15th-century Persian-language Writers

The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian dates from 1 January 1401 ( MCDI) to 31 December 1500 ( MD).

In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period.
Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the "European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective, and the modern fields which are known today as banking and accounting were founded in Italy.

The Hundred Years' War ended with a decisive French victory over the English in the Battle of Castillon. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of Richard III by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty in the later part of the century.

Constantinople, known as the capital of the world and the capital of the Byzantine Empire (today's Turkey), fell to the emerging Muslim Ottoman Turks, marking the end of the tremendously influential Byzantine Empire and, for some historians, the end of the Middle Ages. This led to the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy, while Johannes Gutenberg's invention of a mechanical movable type began the printing press. These two events played key roles in the development of the Renaissance.Encyclopædia Britannica, ''Renaissance'', 2008, O.Ed. The Roman papacy was split in two parts in Europe for decades (the so-called Western Schism), until the Council of Constance. The division of the Catholic Church and the unrest associated with the Hussite movement would become factors in the rise of the Protestant Reformation in the following century.

Islamic Spain became dissolved through the Christian Reconquista, followed by the forced conversions and the Muslim rebellion, ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule and returning southern Spain to Christian rulers.

The search for the wealth and prosperity of India's Bengal Sultanate led to the colonization of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492 and the Portuguese voyages by Vasco da Gama, which linked Europe with the Indian subcontinent, ushering the period of Iberian empires.

In Asia, the Timurid Empire collapsed and the Afghan Pashtun Lodi dynasty took control of the Delhi Sultanate. Under the rule of the Yongle Emperor, who built the Forbidden City and commanded Zheng He to explore the world overseas, the Ming dynasty's territory reached its pinnacle.

In Africa, the spread of Islam led to the destruction of the Christian kingdoms of Nubia, by the end of the century, leaving only Alodia (which was to collapse in 1504). The formerly vast Mali Empire teetered on the brink of collapse, under pressure from the rising Songhai Empire.

In the Americas, both the Aztec Empire and the Inca Empire reached the peak of their influence, but the European colonization of the Americas changed the course of modern history.

Events

1401–1409

* 1401: Dilawar Khan establishes the Malwa Sultanate in present-day central India.
* 1402: Ottoman and Timurid Empires fight at the Battle of Ankara resulting in the capture of Bayezid I by Timur.
* 1402: Sultanate of Malacca founded by Parameswara.
* 1402: The settlement of the Canary Islands signals the beginning of the Spanish Empire.
* 1403–1413: Ottoman Interregnum, a civil war between the four sons of Bayezid I.
* 1403: The Yongle Emperor moves the capital of China from Nanjing to Beijing.
* 1404–1406: Regreg War, Majapahit civil war of secession between Wikramawardhana against Wirabhumi.
* 1405: The Sultanate of Sulu is established by Sharif ul-Hāshim.
* 1405–1433: During the Ming treasure voyages, Admiral Zheng He of China sails through the Indian Ocean to Malacca, India, Ceylon, Persia, Arabia, and East Africa to spread China's influence and sovereignty. The first voyage, a massive Ming dynasty naval expedition ending in 1407, visited Java, Palembang, Malacca, Aru, Samudera and Lambri.
* 1408: The last recorded event to occur in the Norse settlements of Greenland was a wedding in Hvalsey in the Eastern Settlement in 1408.

1410s

* 1410: The Battle of Grunwald is the decisive battle of the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War leading to the downfall of the Teutonic Knights.
* 1410–1413: Foundation of St Andrews University in Scotland.
* 1410-1415: The last Welsh war of independence, led by Owain Glyndŵr.
* 1414: Khizr Khan, deputised by Timur to be the governor of Multan, takes over Delhi founding the Sayyid dynasty.
* 1415: Henry the Navigator leads the conquest of Ceuta from the Moors marking the beginning of the Portuguese Empire.
* 1415: Battle of Agincourt fought between the Kingdom of England and France.
* 1415: Jan Hus is burned at the stake as a heretic at the Council of Constance.
* 1417: A large goodwill mission led by three kings of Sulu, the ''Eastern King'' Paduka Pahala, the ''Western king'' Maharaja Kolamating and ''Cave king'' Paduka Prabhu as well as 340 members of their delegation, in what is now the southern Philippines, ploughed through the Pacific Ocean to China to pay tribute to the Yongle emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
* 1417: The East king of Sulu, Paduka Pahala, on their way home, suddenly died in Dezhou, a city in east China's Shandong province. The Yongle Emperor Zhu Di commissioned artisans to build a tomb for the king.
* 1419–1433: The Hussite Wars in Bohemia.

1420s

* 1420: Construction of the Chinese Forbidden City is completed in Beijing.
* 1424: James I returns to Scotland after being held hostage under three Kings of England since 1406.
* 1424: Deva Raya II succeeds his father Veera Vijaya Bukka Raya as monarch of the Vijayanagara Empire.
* 1425: Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium) founded by Pope Martin V.
* 1427: Reign of Itzcoatl begins as the fourth ''tlatoani'' of Tenochtitlan and the first emperor of the Aztec Empire.
* 1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War.
* 1429: Queen Suhita succeeds her father Wikramawardhana as ruler of Majapahit.Ricklefs (1991), page 18.

1430s

* 1430: Rajah Lontok and Dayang Kalangitan become co-regent rulers of the ancient kingdom of Tondo.
* 1431
** 9 January – Pretrial investigations for Joan of Arc begin in Rouen, France under English occupation.
** 3 March – Pope Eugene IV succeeds Pope Martin V, to become the 207th pope.
** 26 March – The trial of Joan of Arc begins.
** 30 May – Nineteen-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake.
** 16 June – the Teutonic Knights and Švitrigaila sign the Treaty of Christmemel, creating anti-Polish alliance
** September – Battle of Inverlochy: Donald Balloch defeats the Royalists.
** 30 October – Treaty of Medina del Campo, consolidating peace between Portugal and Castille.
** 16 December – Henry VI of England is crowned King of France.
* 1438: Pachacuti founds the Inca Empire.

1440s

* 1440: Eton College founded by Henry VI.
* 1440s: The Golden Horde breaks up into the Siberia Khanate, the Khanate of Kazan, the Astrakhan Khanate, the Crimean Khanate, and the Great Horde.
* 1440–1469: Under Moctezuma I, the Aztecs become the dominant power in Mesoamerica.
* 1440: Oba Ewuare comes to power in the West African city of Benin, and turns it into an empire.
* 1440: Reign of Moctezuma I begins as the fifth ''tlatoani'' of Tenochtitlan and emperor of the Aztec Empire.
* 1441: Jan van Eyck, Flemish painter, dies.
* 1441: Portuguese navigators cruise West Africa and reestablish the European slave trade with a shipment of African slaves sent directly from Africa