Events
January–March
*
January 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...
– Abolitionist
William Lloyd Garrison
William Lloyd Garrison (December , 1805 – May 24, 1879) was an Abolitionism in the United States, American abolitionist, journalist, and reformism (historical), social reformer. He is best known for his widely read anti-slavery newspaper ''The ...
founds the
New-England Anti-Slavery Society.
*
January 13
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years.
* 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...
– The
Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in
Jamaica
Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...
, after the island's white planters organize militias and the British Army sends companies of the 84th regiment to enforce martial law. More than 300 of the slave rebels will be publicly hanged for their part in the destruction.
*
February 6
Events Pre-1600
* 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih.
* 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...
– The
Swan River Colony
The Swan River Colony, also known as the Swan River Settlement, or just ''Swan River'', was a British colony established in 1829 on the Swan River, in Western Australia. This initial settlement place on the Swan River was soon named Perth, an ...
is renamed
Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
.
*
February 9
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire
*1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...
– The
Florida
Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
Legislative Council grants a city charter for
Jacksonville, Florida
Jacksonville ( ) is the most populous city proper in the U.S. state of Florida, located on the Atlantic coast of North Florida, northeastern Florida. It is the county seat of Duval County, Florida, Duval County, with which the City of Jacksonv ...
.
*
February 12
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular.
* 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...
**
Ecuador
Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...
annexes the
Galápagos Islands
The Galápagos Islands () are an archipelago of volcanic islands in the Eastern Pacific, located around the equator, west of the mainland of South America. They form the Galápagos Province of the Republic of Ecuador, with a population of sli ...
.
** A
cholera
Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some Strain (biology), strains of the Bacteria, bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea last ...
epidemic
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί ''epi'' "upon or above" and δῆμος ''demos'' "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time. For example, in meningococcal infection ...
in London claims at least 3,000 lives; the contagion spreads to France and North America later this year.
*
February 28
Events Pre-1600
*202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.
* 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...
–
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English Natural history#Before 1900, naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all speci ...
and the crew of arrive at
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...
for the first time.
*
March 24
Events Pre-1600
*1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
* 1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian- Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margat ...
– In
Hiram, Ohio, a group of men beat,
tar and feather Mormon leader
Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith Jr. (December 23, 1805June 27, 1844) was an American religious and political leader and the founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. Publishing the Book of Mormon at the age of 24, Smith attracted tens of thou ...
.
April–June
*
April 6
Events Pre–1600
*46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus.
* 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia.
* ...
– The
Black Hawk War
The Black Hawk War was a conflict between the United States and Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans led by Black Hawk (Sauk leader), Black Hawk, a Sauk people, Sauk leader. The war erupted after Black Hawk and a group of ...
begins in the United States.
*
May 7 – The
Treaty of London creates an independent
Kingdom of Greece
The Kingdom of Greece (, Romanization, romanized: ''Vasíleion tis Elládos'', pronounced ) was the Greece, Greek Nation state, nation-state established in 1832 and was the successor state to the First Hellenic Republic. It was internationally ...
.
Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria, is chosen King; thus begins the
history of modern Greece
The history of modern Greece covers the history of Greece from the recognition by the Great Powers — United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the United Kingdom, Kingdom of France, France and Russian Empire, Russia — of its Greek War of ...
.
*
May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
* 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...
– The
Egyptians
Egyptians (, ; , ; ) are an ethnic group native to the Nile, Nile Valley in Egypt. Egyptian identity is closely tied to Geography of Egypt, geography. The population is concentrated in the Nile Valley, a small strip of cultivable land stretchi ...
, aided by
Maronites
Maronites (; ) are a Syriac Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant (particularly Lebanon) whose members belong to the Maronite Church. The largest concentration has traditionally resided near Mount ...
, seize
Acre
The acre ( ) is a Unit of measurement, unit of land area used in the Imperial units, British imperial and the United States customary units#Area, United States customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one Chain (unit), ch ...
from the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
after a 7-month
siege
A siege () . is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or by well-prepared assault. Siege warfare (also called siegecrafts or poliorcetics) is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict charact ...
.
*
May 11
Events Pre-1600
* 330 – Constantine the Great dedicates the much-expanded and rebuilt city of Byzantium, changing its name to New Rome and declaring it the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
*868 – A copy of the Diamond Sūtr ...
– Greece is recognized as a sovereign nation; the
Treaty of Constantinople ends the
Greek War of Independence
The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. In 1826, the Greeks were assisted ...
in
July
July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before the ...
