*
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
– The '' Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms'' (海國圖志, ''Hǎiguó Túzhì'') compiled by Wei Yuan and others, the first significant Chinese work on the West, is published in China. *
January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...
Antarctic explorer
James Clark Ross Sir James Clark Ross (15 April 1800 – 3 April 1862) was a British Royal Navy officer and explorer of both the northern and southern polar regions. In the Arctic, he participated in two expeditions led by his uncle, Sir John Ross, John ...
discovers Snow Hill Island. *
January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli ...
Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná is appointed by the Emperor, Dom Pedro, as the leader of the Brazilian Council of Ministers, although the office of Prime Minister of Brazil will not be officially created until 1847. *
January January is the first month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the No ...
** Serial publication of
Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer and Social criticism, social critic. He created some of literature's best-known fictional characters, and is regarded by ...
's novel '' Martin Chuzzlewit'' begins in
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
; in the July chapters, he lands his hero in the United States. ** Edgar Allan Poe's short story " The Tell-Tale Heart" is published in ''The Pioneer'', a
Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...
magazine. ** The Quaker magazine '' The Friend'' is first published in London. *
February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...
Uruguayan Civil War:
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
supports Oribe of
Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the A ...
, and begins a siege of Montevideo. *
February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...
– The Virginia Minstrels perform the first
minstrel show The minstrel show, also called minstrelsy, was an American form of theater developed in the early 19th century. The shows were performed by mostly white actors wearing blackface makeup for the purpose of portraying racial stereotypes of Afr ...
, at the Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City. *
February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...
– The 1843 Guadeloupe Earthquake hits the Caribbean island of
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe is an Overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre Island, Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Guadeloupe, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galant ...
, killing 1,500–5,000 people. *
February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...
Giuseppe Verdi Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi ( ; ; 9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian composer best known for List of compositions by Giuseppe Verdi, his operas. He was born near Busseto, a small town in the province of Parma ...
's opera '' I Lombardi alla prima crociata'' premieres at La Scala in
Milan Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...
. *
February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...
– The event that will inspire The Beatles' 1967 song " Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" is held in England. * February 25Paulet Affair: Lord George Paulet occupies the Kingdom of Hawaii in the name of Great Britain. *
February February is the second month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years and 29 in leap years, with the February 29, 29th day being called the ''leap day''. February is the third a ...
– Shaikh Ali bin Khalifa Al-Khalifa captures the fort and town of Riffa after the rival branch of the family fails to gain control of the Riffa Fort and flees to Manama. Shaikh Mohamed bin Ahmed is killed at the battle, called the Battle of Hunayniya. * March 8 – The Danish government re-establishes the Althing in
Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...
as an advisory body, by royal decree. * March 1114 – '' Eta Carinae'' flares, to become the second-brightest star. * March 13Catawba County, North Carolina is created, and its first court is held in Mathias Barringer Jr.'s house. * March 15
Victoria, British Columbia Victoria is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of British Columbia, on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific Ocean, Pacific coast. The city has a population of 91,867, and the Gre ...
, is founded by the Hudson's Bay Company as a trading post and fort. * March 16 – The city of Petrópolis is founded by the government of
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
. * March 21 – The world does not end, contrary to the first prediction by American preacher William Miller. * March 24Battle of Hyderabad: The Bombay Army, led by Major General Sir Charles Napier, defeats the Talpur Mirs, securing
Sindh Sindh ( ; ; , ; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind (caliphal province), Sind or Scinde) is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Geography of Pakistan, southeastern region of the country, Sindh is t ...
as a province of British India. * March 25Marc Isambard Brunel's Thames Tunnel, the first tunnel under the
River Thames The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the The Isis, River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the Longest rivers of the United Kingdom, s ...
and the world's first bored underwater tunnel, is opened in London for pedestrians.


