Events

Notable events during this year include: * Coup, war, and legislation in England and its territories. ** The overthrow of Catholic king James of England, Ireland, and Scotland in the

Glorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution, also known as the Revolution of 1688, was the deposition of James II and VII, James II and VII in November 1688. He was replaced by his daughter Mary II, Mary II and her Dutch husband, William III of Orange ...

. ** The latter realms entering the Nine Years War and its expansion to the American colonies in the King William's War. ** The Bill of Rights becomes law in England. * Japanese writer Bashō goes on a voyage, resulting in the classic '' Narrow Road to the Interior''. * The death of Pope Innocent XI and the election of the 241st Pope Alexander VIII. * The

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...

wins the Battle of Niš, fought against the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

. * Morocco wins in the Siege of Larache against Spain. *

Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...

decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China.

January–March

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

(January 12, 1688 O.S.) –

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

: The Convention Parliament is convened to determine if King

James II of England James II and VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was King of England and Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II of England, Charles II, on 6 February 1 ...

, the last

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

British monarch, vacated the throne when he fled to France, at the end of 1688. The settlement of this is agreed on 8 February. *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...

– The first performance of the opera '' Henrico Leone'' composed by Agostino Steffani takes place in

Hannover Hanover ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Lower Saxony. Its population of 535,932 (2021) makes it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-l ...

to inaugurate the new royal theatre in the Leineschloss. *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...

–

John Locke John Locke (; 29 August 1632 (Old Style and New Style dates, O.S.) – 28 October 1704 (Old Style and New Style dates, O.S.)) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thi ...

returned to London from exile in Holland. *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone o ...

(February 13, 1688 O.S.) – William III and Mary II are proclaimed co-rulers of

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

and

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

. *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost ...

–

Nine Years' War The Nine Years' War was a European great power conflict from 1688 to 1697 between Kingdom of France, France and the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), Grand Alliance. Although largely concentrated in Europe, fighting spread to colonial poss ...

: As French forces leave, they set fire to Heidelberg Castle, and the nearby town of

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; ; ) is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fifth-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with a population of about 163,000, of which roughly a quarter consists of studen ...

. *

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthel ...

(March 12 O.S.) – Start of the Williamite War in Ireland: The deposed

lands with 6,000 French soldiers in Ireland, where there is a

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

majority, hoping to use it as the base for a counter-coup. However, many Irish Catholics see him as an agent of

Louis XIV of France LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...

, and refuse to support him. * March 27 – Japanese

haiku is a type of short form poetry that originated in Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases composed of 17 Mora (linguistics), morae (called ''On (Japanese prosody), on'' in Japanese) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern; that include a ''kire ...

master Bashō sets out on his last great voyage, which will result in the prose and verse classic '' Oku no Hosomichi'' ("Narrow Road to the Interior").

April–June

* April 4 – A total

lunar eclipse A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, ...

is visible in central Asia. * April 11 (O.S.) – William III and Mary II are crowned in London as King and Queen of

and

. Ireland does not recognise them yet, while the Estates of Scotland declare King James VII of Scotland deposed. * April 18 ** Boston revolt: Unpopular

New England New England is a region consisting of six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York (state), New York to the west and by the ...

Governor Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a "mob" of

Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...

ians. Andros, an appointee of

, is disliked for his support of the

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the State religion#State churches, established List of Christian denominations, Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies. It is the mother church of the Anglicanism, Anglican Christian tradition, ...

and revocation of various colonial charters. ** The Siege of Derry begins in Ireland as former King James II arrives at the gates of

Derry Derry, officially Londonderry, is the second-largest City status in the United Kingdom, city in Northern Ireland, and the fifth-largest on the island of Ireland. Located in County Londonderry, the city now covers both banks of the River Fo ...

and asks for its surrender during the Williamite War in Ireland. The

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

defenders refuse and the siege lasts until August 1 when it is abandoned. . * April 19 - A fire in Amalienborg-palace in Copenhagen killed 180 people. *

May 11 Events Pre-1600 * 330 – Constantine the Great dedicates the much-expanded and rebuilt city of Byzantium, changing its name to New Rome and declaring it the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. *868 – A copy of the Diamond Sūtr ...