.
*
May 16 –
Juan Godoy discovers the rich silver outcrops of
Chañarcillo sparking the
Chilean silver rush.
*
May 30
** The
Hambacher Fest, a demonstration for
civil liberties
Civil liberties are guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by constitution, legislation, or judicial interpretation, without due process. Though the scope of the term differs between countries, civil liberties of ...
and national unity in Germany, ends with no result.
** The
Rideau Canal in eastern
Ontario
Ontario is the southernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Located in Central Canada, Ontario is the Population of Canada by province and territory, country's most populous province. As of the 2021 Canadian census, it ...
(Canada) is opened.
*
June 5–
6 – The
June Rebellion in France, anti-
monarchist riots led chiefly by students, breaks out in
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
.
*
June 7
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire).
* 879 – Pope John VIII recognises the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state.
* 1002 – He ...
– The
Reform Act receives
royal assent
Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in othe ...
after passage by the British Parliament, reforming the electoral system and setting uniform law for voting rights in
England
England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
and
Wales
Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic ...
, though not in Scotland or Ireland.
*
June 9 – The
Strasburg Rail Road is incorporated by the Pennsylvania State Legislature, making it the oldest continuously operating railroad in the Western Hemisphere.
July–September
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and ...
– Global
conglomerate Jardine Matheson is founded in Canton (modern day
Guangzhou
Guangzhou, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Guangdong Provinces of China, province in South China, southern China. Located on the Pearl River about nor ...
) in
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...
China by Scottish merchants.
*
July 2 –
André-Michel Guerry presents his ''Essay on moral statistics of France'' to the French Academy of Sciences, a significant step in the founding of empirical
social science
Social science (often rendered in the plural as the social sciences) is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among members within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the ...
.
*
July 4 –
Durham University
Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate university, collegiate public university, public research university in Durham, England, founded by an Act of Parliament (UK), Act of Parliament in 1832 and incorporated by r ...
is founded in the north of England by an act of Parliament given royal assent by King William IV.
*
July 9 – The
Commissioner of Indian Affairs post is created within the
United States Department of War
The United States Department of War, also called the War Department (and occasionally War Office in the early years), was the United States Cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the United States Army, als ...
.
*
July 10 – The
United States Survey of the Coast
The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey ( USC&GS; known as the Survey of the Coast from 1807 to 1836, and as the United States Coast Survey from 1836 until 1878) was the first scientific agency of the Federal government of the United State ...
is revived within the
Department of the Treasury.
*
August 2 – The
Bad Axe Massacre ends the last major Native American rebellion east of the Mississippi in the United States.
*
August 7 –
William Howley,
Archbishop of Canterbury
The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the Primus inter pares, ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the bishop of the diocese of Canterbury. The first archbishop ...
, has his coach attacked by an angry mob on his first official visit to
Canterbury
Canterbury (, ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, in the county of Kent, England; it was a county borough until 1974. It lies on the River Stour, Kent, River Stour. The city has a mild oceanic climat ...
because of his opposition to the Reform Act in the United Kingdom.
*
August 9 –
Leopold I of Belgium marries the daughter of the French king
Louise of Orléans
Louise of Orléans (Louise-Marie Thérèse Charlotte Isabelle; 3 April 1812 – 11 October 1850) was the first Queen of the Belgians as the second wife of King Leopold I from their marriage on 9 August 1832 until her death in 1850. She wa ...
in a
dynastic marriage at the
Château de Compiègne
The Château de Compiègne is a French château, a former royal residence built for Louis XV and later restored by Napoleon. Compiègne was one of three seats of royal government, the others being Versailles and Fontainebleau. It is located i ...
*
August 27 –
Black Hawk (Sauk leader) surrenders to the United States authorities, ending the
Black Hawk War
The Black Hawk War was a conflict between the United States and Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans led by Black Hawk (Sauk leader), Black Hawk, a Sauk people, Sauk leader. The war erupted after Black Hawk and a group of ...
.
*
September 22 –
Qasim al-Ahmad is appointed as the new Ottoman Governor (''
mutasallim'') of
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...
(Kudüs), after Sultan
Mahmud II
Mahmud II (, ; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. Often described as the "Peter the Great of Turkey", Mahmud instituted extensive administrative, military, and fiscal reforms ...
dismisses Muhammad Said Agha.