April–June

* April 7 – The Indian Slavery Act, 1843 removes legal support for slavery within the territories of the East India Company * April 16 or 17 – A group of 24 West Indian Moravians from
Jamaica Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...
and Antigua, recruited by the Danish minister and Basel missionary, Andreas Riis, arrive in Christiansborg ( Osu), Gold Coast, now
Ghana Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It is situated along the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and shares borders with Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and Togo to t ...
, to set up schools and Presbyterian churches in the country. * May 4Natal is proclaimed a British colony. * May 18 – In Edinburgh, the Free Church of Scotland is disrupted from the
Church of Scotland The Church of Scotland (CoS; ; ) is a Presbyterian denomination of Christianity that holds the status of the national church in Scotland. It is one of the country's largest, having 245,000 members in 2024 and 259,200 members in 2023. While mem ...
. * May 22 – The first major wagon train headed for the American Northwest sets out with 1,000 pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri, on the Oregon Trail. * May 23
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
takes possession of the Strait of Magellan. *
June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointe ...
– In
Barbados Barbados, officially the Republic of Barbados, is an island country in the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies and the easternmost island of the Caribbean region. It lies on the boundary of the South American ...
, Samuel Jackman Prescod is the first non-white person elected to the House of Assembly. * June 17 – In
New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...
, a posse of British settlers sent to arrest Māori chief Te Rauparaha clash with members of his Ngāti Toa tribe, resulting in 26 deaths. * June 21Edgar Allan Poe's short story " The Gold-Bug" begins serialization in American newspapers.


July–September

*
July July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before the ...
Margaret Fuller's "The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women" appears in ''The Dial'' magazine in the United States. * July 12Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy: Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement in the United States, is purported to receive a revelation recommending polygamy. * July 19Isambard Kingdom Brunel's is launched from
Bristol Bristol () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, the most populous city in the region. Built around the River Avon, Bristol, River Avon, it is bordered by t ...
; it will be the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. * July 25 – Père Antoine Désiré Mégret, a Capuchin missionary, purchases the land that will become Abbeville, Louisiana for $900, a town founded by descendants of
Acadians The Acadians (; , ) are an ethnic group descended from the French colonial empire, French who settled in the New France colony of Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, most descendants of Acadians live in either the Northern Americ ...
from
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada, located on its east coast. It is one of the three Maritime Canada, Maritime provinces and Population of Canada by province and territory, most populous province in Atlan ...
. * August 1
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
becomes the second country, after Great Britain, to issue nationally valid
postage stamp A postage stamp is a small piece of paper issued by a post office, postal administration, or other authorized vendors to customers who pay postage (the cost involved in moving, insuring, or registering mail). Then the stamp is affixed to the f ...
s, with the release of its '' Bull's Eye'' series. * August 19 – Edgar Allan Poe's short story " The Black Cat" is first published in ''The Saturday Evening Post''. * August 15Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest amusement parks in the world still intact, opens in
Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...
, Denmark. *
September September is the ninth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 30 days. September in the Northern Hemisphere and March in the Southern Hemisphere are seasonally equivalent. In the Northern hemisphere, the b ...
Ada Lovelace translates and expands Menabrea's notes on Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, including an
algorithm In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of Rigour#Mathematics, mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific Computational problem, problems or to perform a computation. Algo ...
for calculating a sequence of Bernoulli numbers, regarded as the world's first
computer program A computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to Execution (computing), execute. It is one component of software, which also includes software documentation, documentation and other intangibl ...
. * September 2 – ''
The Economist ''The Economist'' is a British newspaper published weekly in printed magazine format and daily on Electronic publishing, digital platforms. It publishes stories on topics that include economics, business, geopolitics, technology and culture. M ...
'' newspaper is first published in London (preliminary issue dated ''August''). * September 4 – Emperor Dom
Pedro II of Brazil ''Don (honorific), Dom'' PedroII (Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga; 2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed the Magnanimous (), was the List o ...
marries Dona Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, in a state ceremony in Rio de Janeiro Cathedral. * September 15 (Sept. 3, O.S.) – A Popular uprising in
Athens Athens ( ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Greece, largest city of Greece. A significant coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, Athens is also the capital of the Attica (region), Attica region and is the southe ...
, Greece, including citizens and military captains, demands from King Otto a liberal Constitution from the state, which has been governed since independence ( 1830) by various domestic and foreign business interests. * September 21 – The crew of schooner ''Ancud'', including John Williams Wilson, takes possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the Chilean government.