(May 1 O.S.) **The Battle of Bantry Bay begins during the Williamite War in Ireland as the French fleet under the Marquis de Châteaurenault is able to protect its transports, unloading supplies for James II, from the English

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...

under the Earl of Torrington, and withdraws unpursued. **William and Mary accept the Scottish throne a month after the Scottish Parliament votes to depose King James VII *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the ...

–

: With England and the Netherlands now both ruled by William III, they join the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), thus escalating the conflict, which continues until 1697. This is also the effective beginning of King William's War, the first of four North American Wars (until 1763) between English and French colonists, both sides allied to Native American tribes. The nature of the fighting is a series of raids on each other's settlements, across the Canadian and

borders. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus ...

– The Act of Toleration, drawn up by the Convention Parliament of England to protect

Protestants Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

but with Roman Catholics intentionally excluded, is passed; this effectively concludes the

. *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...

– The last hearth tax is collected in

England and Wales England and Wales () is one of the Law of the United Kingdom#Legal jurisdictions, three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. It covers the constituent countries England and Wales and was formed by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. Th ...

. * May 31 – Leisler's Rebellion:

Calvinist Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed Protestantism, Continenta ...

Jacob Leisler deposes lieutenant governor Francis Nicholson and assumes control of the

Province of New York The Province of New York was a British proprietary colony and later a royal colony on the northeast coast of North America from 1664 to 1783. It extended from Long Island on the Atlantic, up the Hudson River and Mohawk River valleys to ...

. * June 5 – The Convention of Estates adjourns in Scotland after 11 weeks and its members form a new Scottish parliament. * June 14 – The Duke of Gordon, a Scottish peer and Jacobite supporter, surrenders

Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle is a historic castle in Edinburgh, Scotland. It stands on Castle Rock (Edinburgh), Castle Rock, which has been occupied by humans since at least the Iron Age. There has been a royal castle on the rock since the reign of Malcol ...

to Protestant attackers after holding out for 20 days following the

July–September

* July 25 – The Council of Wales and the Marches is abolished. * July 27 – First Jacobite rising: Battle of Killiecrankie near Pitlochry in

Perthshire Perthshire (Scottish English, locally: ; ), officially the County of Perth, is a Shires of Scotland, historic county and registration county in central Scotland. Geographically it extends from Strathmore, Angus and Perth & Kinross, Strathmore ...

– Scottish Covenanter supporters of William III and Mary II (under Hugh Mackay) are defeated by Jacobite supporters of James II, but the latter's leader, John Graham, Viscount Dundee, is killed.

Hand grenade A grenade is a small explosive weapon typically thrown by hand (also called hand grenade), but can also refer to a Shell (projectile), shell (explosive projectile) shot from the muzzle of a rifle (as a rifle grenade) or a grenade launcher. A mod ...

s are used in action. *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known t ...

– English sailors break through a floating boom across the River Foyle, to end the siege of Derry after 105 days. * August 2 – Boston Revolt: Edmund Andros, former governor of the

Dominion of New England The Dominion of New England in America (1686–1689) was a short-lived administrative union of English colonies covering all of New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies, with the exception of the Delaware Colony and the Province of Pennsylvani ...

, escapes from Boston to

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

, but is recaptured. * August 5 – Beaver Wars: Lachine massacre – A force of 1,500 Iroquois largely destroys the village of Lachine,

New France New France (, ) was the territory colonized by Kingdom of France, France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Kingdom of Great Br ...

. * August 12 – Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi, b. 1611), Pope since 1676, dies. He played a major part in founding both the League of Augsburg, against Louis XIV, and the Holy League, against the Ottoman Empire. * August 20 – A large Williamite force under Marshal Schomberg begins the siege of Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland, which surrenders on August 27. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...

– First Jacobite rising: Battle of Dunkeld – Covenanters defeat the Jacobites in Scotland. *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Ca ...