October–December
*
October 4 –
Prince Otto of Bavaria, the second oldest son of
King Ludwig I, is selected by Europe's major powers to become Othon, the first
King of Greece
The Kingdom of Greece was ruled by the House of Wittelsbach from 1832 to 1862 and by the House of Glücksburg from 1863 to 1924 and, after being temporarily abolished in favor of the Second Hellenic Republic, again from 1935 to 1973, when it ...
, after the Hellenic nation's reacquisition of independence.
*
October 20
Events Pre-1600
*1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent.
* 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the r ...
– Principal Chief
Levi Colbert (''Itawamba Mingo'') and other leaders of the
Chickasaw Nation of American Indians sign the
Treaty of Pontotoc Creek with the United States, ceding their remaining 9,400 square miles of land to the U.S., in return for a promise that they will receive all proceeds of sales of the land by the federal government to private owners, along with expenses for relocation and food and supplies for one year. The area ceded includes the entire northern one-sixth of the state of Mississippi.
*
November 21 –
Wabash College, a small, private, liberal arts college for men, is founded.
*
November 24 –
Nullification Crisis: The U.S. state of
South Carolina
South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...
passes the
Ordinance of Nullification, challenging the power of the U.S. federal government, by declaring that it will not enforce national tariffs signed into law in
1828
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France.
* January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organiz ...
and 1832.
*
December 3
Events Pre-1600
* 915 – Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date).
1601–1900
* 1775 – American Revolution: becomes the first vessel to fly the Continental Union Flag (precursor to the " St ...
–
1832 United States presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the United States from November 2 to December 5, 1832. Incumbent president Andrew Jackson, candidate of the Democratic Party, defeated Henry Clay, candidate of the National Republican Party.
The election ...
:
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before Presidency of Andrew Jackson, his presidency, he rose to fame as a general in the U.S. Army and served in both houses ...
is re-elected president.
*
December 4 –
Siege of Antwerp: The last remaining
Dutch stronghold,
Antwerp Citadel, comes under French attack in the aftermath of the
Belgian Revolution
The Belgian Revolution (, ) was a conflict which led to the secession of the southern provinces (mainly the former Southern Netherlands) from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the establishment of an independent Kingdom of Belgium.
The ...
.
*
December 10 – U.S. President
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before Presidency of Andrew Jackson, his presidency, he rose to fame as a general in the U.S. Army and served in both houses ...
responds to the
Nullification Crisis by threatening to send the U.S. Army and Navy into South Carolina if it does not comply.
*
December 21
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69 – The Roman Senate declares Vespasian Roman emperor, emperor of Rome, the last in the Year of the Four Emperors.
*1124 – Pope Honorius II is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning ...
–
Battle of Konya: The
Egypt
Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
ians defeat the main
Ottoman army in central
Anatolia
Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...
.
*
December 23 – The
Siege of Antwerp ends with the Dutch garrison losing the citadel.
*
December 28 –
John C. Calhoun becomes the first Vice President of the United States to resign.
Date unknown
*
George Catlin starts to live among the
Sioux
The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin ( ; Dakota/ Lakota: ) are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations people from the Great Plains of North America. The Sioux have two major linguistic divisions: the Dakota and Lakota peoples (translati ...
in the
Dakota Territory.
* The first
Baedeker guidebook, ''Voyage du Rhin de Mayence à Cologne'', is published in
Koblenz
Koblenz ( , , ; Moselle Franconian language, Moselle Franconian: ''Kowelenz'') is a German city on the banks of the Rhine (Middle Rhine) and the Moselle, a multinational tributary.
Koblenz was established as a Roman Empire, Roman military p ...
.
* Publication begins (posthumously) of
Carl von Clausewitz
Carl Philipp Gottlieb von Clausewitz ( , ; born Carl Philipp Gottlieb Clauswitz; 1 July 1780 – 16 November 1831) was a Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian general and Military theory, military theorist who stressed the "moral" (in modern terms meani ...
's ''Vom Kriege'' ("''
On War
''Vom Kriege'' () is a book on war and military strategy by Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz (1780–1831), written mostly after the Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and published posthumously by his wife Marie von Brühl in 1832. It ...
''").
* The
City of Buffalo in New York is incorporated.
* The
Cumberland and Oxford Canal connects the largest lakes of southern
Maine
Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...
with the seaport of
Portland, Maine
Portland is the List of municipalities in Maine, most populous city in the U.S. state of Maine and the county seat, seat of Cumberland County, Maine, Cumberland County. Portland's population was 68,408 at the 2020 census. The Portland metropolit ...
.