October–December

* October 3Elling Eielsen is ordained as the first Norwegian Lutheran minister in the United States. * October 16 **
Søren Kierkegaard Søren Aabye Kierkegaard ( , ; ; 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danes, Danish theologian, philosopher, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. He wrote critical tex ...
's philosophical book '' Fear and Trembling'' is first published, in Denmark. ** Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton discovers the calculus of
quaternion In mathematics, the quaternion number system extends the complex numbers. Quaternions were first described by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton in 1843 and applied to mechanics in three-dimensional space. The algebra of quater ...
s and deduces that they are non-commutative. * October 30Fuerte Bulnes, the first Chilean settlement in the strait of Magellan, is founded. * November 17 – The city of
Shanghai Shanghai, Shanghainese: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the ...
opens for trade with foreigners for the first time, welcoming a party of traders from the United Kingdom. *
November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, Ki ...
Mount Etna erupts in
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
, and kills 69 people in the village of Bronte. * November 28 – Hawaii is recognized as an independent nation by the United Kingdom and France. The holiday is celebrated annually as La Ku'oko'a (Independence Day). * December 9
Bishop's University Bishop's University () is a small English-language Liberal arts college, liberal arts university in Lennoxville, a borough of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. The founder of the institution was the Anglican Diocese of Quebec, Anglican Bishop of Quebec ...
is founded as Bishop's College by Bishop George Jehoshaphat Mountain in Lennoxville, Quebec, for the education of members of the
Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the State religion#State churches, established List of Christian denominations, Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies. It is the mother church of the Anglicanism, Anglican Christian tradition, ...
. * December 13Basutoland becomes a British protectorate. * December 19
Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer and Social criticism, social critic. He created some of literature's best-known fictional characters, and is regarded by ...
's novella '' A Christmas Carol'' is first published in London, England. Released on December 19, it sells out by Christmas Eve. * December 21 – The first total solar eclipse of Saros 139 occurs over southern Asia. * December – The world's first Christmas cards, commissioned by Sir Henry Cole in London from the artist John Callcott Horsley, are sent.


Date unknown

* In Asia, the House of Jamalullail is established in the state of Perlis Darul Sunnah (formally as Perlis Indera Kayangan) after separation from the state of
Kedah Kedah (), also known by its honorific Darul Aman (Islam), Aman (دار الأمان; Arabic for 'The Safe Abode') and historically as Queda, is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of ...
. * James Joule experimentally finds the mechanical equivalent of heat. * The steam powered rotary printing press is invented, by Richard March Hoe in the United States. * Saint Louis University School of Law becomes the first law school west of the Mississippi River. * Kurdish leader Bedir Khan Beg launched an expedition against the Assyrians in the Hakkari region.Thousands of Assyrians were massacred during the campaign.


Births


January

*
January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...
Nikolai Lodyzhensky, Russian composer (d. 1916) *
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
Elzéar Abeille de Perrin, French entomologist (d. 1910) *
January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...
Victor Brooke,
Anglo-Irish Anglo-Irish people () denotes an ethnic, social and religious grouping who are mostly the descendants and successors of the English Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. They mostly belong to the Anglican Church of Ireland, which was the State rel ...
naturalist and baronet (d. 1891) *
January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...
** Frederick Abberline, Chief Inspector of the
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
Metropolitan Police, investigator in the Jack the Ripper murders (d. 1929) ** John H. Moffitt, American politician (d. 1926) ** Karl Eduard Heusner, Vice-Admiral of the German Imperial Navy (d. 1891) *
January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. * 1038 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimate ...
Darius D. Hare, U.S. representative from
Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...
(d. 1897) *
January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...
**
Frank James Alexander Franklin James (January 10, 1843 – February 18, 1915) was a Confederate States Army, Confederate American Civil War, soldier and Guerrilla warfare in the American Civil War, guerrilla; in the Reconstruction era, post-Civil War p ...
, American outlaw (d. 1915) ** Carroll S. Page, American lawyer, businessman and politician (d. 1925) *
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...
Adolf Eberle, German painter (d. 1914) *
January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...
David Ferrier, Scottish neurologist (d. 1928) *
January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...
Anton Thraen, German astronomer (d. 1902) *
January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...
Fernand Pelez, French painter (d. 1913) *
January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli ...
Paul Cambon, French diplomat (d. 1924) *
January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...
Émile Levassor, French engineer (d. 1897) *
January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...
Friedrich Blass, German scholar (d. 1907) *
January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
Hermann Schwarz, German mathematician (d. 1921) *
January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...
Erdmann Encke, German sculptor (d. 1896) *
January 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...
Mihkel Veske, Estonian poet (d. 1891) *
January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...
**
William McKinley William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until Assassination of William McKinley, his assassination in 1901. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Repub ...
, 25th
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...
(d. 1901) ** Henry Carrington Bolton, American chemist and bibliographer (d. 1903)