**Roman Catholic cardinals convene in Rome for a papal conclave to elect a successor to Pope Innocent XI. The conclave lasts until October 6. **Gravely ill, the Empress Xiaoyiren is proclaimed empress by her husband, China's Kangxi Emperor, after having been Imperial Noble Consort since 1682. She dies the next day. * August 27 –

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

and

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

sign the Treaty of Nerchinsk. * September 8 – The Siege of

Mainz Mainz (; #Names and etymology, see below) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and with around 223,000 inhabitants, it is List of cities in Germany by population, Germany's 35th-largest city. It lies in ...

(in the modern-day Rheinland-Pfalz state of Germany), which had started on June 1, ends after almost three months, as French General Nicolas Chalon du Blé surrenders the walled city to the armies of Austria and the Dutch Republic. * September 9 – King William brings England into a military alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a fight against France in the Nine Years War. * September 24 – The Holy Roman Empire wins the Battle of Niš, fought against the Ottoman Empire during the Great Turkish War in modern-day

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

. * September 28– 29 – A total

is visible in eastern America, western Europe and west Africa.

October–December

* October 6 – The papal conclave in Rome unanimously elects Pietro Vito Ottoboni as the new Pope. Ottoboni takes the name Alexander VIII and succeeds Pope Innocent XI, to become the 241st pope, the first Venetian to hold the office in over 200 years. * October 26 – Skopje fire of 1689 occurs, lasting for two days and burning much of the city. *

November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, '' Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of th ...

– The Siege of Larache in Morocco ends when the Spanish troops surrender to Mawlay Ismail and the Moroccan forces. * November 22 –

decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China. * December 10 – A great

comet A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called outgassing. This produces an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere or Coma (cometary), coma surrounding ...

is visible from Pekin and sightings continue until December 24th, including many from Dutch ships near the equator. * December 16 – The Bill of Rights (''An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown''), drawn up by the Convention Parliament of England to establish

constitutional monarchy Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions. ...

in England, but with Roman Catholics barred from the throne, receives

royal assent Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in othe ...

; it will remain substantially in force into the 21st century. * December 22 – A serious earthquake strikes

Innsbruck Innsbruck (; ) is the capital of Tyrol (federal state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the Wipptal, Wipp Valley, which provides access to the ...

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

Date unknown

plots to overthrow his half-sister Sophia as

regent In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...

of Russia. * Supporters of William of Orange seize Liverpool Castle in the north west of England. * The English

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...

expands its influence, and a Committee of the

House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the Bicameralism, bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of ...

is formed to deal with the concerns of the Company. * Valvasor's '' The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola'' is printed in

Nuremberg Nuremberg (, ; ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the Franconia#Towns and cities, largest city in Franconia, the List of cities in Bavaria by population, second-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Bav ...

. * The first documented performance of the opera '' Dido and Aeneas'' by Henry Purcell takes place at Josias Priest's girls' school in

Chelsea, London Chelsea is an area in West London, England, due south-west of Kilometre zero#Great Britain, Charing Cross by approximately . It lies on the north bank of the River Thames and for postal purposes is part of the SW postcode area, south-western p ...

, with a libretto based on

Virgil Publius Vergilius Maro (; 15 October 70 BC21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Rome, ancient Roman poet of the Augustan literature (ancient Rome), Augustan period. He composed three of the most fa ...

's ''

Aeneid The ''Aeneid'' ( ; or ) is a Latin Epic poetry, epic poem that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Troy, Trojan who fled the Trojan War#Sack of Troy, fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Ancient Rome ...

''. *

suffers a

smallpox Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by Variola virus (often called Smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus '' Orthopoxvirus''. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (W ...

epidemic.

Births

Pierre-Joseph_Alary_-_Versailles_MV_2971

January

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...

– Robert Murray, Brigadier-General, Scottish soldier, Member of Parliament (d. 1738) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

– Charles Parkin, English clergyman and antiquarian (d. 1765) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Roman emperor, Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. *1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to set ...

– Giovanni Gaetano Bottari, Italian scholar and critic (d. 1775) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...

– Edmond Jean François Barbier, French historian (d. 1771) *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...