* Global
watch
A watch is a timepiece carried or worn by a person. It is designed to maintain a consistent movement despite the motions caused by the person's activities. A wristwatch is worn around the wrist, attached by a watch strap or another type of ...
brand
Longines
Compagnie des Montres Longines, Francillon S.A., or simply Longines (), is a Swiss luxury watchmaker based in Saint-Imier, Switzerland. Founded by Agassiz family, Auguste Agassiz in 1832, the company has been a subsidiary of the Swiss The Swatch G ...
is founded in
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...
.
* The first commutator DC
electric motor
An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a electromagnetic coil, wire winding to gene ...
, capable of turning machinery, is demonstrated by
William Sturgeon
William Sturgeon (; 22 May 1783 – 4 December 1850) was an English electrical engineer and inventor who made the first electromagnet and the first practical electric motor.
Early life
Sturgeon was born on 22 May 1783 in Whittington, near ...
in London.
Births
January–June
*
January 1
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__
Events ...
**
Tom Jeffords, US Army scout and Indian agent (d.
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
)
**
Charles N. Felton, American banker and politician (d.
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
)
*
January 4
Events Pre-1600
*46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina.
* 871 – Battle of Reading (871), Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred the Great, Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasi ...
**
Sir George Tryon, British admiral (d.
1893)
**
Antoine Chanzy, French general and governor of
Algeria
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...
(d.
1883)
*
January 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...
–
Gustave Doré
Paul Gustave Louis Christophe Doré ( , , ; 6January 1832 – 23January 1883) was a French printmaker, illustrator, painter, comics artist, caricaturist, and sculptor. He is best known for his prolific output of wood-engravings illustrati ...
, French painter, sculptor (d.
1883)
*
January 13
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years.
* 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...
–
Horatio Alger, Jr., American Unitarian minister, author (d.
1899
Events January
* January 1
** Spanish rule formally ends in Cuba with the cession of Spanish sovereignty to the U.S., concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (February 1899), p ...
)
*
January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...
–
Carl Hubert von Wendt, German landowner and politician (d.
1903)
*
January 22
Events Pre-1600
* 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.
* 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...
–
Alonzo B. Cornell, 27th Governor of New York (d.
1904)
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
* 1229 ...
**
Édouard Manet
Édouard Manet (, ; ; 23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883) was a French Modernism, modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, as well as a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism (art movement), R ...
, French painter (d.
1883)
**
Charlotte Pousette, Swedish stage actress (d.
1877
Events January
* January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act 1876, introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .
* January 8 – Great Sioux War of 1876: Batt ...
)
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
* 1438 – The Co ...
**
Joseph Hodges Choate, American lawyer and diplomat (d. 1917)
**
Albert Arnz, German landscape painter (d.
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
)
*
January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
**
Ivan Shishkin, Russian landscape painter (d.
1898
Events
January
* January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queen ...
)
**
Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff,
Prussian general and writer (d.
1891)
*
January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
* 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of T ...
–
George Shiras Jr.,
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
An associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is a Justice (title), justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, other than the chief justice of the United States. The number of associate justices is eight, as set by the J ...
(d.
1924)
*
January 27
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor.
* 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...
–
Lewis Carroll
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, poet, mathematician, photographer and reluctant Anglicanism, Anglican deacon. His most notable works are ''Alice ...
, English author (d.
1898
Events
January
* January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queen ...
)
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
*AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...
–
Sir Charles Gough, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (d.
1912
This year is notable for Sinking of the Titanic, the sinking of the ''Titanic'', which occurred on April 15.
In Albania, this leap year runs with only 353 days as the country achieved switching from the Julian to Gregorian Calendar by skippin ...
)
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
*AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...
**
T. Muthuswamy Iyer, Lawyer, first Indian Judge of the Madras high court (d.
1895)
**
Franz Wüllner, German composer and conductor (d.
1902)
*
January 29
Events
Pre-1600
* 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.
* 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...
–
Wilhelm Böckmann, German architect (d.
1902)
*
January 30
Events Pre-1600
* 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
* 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1601–1900
* 1607 – An es ...
–
Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain,
Duchess of Montpensier
Countess of Montpensier
House of Valois, 1362?–1434
House of Bourbon-Montpensier, 1434–1523
Duchess of Montpensier
House of Bourbon-Vendôme, 1561–1627
House of Bourbon-Orléans
House of Bourbon-Orléans (in pretence) ...
(d.
1897
Events
January
* January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.
* January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a punitive expedit ...