February

*
February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...
John Isaac Thornycroft, English shipbuilder (d. 1928) *
February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...
William Cornelius Van Horne, American entrepreneur (d. 1915) *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...
** William Taylor Thornton, governor of New Mexico (d. 1916) ** Nathan Goff Jr., U.S. representative from
West Virginia West Virginia is a mountainous U.S. state, state in the Southern United States, Southern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.The United States Census Bureau, Census Bureau and the Association of American ...
(d. 1920) * February 10Philippe Alexandre Jules Künckel d'Herculais, French entomologist and zoologist (d.
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
) *
February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...
Georg von Rosen, Swedish painter (d. 1923) *
February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...
Louis Diémer, French pianist (d. 1919) *
February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battl ...
Henry M. Leland, American machinist, inventor, engineer and automotive entrepreneur (d. 1932) * February 17Aaron Montgomery Ward, American department store founder (d. 1913) *
February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...
Adelina Patti, Spanish opera singer (d. 1919) *
February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...
Theodor Höijer, Finnish architect (d. 1910) * February 22Rudolf Montecuccoli, Austro-Hungarian admiral (d. 1922) *
February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...
Teófilo Braga, Portuguese writer, playwright and politician (d. 1924) * February 25Karl Gussow, German painter (d. 1907) *
February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...
Đorđe Simić, Serbian politician (d. 1921)


March

*
March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost ...
Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy daughter of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, (d. 1911) * March 3 ** Aleksander Sochaczewski, Polish painter (d. 1923) ** William Chandler Roberts-Austen, English metallurgist (d. 1902) * March 4John Barr, Canadian physician and politician (d. 1909 * March 6Arthur Napoleão dos Santos, Portuguese composer (d. 1925) * March 7 ** Joseph James Cheeseman, Liberian politician, 12th President of Liberia (d. 1896) ** Tsuboi Kōzō, Japanese admiral (d. 1898) ** Edwin H. Conger, American lawyer, banker and diplomat (d. 1907) * March 8Arthur Brown, U.S. senator from
Utah Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is one of the Four Corners states, sharing a border with Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. It also borders Wyoming to the northea ...
(d. 1906) *
March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, Posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the Annals of Quedlinburg, annals of the mo ...
Abraham Abraham, American businessman (d. 1911) * March 10James D. Richardson, American politician (d. 1914) * March 11Harald Høffding, Danish philosopher and theologian (d. 1931) * March 12Ludwig Dahn, German actor (d. 1898) * March 14Léon Dehon, French
Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
priest, founder of Priests of the Sacred Heart (d. 1925) * March 15Arichi Shinanojō, Japanese admiral (d. 1919) * March 16Louis Gregh, French composer (d. 1915) * March 17Henry Ware Lawton, American general (d. 1899) * March 18Jules Vandenpeereboom, Belgian politician (d. 1917) * March 22Hiram Y. Smith, American politician (d. 1894) *
March 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. * 1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the las ...
Joseph F. Johnston, American politician (d. 1913) * March 24James A. Mount, 24th governor of
Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...
(d. 1901) * March 26Johann Sioly, Austrian composer (d. 1911) * March 27George Frederick Leycester Marshall, English naturalist (d. 1934) * March 28Hippolyte Berteaux, French painter (d. 1926) * March 31Bernhard Förster, German teacher (d. 1889)


