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Jacobitism
Jacobitism was a political ideology advocating the restoration of the senior line of the House of Stuart to the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, British throne. When James II of England chose exile after the November 1688 Glorious Revolution, the Parliament of England ruled he had "abandoned" the English throne, which was given to his Protestant daughter Mary II of England, and his nephew, her husband William III of England, William III. On the same basis, in April the Convention of Estates (1689), Scottish Convention awarded Mary and William the throne of Scotland. The Revolution created the principle of a contract between monarch and people, which if violated meant the monarch could be removed. A key tenet of Jacobitism was that kings were appointed by God, making the post-1688 regime illegitimate. However, it also functioned as an outlet for popular discontent, and thus was a complex mix of ideas, many opposed by the Stuarts themselves. Conflict between Charles Edward Stuar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacobite Rising Of 1745
The Jacobite rising of 1745 was an attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the Monarchy of Great Britain, British throne for his father, James Francis Edward Stuart. It took place during the War of the Austrian Succession, when the bulk of the British Army was fighting in mainland Europe, and proved to be the last in Jacobite risings, a series of revolts that began in Jacobite rising of 1689, March 1689, with major outbreaks in Jacobite rising of 1715, 1715 and Jacobite rising of 1719, 1719. Charles launched the rebellion on 19 August 1745 at Glenfinnan in the Scottish Highlands, capturing Edinburgh and winning the Battle of Prestonpans in September. At a council in October, the Scots agreed to invade England after Charles assured them of substantial support from English Jacobitism, Jacobites and a simultaneous French landing in Southern England. On that basis, the Jacobite Army (1745), Jacobite army entered England in early November, but neither of these assurances proved ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution, also known as the Revolution of 1688, was the deposition of James II and VII, James II and VII in November 1688. He was replaced by his daughter Mary II, Mary II and her Dutch husband, William III of Orange (William III and II), a nephew of James who thereby had an interest to the throne irrespective of his marriage to his cousin Mary. The two ruled as joint monarchs of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland until Mary's death in 1694, when William became ruler in his own right. Jacobitism, the political movement that aimed to restore the exiled James or his descendants of the House of Stuart to the throne, persisted into the late 18th century. William's invasion was the last successful invasion of England. Despite his own Catholicism, usually an impediment to Protestant support, James became king in February 1685 with widespread backing from the Protestant majorities in England and Scotla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Edward Stuart
Charles Edward Louis John Sylvester Maria Casimir Stuart (31 December 1720 – 30 January 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart, making him the grandson of James VII and II, and the Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1766 as Charles III. During his lifetime, he was also known as "the Young Pretender" and "the Young Chevalier"; in popular memory, he is known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. Born in Rome to the exiled Stuart court, he spent much of his early and later life in Italy. In 1744, he travelled to France to take part in a planned invasion to restore the Stuart monarchy under his father. When storms partly wrecked the French fleet, Charles resolved to proceed to Scotland following discussion with leading Jacobites. This resulted in Charles landing by ship on the west coast of Scotland, leading to the Jacobite rising of 1745. The Jacobite forces under Charles initially achieved several victories in the field, including the Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Benedict Stuart
Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York (6 March 1725 – 13 July 1807) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal, and was the third and final Jacobitism, Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones of Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland, as the younger grandson of King James II of England. One of the longest-serving cardinals in history, Henry spent his whole life in the Papal States and became the dean of the College of Cardinals and cardinal-bishop of Ostia and Velletri. Unlike his father James Francis Edward Stuart (''The Old Pretender'') and elder brother Charles Edward Stuart (''The Young Pretender'' or ''Bonnie Prince Charlie''), Henry made no effort to seize the thrones. After Charles's death in 1788, Henry became known by Jacobites as Henry IX and I, but the Papacy did not recognise Henry as the lawful ruler of Great Britain and Ireland and instead referred to him as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Murray (general)
Lord George Murray (4 October 1694 – 11 October 1760), sixth son of John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl, was a Scottish nobleman and soldier who took part in the Jacobite rebellions of Jacobite rising of 1715, 1715 and Jacobite rising of 1719, 1719 and played a senior role in that of Jacobite rising of 1745, 1745. Pardoned in 1725, he returned to Scotland, where he married and in 1739 took the oath of allegiance to George II of Great Britain, George II. When the 1745 Rising began, Murray was appointed sheriff principal, sheriff depute to John Cope (British Army officer), Sir John Cope, government commander in Scotland but then joined the Jacobite army when it arrived in Perth, Scotland, Perth on 3 September. As one of the senior commanders, he made a substantial contribution to their early success, particularly reaching and successfully returning from Derby. However, his support for the Acts of Union 1707, 1707 Union set him apart from the majority of Scottish Jacobites, and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Williamite War In Ireland