** Montesquieu, French social commentator and political thinker (d. 1755) ** Jan Abel Wassenbergh, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1750) *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...

– Daniel Henchman, bookseller (d. 1761) *

– Philibert Orry, French politician (d. 1747) *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 ...

– Joseph Ames, English bibliographer and antiquary (d. 1759) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...

– Gaspare Diziani, Italian painter (d. 1767) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...

– James Rait, Bishop of Brechin (d. 1777)

February

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

– Thomas Jenner, English academic (d. 1768) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

– Blas de Lezo, admiral of the Spanish Empire (d. 1741) *

– Leonardo Antonio Olivieri, Italian painter (d. 1752) * c.

– Samuel Bellamy, English pirate captain (d. 1717) *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantin ...

** Pietro Gnocchi, Italian composer (d. 1775) ** John Roosevelt, American businessman and alderman (d. 1750) ** Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental, German noble (d. 1709)

March

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 ...

– Thomas Ingoldsby, British politician (d. 1768) * March 3 – Mattias Alexander von Ungern-Sternberg, Swedish politician and field marshal (d. 1763) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...

– Charles-Michel Mesaiger, Jesuit priest (d.

1766 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new House of Stuart, Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism. * Januar ...

) *

March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the veneration of icons in the Orthodox churches in the Byzantine Empire. * 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last Bishop of Prague (3 March 13 ...

** Roger Handasyd, British Army officer (d. 1763) ** Nanbu Toshimoto, mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, the 6th daimyō of Morioka Domain (d. 1725) *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...

– Pierre-Joseph Alary, French ecclesiastic and writer (d. 1770) *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 *1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. *1600 – The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden: five Swedish n ...

– Thomas Robie, Colonial American scientist and physician (d. 1729) *

March 25 Until 1752 it was the official date of the beginning of the year in England and its dominions (in the Julian calendar). Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The Southern Yan capital of Guanggu falls to the Jin dynasty general Liu Yu, ending th ...

– Peder Hersleb, Norwegian bishop (d. 1757) * March 26 – Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria, Austrian Royal (d. 1743)

April

April 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...

– Arthur Dobbs, Irish politician, governor of the Province of North Carolina (d. 1765) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...

– William Holmes, English academic and Dean of Exeter (d. 1748) *

April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...

– William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine, Scottish army officer and Jacobite leader (d. 1746) * April 15 – Richard Ward, American colonial governor (d. 1763) * April 18 – Marie Anne de Bourbon, French noble (d. 1720) *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...

– Johann Jakob Fried, German obstetrician (d. 1769) *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

– Giovanni Antonio Faldoni, Italian painter and engraver (d. 1770) * April 30 – Jean-Jacques Amelot de Chaillou, French politician (d. 1749)

May

* May 1 – Martha Fowke, English poet (d. 1736) * May 2 – Franz de Paula Ferg, Austrian painter (d. 1740) * May 5 – John Tufts, American minister and music educator (d. 1750) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

– José Manso de Velasco, 1st Count of Superunda, Royal Governor of Chile (d. 1767) *

– Heinrich Karl Ludwig de Herault, Prussian Army general (d. 1757) * May 15 – Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, writer and poet from England (d. 1762) * May 16 – Samuel Adams Sr., American brewer (d. 1748) * May 21 – André-François Deslandes, French philosopher (d. 1757) *

– Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, British politician (d. 1769) * May 27 – Andreas Jakob von Dietrichstein, Archbishop of Salzburg (d. 1753) * May 28 – Maximilian of Hesse-Kassel, German prince (d. 1753) * May 29 – Louis de Gramont, 6th Duke of Gramont, French general (d. 1745)

June

June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...

– Henri François, comte de Ségur, French general (d. 1751) * June 2 – Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, British politician, bibliophile, collector and patron of the arts (d. 1741) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointe ...