April

* April 1 ** Étienne Blanchard, Canadian politician (d.
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
) ** Venancio Antonio Morin, Venezuelan military officer and politician (d. 1919). *
April 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...
Karl Koester, German pathologist (d. 1904) * April 3Knut Ekwall, Swedish painter (d. 1912) * April 4William Henry Jackson, American explorer and photographer (d. 1942) * April 7 ** Ernest Munier-Chalmas, French geologist (d. 1903) ** John Mount Batten, British soldier and landowner (d. 1916) * April 8Asger Hamerik, Danish composer (d. 1923) * April 9Samuel W. Pennypacker, American politician and 23rd governor of Pennsylvania (d. 1916) * April 11Johannes Minckwitz, German chess player (d. 1901) * April 13Thomas Pennington Lucas, Scottish-born Australian medical practitioner, naturalist, author, philosopher and utopianist (d. 1917) *
April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...
Gustave Huberti, Flemish composer (d. 1910) * April 15Henry James, American novelist (d. 1916) * April 17Camillo Sitte, Austrian architect (d. 1903) * April 18Josiah Wood, Canadian lawyer, entrepreneur, mayor, parliamentarian, and the 13th Lieutenant Governor of the province of New Brunswick (d. 1927) *
April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...
Walther Flemming, German biologist (d. 1905) * April 22George I. Alden, American mechanical engineer and academic innovator (d. 1926) * April 25Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, third child of
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in January 1901. Her reign of 63 year ...
(d. 1878) * April 29Pedro Américo, Brazilian novelist, poet, scientist, art theorist, essayist, philosopher, politician and professor (d. 1905) * April 30Edward Colborne Baber, English orientalist (d. 1890)


May

* May 2Karl Michael Ziehrer, Austrian composer (d. 1922) * May 3William Lyne Wilson, American politician (d. 1900) * May 4Eugène Revillout, French Egyptologist (d. 1913) * May 5William George Beers, Canadian dentist (d. 1900) *
May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
Grove Karl Gilbert, American geologist (d.
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
) * May 7Léon Melchissédec, French baritone (d. 1925) * May 8Rudolf Mosse, German publisher (d. 1920) * May 9Anton von Werner, German painter (d. 1915) *
May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...
Benito Pérez Galdós, Spanish novelist (d. 1920) * May 13Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Belgian politician (d. 1913) * May 15Georges Hartmann, French music publisher and dramatist (d. 1900) * May 16Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire, English politician (d. 1928) * May 19Axel Gudbrand Blytt, Norwegian botanist and geologist (d. 1898) * May 20Itō Sukeyuki, Japanese admiral (d. 1914) * May 21 ** Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish language, Swedish and ) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the Will and testament, will of Sweden, Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobe ...
(d. 1914) ** Louis Renault, French jurist, educator, and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (d.
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
) * May 22Adolf Aron Baginsky, German professor of diseases (d.
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
) * May 23Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev, Russian admiral and politician (d. 1917) * May 25Paul Scheffer-Boichorst, German historian (d. 1902) * May 27Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis, son of Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis (d. 1879) * May 28Joyce Emmerson Preston Muddock, British journalist (d. 1934) * May 29 ** Émile Pessard, French composer (d. 1917) ** Patrick Craigie, British agricultural statistician (d. 1930) * May 30Louis Boehmer, German-American agronomist (d. 1896) * May 31Fredrikke Marie Qvam, Norwegian humanitarian leader, feminist and liberal politician (d.
1938 Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
)