)
*
February 6
Events Pre-1600
* 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih.
* 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...
–
John B. Gordon, attorney, slaveholding
planter, general in the
Confederate States Army
The Confederate States Army (CSA), also called the Confederate army or the Southern army, was the Military forces of the Confederate States, military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) duri ...
, and politician (d.
1904)
*
February 9
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire
*1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...
–
Adele Spitzeder, German actress, folk singer and confidence trickster (d.
1895)
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna.
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...
–
Octave Chanute, French-American engineer, aviation pioneer (d.
1910)
*
February 21
Events Pre-1600
* 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
* 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
* 1440 – The ...
–
Louis Maurer,
German-American
German Americans (, ) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry.
According to the United States Census Bureau's figures from 2022, German Americans make up roughly 41 million people in the US, which is approximately 12% of the pop ...
lithographer, and the father of painter
Alfred Henry Maurer (d.
1932
Events January
* January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel.
* January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
)
*
February 26
Events Pre-1600
* 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events.
* 320 – Chandragupta ...
–
John George Nicolay, German-American author, diplomat, and private secretary to
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War ...
(d.
1901)
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
* AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 581 – Yang Jian declares himself Emperor ...
–
Samuel Colman, American painter, interior designer, and writer (d.
1920)
*
March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...
–
Carl Neumann, German
mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...
(d.
1925
Events January
* January 1 – The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria (1925–1930), State of Syria.
* January 3 – Benito Mussolini m ...
)
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes ...
–
John Owen Dominis,
prince consort of the
Kingdom of Hawaii
The Hawaiian Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language, Hawaiian: ɛ ɐwˈpuni həˈvɐjʔi, was an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country from 1795 to 1893, which eventually encompassed all of the inhabited Hawaii ...
as the husband of Queen
Liliuokalani (d.
1891)
*
March 17
Events Pre-1600
* 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
* 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ...
–
Moncure D. Conway, American
abolitionist
Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the political movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved individuals around the world.
The first country to fully outlaw slavery was Kingdom of France, France in 1315, but it was later used ...
minister and radical writer (d.
1907
Events
January
* January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000.
February
* February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...
)
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
* 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...
–
Ármin Vámbéry, Hungarian
Turkologist and traveler (d.
1913
Events January
* January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city.
* January 3 &ndash ...
)
*
March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the '' Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas ...
–
Charles Altamont Doyle, illustrator, watercolourist and civil servant (d.
1893)
*
March 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
–
William Quiller Orchardson, Scottish portraitist (d.
1910)
*
April 3
Events Pre-1600
* 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.
* 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
* 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. ...
–
James Sewall Reed, American soldier (d.
1864
Events
January
* January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song "Beautiful Dream ...
)
*
April 4
Events Pre-1600
* 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines.
* 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground.
* 611 &nd ...
–
Fedor Flinzer, German author, educator and illustrator (d.
1911
Events January
* January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia.
* January 3
** 1911 Kebin earthquake: An earthquake of 7.7 m ...
)
*
April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...
–
Jules Ferry, French premier (d.
1893)
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...
–
Ferdinand Kittel, German missionary,
Lutheran
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that emerged under the work of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched ...
priest and
indologist (d.
1903)
*
April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
* 1139 – ...
**
Howell Edmunds Jackson, American politician,
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
An associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is a Justice (title), justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, other than the chief justice of the United States. The number of associate justices is eight, as set by the J ...
(d.
1895)
**
Alfred von Waldersee, German
field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army (in countries without the rank of Generalissimo), and as such, few persons a ...
(d.
1904)
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...
**
Wilhelm Busch
Heinrich Christian Wilhelm Busch (14 April 1832 – 9 January 1908) was a German humorist, poet, illustrator, and painter. He published wildly innovative illustrated tales that remain influential to this day.
Busch drew on the tropes of f ...
, German humorist, poet, illustrator and painter (d.
1908)
**
James H. Ledlie, civil engineer for
American railroads and a general in the
Union Army (d.
1882)
*
April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guisca ...
– John Irwin (admiral), John Irwin, American admiral (d.
1901)
* April 17 – Robert Loyd-Lindsay, 1st Baron Wantage, Robert Loyd-Lindsay, British soldier, politician, and philanthropist (d.
1901)
* April 19
** José Echegaray, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
** Lucretia Garfield, First Lady of the United States (d. 1918)
*
May 7 – Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, German Protestant theologian (d.