– Algernon Coote, 6th Earl of Mountrath, Irish politician (d. 1744) * June 7 – Antoine Louis Rouillé, French noble (d. 1761) * June 12 – Sir Richard Grosvenor, 4th Baronet, British politician; (d. 1732) * June 19 – Montague Blundell, 1st Viscount Blundell, Irish Viscount (d. 1756) * June 23 – George Hay, 8th Earl of Kinnoull, British diplomat (d. 1758) * June 24 – Giovanni Casini, Portrait painter and sculptor (d. 1748) *

June 26 Events Pre-1600 *4 AD, 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. * 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian (emperor), J ...

** Edward Holyoke, American academic administrator, 9th president of Harvard (d. 1769) ** James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater, English noble (d. 1716)

July

* July 6 – Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1763) * July 9 – Alexis Piron, French writer (d. 1773) * July 14 – Antoine Gaubil, French missionary (d. 1759) * July 15 – Mary Montagu, Duchess of Montagu (d. 1751) * July 16 – Samuel Molyneux, Irish politician (d. 1728) * July 17 – Christian, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried-Rheinfels (d. 1755) * July 21 – John Quincy, American soldier and politician (d. 1767) * July 22 – Szymon Czechowicz, Polish artist (d. 1775) * July 24 – Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, son of Queen Anne (d. 1700) * July 26 – Maria Anna Josepha Althann, Spanish noble (d. 1755)

August

August 1 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt u ...

– Pedro de Calatayud, writer (d. 1773) * August 3 – Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny, Marshal of France (d.

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Sea captain, Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution (1771), HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS Discovery (1774), HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu, Oʻahu th ...

) * August 4 – James Cotter the Younger, Leader of the Catholics of Cork (d. 1720) * August 7 – Henric Benzelius, Swedish archbishop (d. 1758) * August 8 – Wenzel Lorenz Reiner, Czech painter (d. 1743) * August 19 – Samuel Richardson, English writer and printer (d. 1761) *

– Josep Prades i Gallent, Organist and composer (d. 1757)

September

* September 1 **

Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer (; 1 September 1689 – 18 December 1751) was a German Bohemians, German Bohemian architect of the Baroque architecture, Baroque era. He is among the most prolific and renowned architects of his era in Bohemia. He was bo ...

, Czech architect (d. 1751) ** Philipp Segesser, Swiss missionary (d. 1762) *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus Fall of the Western Roman Empire, ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, Posthumous name, posthumously known as ...

** Hugh Bethell, British Member of Parliament (d. 1747) ** Thomas Lawrence, American mayor (d. 1754) ** Anna Sophie Schack, Danish noblewoman (d. 1760) * September 13 – Johan Fredrik Peringskiöld, Swedish translator (d. 1725) * September 17 – Ferdinand Charles, comte d'Aspremont-Lynden, army general (d. 1772) * September 18 – Gabriel Malagrida, Italian missionary (d. 1761) * September 21 – Jan Klemens Branicki, Polish noble (d. 1771) * September 22 – Catharina Backer, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d.

) * September 23 – Antonio Denzio, Italian opera singer (d. 1763) * September 24 – Johann Adam Steinmetz, German pastor (d. 1762) * September 26 – Nijō Yoshitada, Japanese noble (d. 1737) * September 27 – Edward Stanley, 11th Earl of Derby, English noble and politician (d. 1776) * September 29 – Henry Perrot, British Member of Parliament (d. 1740) *

September 30 Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture thei ...

– Jacques Aubert, French composer and violinist (d. 1753)

October

* October 10 – Francesco Maria Pratilli, Italian priest, antiquarian, famed for skilled forgeries (d. 1763) * October 15 – Nicolas-Ignace de Beaubois, French missionary (d. 1770) * October 22 ** King John V of Portugal, Portuguese king (d. 1750) ** Matthew Skinner, English serjeant-at-law, judge and politician (d. 1749) * October 29 – Tokugawa Yoshimichi, daimyo (d. 1713) * October 31 – Mildmay Fane, British politician (d. 1715)