June

*
June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...
** Henry Faulds, Scottish physician, missionary and fingerprinting pioneer (d. 1930) ** Saigō Jūdō, Japanese general, admiral, and politician (d. 1902) * June 3 – King Frederik VIII of Denmark (d. 1912) * June 4Charles Conrad Abbott, German archaeologist (d. 1919) * June 5Samuel Garman, American zoologist (d. 1927) * June 7Susan Blow, American educator (d. 1916) * June 8Kálmán Széll, 13th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1915) * June 9 ** Bertha von Suttner, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish language, Swedish and ) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the Will and testament, will of Sweden, Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobe ...
(d. 1914) ** Wilhelm Dames, German paleontologist (d. 1898) * June 10Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer (d. 1900) * June 11Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral, Portuguese naval commander and politician (d. 1923) * June 12David Gill, Scottish astronomer (d. 1914) *
June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...
Adolf Neuendorff, German American composer (d. 1897) * June 14Richard Otto Zöpffel, Baltic German church historian and theologian (d. 1891) * June 15Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (d. 1907) * June 16David Popper, Bohemian cellist and composer (d. 1913) * June 18René Pénicaud, French politician (d. 1899) * June 19Charles-Édouard Lefebvre, French composer (d. 1917) * June 23Otto Kuntze, German botanist (d. 1907) * June 24Andreas Ascharin, Baltic-German chessmaster (d. 1896) * June 25Prince Frederick of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Member of the Hohenzollern Sigmaringen family (d. 1904) * June 28Julius Runge, German landscape artist (d. 1922) * June 30 – Sir
Ernest Satow Sir Ernest Mason Satow (30 June 1843 – 26 August 1929), was a British diplomat, scholar and Japanologist. He is better known in Japan, where he was known as , than in Britain or the other countries in which he served as a diplomat. He was ...
, British diplomat, scholar (d. 1928)


July

* July 7Camillo Golgi, Italian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1926) * July 17Sir Penn Symons, British general (d. 1899) * July 19Francis J. Higginson, United States Navy admiral (d. 1931) * July 26J. B. C. Drew, American lawyer and politician (d. 1924) * July 29Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (d. 1901)


August

* August – Joseph Abbott, Australian wool-broker and politician (d. 1903) * August 1Robert Todd Lincoln, American politician, businessman, first son of U.S. President
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War ...
(d. 1926) * August 4Florimond Van Duyse, Belgian lawyer, composer and musicologist (d. 1910) * August 5James Scott Skinner, Scottish violinist and composer (d. 1927) * August 7Charles Warren Stoddard, American author (d. 1909) * August 8Alfred Duclos DeCelles, Canadian journalist (d. 1925) * August 9Adolf Mayer, German agricultural chemist (d. 1942) * August 10Joseph McKenna, American politician,
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States An associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is a Justice (title), justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, other than the chief justice of the United States. The number of associate justices is eight, as set by the J ...
(d. 1926) * August 11Louis Gathmann, German American inventor (d. 1917) * August 12Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz, Prussian field marshal (d. 1916) * August 15Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major, Scottish-born Swiss physician (d. 1923) * August 17Mariano Rampolla, Italian
Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
cardinal (d. 1913) * August 18Moritz Brasch, German philosopher (d. 1895) * August 19C. I. Scofield, American theologian (d. 1921) * August 20
Christina Nilsson Christina Nilsson, Countess de Casa Miranda, also called Christine Nilsson (20 August 1843 – 22 November 1921) was a Swedish operatic dramatic coloratura soprano. Possessed of a pure and brilliant voice (B3-F6), first three then two and a ha ...
, Swedish operatic soprano (d. 1921) *
August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...
Marion McCarrell Scott, American educator (d. 1922) * August 22John M. Thome, American astronomer (d. 1908) * August 23William Southam, Canadian newspaper publisher (d. 1932) * August 24Ernst Wülcker, German archivist and lexicographer (d. 1895) * August 26Victor Gardthausen, German ancient historian (d. 1925) * August 27Wilhelm Wisser, German dialectologist (d.
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
) * August 28August Sedláček, Czech historian (d. 1926) * August 29Alfred Agache, French painter (d. 1915) * August 30Carl Theodor Albrecht, German astronomer (d. 1915) * August 31Georg von Hertling,
Chancellor of Germany The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of the federal Cabinet of Germany, government of Germany. The chancellor is the chief executive of the Federal Government of Germany, ...
(d. 1919)