1910)
* May 14
** Charles Peace, English criminal (d. 1879)
** Rudolf Lipschitz, German mathematician (d.
1903)
* May 20 – Garretson W. Gibson, 14th president of Liberia (d.
1910)
* May 21
** Hudson Taylor, English founder of the China Inland Mission (d. 1905)
** Edwin Warren Moïse (born 1832), Edwin Warren Moïse, Jewish-American lawyer, Confederate officer, and Adjutant-General from
South Carolina
South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...
(d.
1902)
* May 22 – Laura Gundersen, Norwegian actor (d.
1898
Events
January
* January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queen ...
)
* March 26 – Michel Bréal, French philologist (d. 1915)
* May 27 – Alexandr Aksakov, Russian writer (d.
1903)
* May 28 – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line, Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line from 1867 to 1913 (d.
1913
Events January
* January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city.
* January 3 &ndash ...
)
*
June 9 – Martha Waldron Janes, American minister, suffragist, columnist (d. unknown)
* June 10 – Nicolaus Otto, German engineer (d.
1891)
* June 11 – Jules Vallès, French journalist, author, and left-wing political activist (d. 1885)
* June 12 – Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal, Haitian politician, 12th President of Haiti (d. 1905)
* June 17 – Sir William Crookes, English chemist, physicist (d. 1919)
* June 21
** Louise Rayner, British Watercolour painting, watercolour artist (d.
1924)
** Joseph Rainey, American politician, first black person in the United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives (d. 1887)
* June 23 – Gustav Jäger (naturalist), Gustav Jäger, German Natural history, naturalist and hygienist (d. 1917)
* June 29 – Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès, Rafqa Pietra Chobok, Lebanon, Lebanese Maronite Church, Maronite nun who was Canonization, canonized (d.
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
)
July–December

*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and ...
– Karl Binz, German physician and pharmacologist (d.
1913
Events January
* January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city.
* January 3 &ndash ...
)
* July 5 – Pavel Chistyakov, Russian painter and art teacher (d. 1919)
* July 6 – Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico (d. 1867)
*
July 10 – Alvan Graham Clark, American astronomer and telescope-maker (d.
1897
Events
January
* January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.
* January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a punitive expedit ...
)
* July 11 – Charilaos Trikoupis, 7-time Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1896)
* July 19 – Julius von Verdy du Vernois, German General officer, general and staff officer (d.
1910)
* July 22 – Colin Archer, Norwegian Naval architecture, naval architect and Shipbuilding, shipbuilder (d. 1921)
* July 26 – Joseph P. Fyffe, American admiral (d. 1896)
* July 29 – Luigi Palma di Cesnola, Italian-American soldier, diplomat and archaeologist (d.
1904)
*
August 2 – Henry Steel Olcott, American officer (d.
1907
Events
January
* January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000.
February
* February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...
)
* August 3 – Edward Wilmot Blyden, Americo-Liberian educator, writer, diplomat, and politician (d.
1912
This year is notable for Sinking of the Titanic, the sinking of the ''Titanic'', which occurred on April 15.
In Albania, this leap year runs with only 353 days as the country achieved switching from the Julian to Gregorian Calendar by skippin ...
)
*
August 7 – Max Lange, German chess player and Chess problem, problem composer (d.
1899
Events January
* January 1
** Spanish rule formally ends in Cuba with the cession of Spanish sovereignty to the U.S., concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (February 1899), p ...
)
* August 8 – George, King of Saxony (d.
1904)
*
August 9 – Alexander von Monts, officer in the Prussian Navy and later the German Imperial Navy (d. 1889)
* August 13 – George F. Robinson, American soldier (d.
1907
Events
January
* January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000.
February
* February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...
)
* August 16 – Wilhelm Wundt, German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, and pioneer of modern psychology (d.
1920)
* August 20 – Thaddeus S. C. Lowe, American aeronaut, scientist and inventor (d.
1913
Events January
* January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city.
* January 3 &ndash ...
)
* August 26 – Charles DeRudio, Italian people, Italian aristocrat and U.S. Army officer (d.
1910)
* September 1 – Hermann Steudner, botanist and an explorer of Africa (d.1863)
* September 10 – Randall L. Gibson, American politician and general in the Confederate States Army, Confederate Army (d. 1892)
* September 14 – Henry Steers (1832), Henry Steers, son of James Rich Steers, nephew of George Steers, proprietor of Henry Steers' Ship Yard (d.