November

* November 2 ** Michael Cox, Anglican archbishop in Ireland (d. 1779) ** Charles-François Panard, French chansonnier and poet (d. 1765) ** Joan Paul Schaghen, Dutch governor (d. 1746) * November 3 ** Jan Josef Ignác Brentner, Czech composer (d. 1742) ** John Crowley, British Member of Parliament (d. 1728) * November 4 – Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal, Portuguese nobleman and statesman (d. 1742) * November 6 ** Reynolds Calthorpe, politician (d. 1714) ** Christoph Schütz, German theologian (d. 1750) * November 8 – Henry XXXV, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (d. 1758) * November 17 – Jean François Foppens, Flemish historian (d. 1761) * November 21 – Jacques I, Prince of Monaco, Prince consort of Monaco (d. 1751) *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 528 – Antioch suffers its second major earthquake in two years, killing thousands and destroying its remaining edifice. * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert ...

– Johann Theodor Eller, German chemist and physician (d. 1760) * November 30 ** Lars Gathenhielm, Swedish privateer (d. 1718) ** Joseph Wamps, French painter (d. 1744)

December

* December 1 – Hieronymus Albrecht Hass, harpsichord maker (d. 1752) * December 4 – Gottfried Lengnich, historian and politician (d. 1774) * December 8 – Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Titular margrave of Brandenburg, imperial general (d. 1734) * December 11 – Ignatius van der Beken, Flemish painter (d. 1774) * December 14 – Agostino Veracini, Italian painter (d. 1762) * December 21 – Arthur Ingram, 6th Viscount of Irvine, British peer and politician (d. 1736) * December 23 – Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer (d. 1755) * December 24 – Frans van Mieris the Younger, Dutch painter (d. 1763) * December 27 – Jacob August Franckenstein, Encyclopedia editor, professor (d. 1733)

Deaths

January

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

** Cristoforo Ivanovich, Venetian historian and librettist of Serb origin (b. 1628) ** Bishop Seth Ward, Bishop of Salisbury, mathematician and astronomer (b. 1617) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. * 1038 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimate ...

– Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1632) *

– Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare, English politician (b. 1633) *

** Ernest Günther I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (b. 1609) ** Humphrey Lloyd, British bishop (b. 1610) *

– Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron Waldegrave, English peer and Jacobite supporter (b. 1661) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...

** Robert Aske, merchant & haberdasher in the City of London (b. 1619) ** Sir Henry Beaumont, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1638) ** Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, English noble and colonial governor of Virginia (b. 1635) *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...

– Bernardino Corniani, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Pula (b. 1626) *

– Maria van Cortlandt van Rensselaer, Dutch director of Rensselaerswyck (Albany, New York) (b. 1645) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...

– Manuel de Herrera, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Durango (b. 1635)

February

– Sir John Borlase, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b.

1642 Events January–March * January 4 – King Charles I of England, accompanied by soldiers, arrives at a session of the Long Parliament and attempts to arrest his chief opponents, the Five Members, John Hampden, Arthur Haselri ...

) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

– Moshe ben Yonatan Galante, Ottoman rabbi (b. 1621) *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...

– William Coddington Jr., Rhode Island colonial governor (b. 1651) *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...

– Metcalfe Robinson, English politician (b. 1629) *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...

– Sir John Gell, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1613) *

– Marie Louise d'Orléans, Queen of Spain as the wife of King Charles II (b. 1662) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...

– Carlo Pio di Savoia, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1622) *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna. * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...

– Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, Spanish politician and military personnel (b. 1635) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...

– Khushal Khattak, Afghan poet (b. 1613) *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...

– Isaac Vossius, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1618) *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Fer ...

– Willem Ogier, Flemish playwright (b. 1618) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...

– Elsa Elisabeth Brahe, Swedish countess and duchess (b. 1632) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...

– Thomas Benedict, American settler (b. 1617)

March

– Franz Johann von Vogt von Altensumerau und Prasberg, Bishop of Constance (b. 1611) *

March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem '' Shahnameh''. * 1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between ...

– Alexander Parker, British minister (b. 1628) *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, Posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the Annals of Quedlinburg, annals of the mo ...

– François Adhémar de Monteil, French priest, Bishop of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux (b. 1603) *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes ...

– Philip Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (b. 1620) *

** Kim Ik-hun, Korean General and philosopher, soldier, politician (b. 1619) ** Sambhaji, High Protector of the

Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Ma ...