September

* September 1William Ziegler, American industrialist (d. 1905) * September 2Richard Alsop Wise, American educator (d. 1900) * September 4 ** Charles Dilke, British statesman (d. 1911) ** Jabez Balfour, English businessman and fraudster (d. 1916) * September 5Friedrich Reusch, German sculptor (d. 1906) * September 6Alexander Fok, Russian general (d. 1926) * September 7Otto von Diederichs, German admiral (d.
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
) * September 9Oscar Montelius, Swedish archaeologist (d. 1921) * September 10William Gill, English explorer (d. 1882) * September 11Adolf Wach, German jurist (d. 1926) * September 12Daniel F. Davis, American politician and 37th governor of Maine (d. 1897) * September 14Lola Rodríguez de Tió, Puerto Rican poet, abolitionist, and women's rights activist (d. 1924) * September 16George Brettingham Sowerby III, British conchologist, publisher, illustrator (d. 1921) * September 17William Elliot Griffis, American Congregationalist minister (d. 1928) * September 18Charles Valentine Riley, British-born American entomologist and artist (d. 1895) * September 19 ** Homer D. Call, American politician (d. 1929) ** François-Xavier-Ovide Méthot, Quebec political figure (d. 1908) * September 20Julius Lessing, German art historian (d. 1908) * September 21Gabriel Paul Othenin de Cléron, comte d'Haussonville, French politician (d. 1924) * September 22Pietro Respighi, Italian
Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
cardinal (d. 1913) * September 23Emily Warren Roebling, American engineer (d. 1903) * September 24Carl Constantin Platen, German physician (d. 1899) * September 25 ** Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin, American geologist (d. 1928) ** Melville Reuben Bissell, American entrepreneur (d. 1889) * September 26Joseph Furphy, Australian novelist (d. 1912) * September 27Gaston Tarry, French mathematician (d. 1913) * September 29Mikhail Skobelev, Russian general (d. 1882) * September 30Hector Clare Cameron, Scottish surgeon (d. 1928)


October

* October 2James Whitney, Canadian politician (d. 1914) * October 4Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas, Palestinian Catholic nun, canonized (d. 1927) * October 9Christian Christiansen, Danish physicist (d. 1917) * October 10François C. Antoine Simon, 18th president of Haiti (d. 1923) * October 12Émile Louis Ragonot, French entomologist (d. 1895) * October 13René de Lespinasse, French historian (d. 1922) * October 14Marcus Beck, early proponent of the germ theory of disease (d. 1893) * October 15Herbert W. Ladd, American politician and governor of
Rhode Island Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Is ...
(d. 1913) * October 16Johann Friedrich Ahlfeld, German obstetrician and gynecologist (d. 1929) * October 17Lot Thomas, American state court judge (d. 1905) * October 19Albert Viger, French politician (d. 1926) * October 20Victor de Stuers, Dutch artist (d. 1916) * October 22Anton Yegorovich von Saltza, Russian general (d. 1916) * October 23René de Lespinasse, French historian (d. 1922) * October 24Caroline Brown Buell, American activist (d. 1927) * October 25Pierre Lallement, French inventor of the
bicycle A bicycle, also called a pedal cycle, bike, push-bike or cycle, is a human-powered transport, human-powered or motorized bicycle, motor-assisted, bicycle pedal, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, with two bicycle wheel, wheels attached to a ...
(d. 1891) * October 26Henry Trimen, British botanist (d. 1896) * October 28 ** Dezső Bánffy, 12th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1911) ** Herman Bendell, Physician and last Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Arizona Territory (d. 1932) * October 29John Miller 1st governor of North Dakota (d. 1908) * October 31Henri Regnault, French painter (d. 1871)