1903)
* September 20 – Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau (d. 1905)
* September 21 – Louis Paul Cailletet, French physicist and inventor (d.
1913
Events January
* January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city.
* January 3 &ndash ...
)
*
September 22 – John Smith (nephew of Joseph Smith), John Smith, nephew of
Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith Jr. (December 23, 1805June 27, 1844) was an American religious and political leader and the founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. Publishing the Book of Mormon at the age of 24, Smith attracted tens of thou ...
, the founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and the fifth Presiding Patriarch of LDS Church (d.
1911
Events January
* January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia.
* January 3
** 1911 Kebin earthquake: An earthquake of 7.7 m ...
)
* September 25 – William Le Baron Jenney, American architect and engineer(d.
1907
Events
January
* January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000.
February
* February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...
)
* September 30 – Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, British Victorian era general (d.
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
)
* October 1
** Caroline Harrison, First Lady of the United States (d. 1892)
** Henry Clay Work, Americans, American composer and songwriter (d. 1884)
* October 2
** Edward Burnett Tylor, Sir Edward Tylor, English anthropologist (d. 1917)
** Julius von Sachs, German botanist (d.
1897
Events
January
* January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.
* January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a punitive expedit ...
)
* October 3 – Richard Meade, 4th Earl of Clanwilliam, Richard Meade, Lord Gilford, British admiral (d.
1907
Events
January
* January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000.
February
* February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...
)
*
October 4 – Thorborg Rappe, Swedish social reformer (d.
1902)
* October 6
** August Eisenlohr, German egyptologist (d. 1902 in Germany, 1902)
** Christian Mali, German painter and art professor (d. 1906 in Germany, 1906)
* October 7 – William Thomas Blanford, English geologist and naturalist (d. 1905)
* October 10 – Joe Cain, American parade organizer for Mardi Gras in Mobile, Alabama (d.
1904)
* October 16 – George Crockett Strong, Union (American Civil War), Union Brigadier general (United States), brigadier general in the American Civil War(d. 1863)
* October 21 – Gustav Langenscheidt, German publisher (died 1895 in Germany, 1895)
* October 22 – Robert Eitner, German musicologist, researcher and bibliographer (died 1905 in Germany, 1905)
* October 23
** Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia, fourth son and seventh child of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1909)
** Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg, Finnish priest and father of Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, K. J. Ståhlberg, the first President of Finland (d. 1873)
** William Hulbert, American professional baseball executive who was one of the founders of the National League (baseball), National League (d.
1882)
* October 25 – Grand duke, Grand Duke Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia, Michael Nikolaevich of Russia, Russian noble, child of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, Nicholas I and Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1909)
* October 29 – Narcisa de Jesús, Ecuadorian-born philanthropist, lay hermit, sainted (d. 1869)
* November 1 – Gyula Szapáry, Hungarian politician, 10th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1905)
* November 3 – Hubert de Burgh-Canning, 2nd Marquess of Clanricarde (d. 1916)
* November 7 – Andrew Dickson White, American historian, diplomat and co-founder of Cornell University (d. 1918)
* November 9 – Émile Gaboriau, French writer, novelist, journalist, and a pioneer of detective fiction (d. 1873)
* November 10 – Samuel McKee (born 1832), Samuel McKee, Colonel for the
Union Army and served in the Third Kentucky Volunteer Infantry (d. 1862)
* November 12 – Nancy Edberg, Swedish pioneer of women's swimming (d. 1892)
* November 15 – Hermann Ottomar Herzog, German-American painter (d.
1932
Events January
* January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel.
* January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
)
* November 18 – Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, Finnish-Swedish geologist and explorer (d.
1901)
* November 26 – Mary Edwards Walker, American physician (d. 1919)
* November 28 – Leslie Stephen, Sir Leslie Stephen, English writer, critic (d.
1904)
* November 29 – Louisa May Alcott, American author (d. 1888)
*
December 4 – Jonathan (tortoise), British tortoise
* December 6 – Thaddeus C. Pound, American businessman and politician (d.
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
)
* December 8
** Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Norwegian author, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1910)
** G. A. Henty, English novelist and war correspondent (d.
1902)
* December 11 – Nancy Edberg, Swedish swimmer, swimming instructor and Public bathing, bath house manager (d. 1892)
* December 13 – Alexander Milton Ross, Canadian abolitionist (d.
1897
Events
January
* January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.
* January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a punitive expedit ...
)
* December 14 – Ana Betancourt, Cuban national heroine (d.