(b. 1657) *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...

– Anthony Coucheron, Norwegian engineer (b. 1650) *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman R ...

– Yolo, Qing dynasty prince (b. 1625) * March 18 – John Dixwell, regicide (b. 1607) * March 24 ** Thomas Ballard, American politician (b. 1630) ** Michiel ten Hove, Grand Pensionary of Holland (b. 1640) * March 26 – Gabriel Milan, Governor of the Danish West Indies (b. 1631) *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of Venice. * 1461 – Battle of Towton: Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England, bringing a ...

– Sir John Hotham, 2nd Baronet, Member of the House of Commons of England (b. 1632) * March 30 – Kazimierz Łyszczyński, Polish philosopher (b. 1634) * March 31 – Tommaso Caracciolo, Bishop of Gerace (b. 1640)

April

* April 4 – Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria, youngest surviving daughter of Ferdinand III (b. 1654) * April 12 – John Hunting, first ruling elder of the church of Dedham, Massachusetts (b. 1602) *

– Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, Italian noble (b. 1637) * April 16 – Aphra Behn, British playwright, poet and spy (b. 1640) * April 18 – George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, Welsh judge, aka the Hanging Judge (b. 1645) * April 19 – Christina, Queen of Sweden, ruled from 1632 until abdication in 1654 (b. 1626) * April 22 – Thomas Proby, English politician (b. 1632)

May

– Charles Goodall, English poet (b. 1671) *

– Sir John Reresby, 2nd Baronet, English politician and diarist (b. 1634) * May 15 – Jean Paul Médaille, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1618) * May 20 – Estevão Brioso de Figueiredo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Funchal of Olinda (b. 1630) * May 23 – Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar, Scottish noble (b. 1650) *

– Charles Errard, French painter (b. 1606)

June

* June 4 – René Gaultier de Varennes, New France governor (b. 1635) * June 7 – Alphonse de Berghes, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1624) * June 8 – Decio Azzolino, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1623) * June 9 – François Bonnemer, French painter and engraver (b. 1638) * June 10 – Christophe Veyrier, sculptor (b. 1637) *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...

– William Annand, Minister of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England (b. 1633) * June 14 – Conyers Darcy, 1st Earl of Holderness, English noble (b. 1598) * June 17 ** Jan Baptist de Crépu, Flemish painter and army officer (b. 1631) ** Marcin Zamoyski, Polish noble (b. 1637) *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, startin ...

** Willem Coucheron, Dutch general in the Dano-Norwegian army (b. 1600) ** Richard Sherlock, English Anglican priest (b. 1612) * June 21 – Thomas Blanchet, French painter (b. 1614) * June 25 – William Thomas, Welsh Anglican bishop (b. 1613) * June 27 – Richard Waldron, colonial settler, acting President of the Province of New Hampshire (b. 1615) * June 28 – Thomas Mainwaring, English politician (b. 1623)

July

* July 1 – Anne Crawford-Lindsay, Scottish nobility (b. 1631) * July 2 – Edward Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham (b. 1620) * July 7 – Princess Louise of Savoy, Hereditary Princess of Baden-Baden (b. 1627) * July 8 ** Menahem Mendel Auerbach, Austrian banker and rabbi (b. 1620) ** Edward Wooster, English Connecticut pioneer (b. 1622) * July 19 – Song Si-yeol, Korean philosopher (b. 1607) * July 23 – Frederick Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg, German noble (b. 1665) * July 27 – John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (b. 1648)

August

* August 6 – Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Electress of Brandenburg (b. 1636) * August 9 – Dionisio Lazzari, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1617) * August 12 – Pope Innocent XI, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1611) *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 &ndash ...

– Count Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (b. 1636) * August 15 – John Gregory, Connecticut settler (b. 1612) * August 17 ** William Boynton, English politician (b.

1641 Events January–March * January 4 – The stratovolcano Mount Parker (Philippines), Mount Parker in the Philippines has a major eruption. * January 14 – Battle of Malacca (1641), The Battle of Malacca concludes with the D ...