November

* November 3Isaac S. Struble, American politician (d. 1913) * November 4Theodor Gartner, Austrian linguist (d. 1925) * November 5Harry Rawson, English explorer and 21st governor of
New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...
(d. 1919) * November 6Job Adams Cooper, American politician (d. 1899) * November 7Heinrich Friedrich Weber, German physicist (d. 1912) * November 8Moritz Pasch, German mathematician (d. 1930) * November 11Cornelius Vanderbilt II, American railway magnate (d. 1899) * November 13Friedrich Albin Hoffmann, German internist (d. 1924) * November 14Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann, German botanist (d. 1909) * November 15Joseph König (chemist), German chemist (d. 1930) * November 16Louise Jopling, English painter (d. 1933) * November 19C. X. Larrabee, American businessman (d. 1914) * November 21Gaston Tissandier, French chemist, meteorologist, aviator and editor (d. 1899) * November 22Albert Huntington Chester, American geologist (d. 1903) * November 24Ekaterina Junge, Russian painter (d. 1913) *
November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, Ki ...
Henry Ware Eliot, American industrialist (d. 1919) * November 27 ** Edwin C. Burleigh, American politician, 42nd governor of Maine (d. 1916) ** Thomas Perrett, Sgt in the
Confederate States Army The Confederate States Army (CSA), also called the Confederate army or the Southern army, was the Military forces of the Confederate States, military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) duri ...
and North Carolina State Senator (d. 1923) * November 28Émile Bernard (composer), French composer (d. 1902) * November 29 ** Gertrude Jekyll, English garden designer, writer and artist (d. 1932) ** Peter Birch-Reichenwald, Norwegian politician (d. 1898) * November 30Martha Ripley, American physician (d. 1912)


December

* December 3Sir William Gatacre, British general (d. 1906) * December 11Robert Koch, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1910) * December 24Lydia Koidula, Estonian poet (d.
1886 Events January * January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British rule in Burma, British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885. * January 5–January 9, 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson ...
) * December 28Prentiss Ingraham, American author of dime fiction (d. 1904) * December 29Elisabeth of Wied, Queen consort of Romania (d. 1916)


Full date unknown

* Adelaida Lukanina, Russian chemist (d. 1908) * Giangiacomo Moretti, Italian painter (d. ?)


Deaths


January–June

*
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...
** Antoine Bournonville, French ballet dancer, choreographer (b. 1760) ** Francis Scott Key, American songwriter of
The Star-Spangled Banner "The Star-Spangled Banner" is the national anthem of the United States. The lyrics come from the "Defence of Fort M'Henry", a poem written by American lawyer Francis Scott Key on September 14, 1814, after he witnessed the bombardment of Fort ...
(b. 1779) *
February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...
Nathaniel Chipman, United States federal judge (b. 1752) * February 26Sir John Thomas Jones, British army general (b. 1783) * March 3David Porter, American naval officer (b. 1780) * March 21 ** Guadalupe Victoria, 1st
President of Mexico The president of Mexico (), officially the president of the United Mexican States (), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Constitution of Mexico, the president heads the executive branch of the federal government and ...
(b. 1786) ** Robert Southey, English poet (b. 1774) * March 25Robert Murray M'Cheyne, Scottish clergyman (b. 1813) * March 27Karl Salomo Zachariae von Lingenthal, German jurist (b. 1769) * April 17Samuel Morey, American inventor (b. 1762) * May 23Pierre Lorillard II, American businessman (b. 1764) * May 28Noah Webster, American lexicographer (b. 1758) *
June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...
William Abbot, English actor (b. 1798) * June 7Friedrich Hölderlin, German writer (b. 1770)


July–December

* July 2Samuel Hahnemann, German physician (b. 1755) * July 7 – John Holmes (Maine), John Holmes, American politician (b. 1773) * July 14 – Miguel de Álava, Spanish soldier, statesman (b. 1770) * August – Sequoyah, Native American silversmith, creator of the Cherokee syllabary (b. c. 1767) * July 22 – Marie-Madeleine Lachenais, Haitian de facto politician (b. 1778) * July 25 – Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist and inventor of a waterproof fabric (b. 1766) * September 4 – Howqua, Chinese merchant, "richest man in the world" (b. 1769) * September 11 – Joseph Nicollet, French geographer (b. 1786) * September 16 – Ezekiel Hart, Canadian entrepreneur, politician (b. 1767 or 1770) * October 6 – Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet, British army general (b. 1769) * October 18 – Ebenezer Elmer, American politician (b. 1752) * November – Esther Leach, English-Indian actress and director (b. 1809) * November 10 – John Trumbull, American painter (b. 1756) * December 12 – King William I of the Netherlands (b. 1772) * December 18 – Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch, British Governor-General of India (b. 1748)


Date unknown

* Emma Jane Greenland, English painter (b. 1760)


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1843 1843,