1901)
* December 15 – Gustave Eiffel, French engineer (d. 1923)
*
December 21
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69 – The Roman Senate declares Vespasian Roman emperor, emperor of Rome, the last in the Year of the Four Emperors.
*1124 – Pope Honorius II is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning ...
– John H. Ketcham, American politician (d. 1906)
* December 27 – Thomas Blakiston, England, English List of explorers, explorer, zoologist, and Natural history, naturalist. (d.
1891)
Date unknown
* Margaret Morton Bibb, American quilter (d. 1900/
1910)
* Naimuddin, Bengali writer and Islamic scholar (d.
1907
Events
January
* January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000.
February
* February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...
)
* Turki bin Said, former Sultan of Muscat and Oman (d. 1888)
* Nikiforos Lytras, Greek painter (d.
1904)
* James James, Welsh harpist and musician (d.
1902)
* Mary Fields, American mail carrier who was the first Black women, Black woman to be employed as a Star routes, star route Mail carrier, postwoman in the United States (d.
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
)
Deaths
January–June
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
* 1438 – The Co ...
– Daniel Sykes, English politician (b. 1766)
*
January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
* 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of T ...
– Alexander Cochrane, British admiral (b. 1758)
*
January 27
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor.
* 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...
– Andrew Bell (educationalist), Andrew Bell, Scottish educationalist, founder of Madras College, India (b. 1753)
* February 2 – Ignacio López Rayón, leader of the Mexican War of Independence (b. 1773)
* February 3 – George Crabbe, English poet and naturalist (b. 1754)
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
* AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 581 – Yang Jian declares himself Emperor ...
– Jean-François Champollion, French Egyptologist (b. 1790)
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes ...
– Muzio Clementi, Italian composer and pianist (b. 1752)
* March 15 – Otto Wilhelm Masing, Estonian linguist (b. 1763)
* March 22 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German writer (b. 1749)
* March 29 – Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia (b. 1773)
*
April 3
Events Pre-1600
* 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.
* 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
* 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. ...
– Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, Prime Minister of France (b. 1778)
* April 12 – Shadrach Bond, American politician and the first governor of Illinois (b. 1773)
* April 18 – Jeanne-Elisabeth Chaudet, French painter (b. 1761)
* May 13 – Georges Cuvier, French zoologist (b. 1769)
* May 23 – Sir William Grant, William Grant, British lawyer, politician and judge (b. 1752)
* May 28 – Nicolas Bergasse, French lawyer (b. 1750)
* May 31 – Évariste Galois, French mathematician (b. 1811)
* June 1 – Jean Maximilien Lamarque, French general and politician (b. 1770)
*
June 5 – Kaahumanu, queen consort of Hawaii (b. 1768)
* June 6 – Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher (b. 1748)
* June 10 – Joseph Hiester, American politician (b. 1752)
* June 21 – Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1754)
* June 23 – Sir James Hall, 4th Baronet, James Hall, Scottish geologist (b. 1761)
July–December

* July 22 – Napoleon II of France (b. 1811)
* July 31 – Edward Abbott (jurist), Edward Abbott, Australian soldier, politician and judge (b. 1766)
* August 24 – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, French military engineer and physicist (b. 1796)
* September 1 – Joseph Kinghorn, Particular Baptist Minister (b. 1766)
* September 2 – Franz Xaver von Zach, Austrian scientific editor and astronomer (b. 1754)
* September 21 – Sir Walter Scott, Scottish poet and novelist (b. 1771)
* September 27 – Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, German philosopher (b. 1781)
* October 11 – Thomas Hardy (political reformer), Thomas Hardy, British political reformer (b. 1752)
* October 31 – Antonio Scarpa, Italian anatomist (b. 1752)
* November 8 – Marie-Jeanne de Lalande, French astronomer and mathematician (b. 1768)
* November 12
** Henry Eckford (shipbuilder), Henry Eckford, Scottish-born American shipbuilder, naval architect, industrial engineer, and entrepreneur (b. 1775)
** Barnaba Oriani, Italian priest (b. 1752)
* November 14 – Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and U.S. Senator (b. 1737)
* November 15 – Jean-Baptiste Say, French economist, originator of Say's law (b. 1767)
* December 18 – Philip Freneau, American poet and journalist (b. 1752)
* December 29 – James Hillhouse, American politician and congressman from Connecticut, 1791 until 1810 (b. 1754)
* ''undated'' – Birgithe Kühle, Norwegian journalist (b. 1762)
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1832
1832,
Leap years in the Gregorian calendar