) ** Thomas Street (astronomer), Thomas Street, astronomer (b. 1621) * August 20 – Antonio Marinari, Roman Catholic prelate, Auxiliary Bishop of Ostia-Velletri, Titular Bishop of Thagaste (b. 1605) *

– William Cleland (poet), William Cleland, Scottish poet and soldier (b. c. 1661) * August 28 ** Claude-Jean Allouez, French Jesuit missionary and explorer of North America (b. 1622) ** Alexander Coosemans, Flemish still life painter (b. 1627) * August 29 – Curwen Rawlinson (MP), Curwen Rawlinson, English politician (b.

) * August 30 – John Lake (bishop), John Lake, English bishop (b. 1624)

September

* September 6 – Torii Tadanori, Daimyo who ruled the Takatō Domain in Shinano Province (b. 1646) * September 9 – Jane Lane, Lady Fisher, English Royalist (b. 1626) * September 10 – John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse, English politician and noble (b. 1614) * September 13 – Ciro Ferri, Italian painter, engraver, sculptor and architect (b. 1634) * September 15 ** Balthasar Cellarius, German theologian (b. 1614) ** Timoléon Cheminais de Montaigu, French theologian (b. 1652) * September 18 – Sir Richard Head, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1600) * September 26 – August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1652) *

– Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, Bohemian noble (b.

)

October

* October 1 – Alexander Voet the Elder, Flemish engraver (b. 1608) * October 4 – Quirinus Kuhlmann, German Baroque poet and mystic (b. 1651) * October 11 – Fyodor Shaklovity, Russian diplomat (b. 1640) * October 13 – George Ent, English scientist and physician; (b. 1604) * October 14 – Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Swedish prince (b. 1629) * October 15 – Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1650) * October 24 – Stephan Farffler, German inventor (b. 1633) * October 25 – Joseph Maynard, English politician (b. 1639) * October 30 – Pier Antonio Capobianco, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lacedonia (b. 1619)

November

* November 9 – Enea Silvio Piccolomini (general), Enea Silvio Piccolomini, imperial general (b. 1651) * November 12 – Justus de Verwer, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1625) * November 13 ** Matteo Borboni, Italian painter (b. 1610) ** Philipp von Zesen, German poet (b. 1619) * November 16 – Cornelis Mahu, Flemish painter (b. 1613) * November 18 – Jacob van der Ulft, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1621) * November 19 – Elizabeth Cavendish, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman; (b. 1619) * November 20 – Samuel Peterson, American city founder (b. 1639) * November 24 – Carey Dillon, 5th Earl of Roscommon, Irish nobleman and professional soldier (b. 1627) * November 26 – Marquard Gude, German archaeologist (b. 1635)

December

* December 2 – George Speke (politician, died 1689), George Speke, English politician (b. 1623) * December 6 – Pjetër Bogdani, Albanian priest and writer (b. c. 1630) * December 12 – Louis Ferdinand Elle the Elder, French painter (b. 1612) * December 15 – Anne Neville (abbess), Anne Neville, abbess of Pontoise (b. 1605) * December 16 ** Cornelis Geelvinck, Dutch mayor (b. 1621) ** Thomas Wyndham (of Witham Friary), Thomas Wyndham, English Member of Parliament (b. 1640) * December 25 – Oliver Montagu, English Member of Parliament (b. 1655) * December 27 – Gervase Bryan, English clergyman (b. 1622) * December 28 – Pietro Montanini, Italian painter (b. 1626) * December 29 ** Olfert Dapper, Dutch physician and writer (b. 1636) ** George Kinnaird, 1st Lord Kinnaird, Scottish aristocrat (b. 1622) ** Françoise Bertaut de Motteville, French writer (b. 1621) ** Thomas Sydenham, English physician (b. 1624) * December 31 ** Felipe Fernandez de Pardo, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Manila (b. 1611) ** Gilbert de Choiseul Duplessis Praslin, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1613) ** Anders Sinclair, Scottish soldier who joined Swedish service during the Thirty Years' War (b. 1614)

References

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