The Williamite War in Ireland took place from March 1689 to October 1691. Fought between Jacobitism, Jacobite supporters of James II of England, James II and those of his successor, William III of England, William III, it resulted in a Williamite victory. It is generally viewed as a related conflict of the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War. The November 1688 Glorious Revolution replaced the Catholic James with his Protestant daughter Mary II and her husband William, who ruled as joint monarchs of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland, and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland. However, James retained considerable support in largely Catholic Ireland, where it was hoped he would address long-standing grievances on land ownership, religion, and civic rights. The war began in March 1689 with a series of skirmishes between James's Irish Royal Army, Irish Army, which had stayed loyal in 1688, and Army of the North (Ireland), Protestant militia. Fighting culminated in the siege o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Erskine, Earl Of Mar (1675–1732)
John Erskine, 23rd and 6th Earl of Mar and 1st Duke of Mar Order of the Thistle, KT (1675 – May 1732), was a Scotland, Scottish nobleman and a key figure in the Jacobitism, Jacobite movement. He held the title of the 23rd Earl of Mar from the earldom's first creation and was the sixth earl in its seventh creation (of 1565). Erskine, often remembered for his political adaptability, navigated the complex and shifting landscape of early 18th-century British politics. As the eldest son of Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar, Charles, the 22nd and 5th Earl of Mar, Erskine inherited estates that were facing financial challenges. In 1714, following the ascension of George I of Great Britain, George I, he found himself without official office and subsequently championed the Jacobite cause. He raised an army to contest the Hanoverian rule, leading his forces at the Battle of Sheriffmuir in November 1715. Despite having a numerical advantage, the battle concluded inconclusively. After the sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacobite Rising Of 1719
The Jacobite Rising of 1719 was a failed attempt to restore the exiled James Francis Edward Stuart to the throne of Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain. Part of a series of Jacobitism, Jacobite risings between 1689 and 1745, it was supported by Enlightenment in Spain, Spain, then at war with Britain during the War of the Quadruple Alliance. The main part of the plan called for 5,000 Spanish troops to land in South West England, with a subsidiary landing in Scotland by an Swedish Empire, expeditionary force, led by Charles XII of Sweden. To facilitate this, Scottish Jacobites would capture the port of Inverness; however, Charles' death in November 1718 ended Swedish involvement, and rendered the Scottish operation largely irrelevant. Despite this, in late March, a small force of Spanish marines and Jacobite exiles landed in Stornoway. Learning that the invasion of England had been cancelled when the Spanish invasion fleet was severely damaged by storms, they decided to march ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 16881 January 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender by Whigs (British political party), Whigs or the King over the Water by Jacobitism, Jacobites, was the House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland from 1701 until his death in 1766. The only son of James II of England and his second wife, Mary of Modena, he was Prince of Wales and heir until his Catholic father was deposed and exiled in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. His Protestant half-sister Mary II of England, Mary II and her husband William III of England, William III became co-monarchs. As a Catholic, he was subsequently excluded from the succession by the Act of Settlement 1701. James, who had been raised primarily in France and Italy, claimed the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland when his father died in September 1701. As part of the War of the Spanish Succession, in 1708 Louis XI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee
John Graham, 7th of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee (21 July 1648 – 27 July 1689) was a Scottish soldier and nobleman, a Tory and an Episcopalian. As Graham of Claverhouse, he was responsible for policing southwest Scotland to suppress religious unrest and rebellion of Covenanters during the late 17th century. Later, as a general in the Scottish army, Claverhouse was made Viscount Dundee by King James VII of Scotland (II of England), and remained loyal to James after the Revolution of 1688 deposed James. Dundee rallied Highland clans loyal to the Jacobite cause and led the Jacobite rising of 1689 to victory at Killiecrankie, but lost his life in the battle. This first Jacobite rising was unsuccessful, but Claverhouse posthumously was made a Jacobite hero, acquiring the soubriquet "Bonnie Dundee". Life The Graham family was descended from King Robert III, through his second daughter Princess Mary. John Graham was the elder son of Sir William Graham and Lady Madeline Carne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Talbot, 1st Earl Of Tyrconnell
Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, ( – 14 August 1691) was an Irish politician, courtier and soldier. Talbot's early career was spent as a cavalryman in the Irish Confederate Wars. Following a period on the Continent, he joined the court of James, Duke of York, then in exile following the English Civil War; Talbot became a close and trusted associate. After the 1660 Stuart Restoration, restoration of James's older brother Charles to the thrones of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland Talbot began acting as agent or representative for Irish Catholics attempting to recover estates confiscated after the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cromwellian conquest, a role that would define the remainder of his career. James converted to Catholicism in the late 1660s, strengthening his association with Talbot. When James took the throne in 1685, Talbot's influence increased. He oversaw a major purge of Protestants from the Irish A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacobite Rising Of 1715
The Jacobite rising of 1715 ( ; or 'the Fifteen') was the attempt by James Francis Edward Stuart, James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland for the exiled House of Stuart, Stuarts. At Braemar, Aberdeenshire, local landowner the John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675–1732), Earl of Mar raised the Jacobite standard on 27 August. Aiming to capture Stirling Castle, he was checked by the much-outnumbered Hanoverians, commanded by the John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, Duke of Argyll, at Sheriffmuir on 13 November. There was no clear result, but the Earl appeared to believe, mistakenly, that he had won the battle, and left the field. After the Jacobite surrender at Battle of Preston (1715), Preston (14 November), the rebellion was over. Background The 1688 Glorious Revolution deposed James II and VII, who was replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary II of England, Mary II a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
