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1417
Year 1417 (Roman numerals, MCDXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 19 – After the dismissal of Al-Musta'in (Cairo), Al-Musta'in as Caliph of Cairo by the Sultan Shaykh al-Mahmudi is declared unlawful by Islamic clerics, Shaykh arranges Al-Musta'in and three sons of the late Nasir-ad-Din Faraj, Sultan Faraj to be transferred away from Cairo to Alexandria. * January 19 – Joanna II of Naples, Joanna II, List of Neapolitan monarchs, Queen of Naples, issues a pardon for Giacomo Orsini, Count of Tagliacozzo, Giacomo Orsini, who had rebelled against her predecessor, King Ladislaus of Naples. * February 15 – In Korea, Grand Prince Yangnyeong of the Joseon Kingdom and heir to the throne, causes a scandal that ends any possibility of becoming the next King. Yangnyeong courts the wife of another official and attempts to bring here into the royal palace in Seoul, ending in his banishment from the royal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel III Of Trebizond
Manuel III Megas Komnenos (; 16 December 13645 March 1417) was Emperor of Empire of Trebizond, Trebizond from 20 March, 1390 to his death in 1417. The major event of Manuel's reign was the arrival of the Central Asian conqueror Timur, Tamerlane to Anatolia. This led to the virtual destruction of the Ottoman Empire, which had threatened the existence of Manuel's domain, in the Battle of Ankara. Although the Ottomans reconstituted their state after 10 years of civil war, this defeat extended the life and security of the Empire of Trebizond for several more decades. Life Manuel was the son of Emperor Alexios III of Trebizond by Theodora Kantakouzene. He was made heir apparent in 1377, after the death of his elder brother Basil. Manuel's domain had come under the growing threat of the ruler of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Bayezid I, who in 1398 had led his army along the Black Sea coast as far as the border of the Empire of Trebizond. Tamerlane, who had campaigned in eastern Anatolia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Trapezuntine Emperors
The Trapezuntine emperors were the rulers of the Empire of Trebizond, one of the successor states of the Byzantine Empire founded after the Fourth Crusade in 1204, until its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1461. All but two of the Trapezuntine rulers belonged to the Komnenos dynasty, which had previously ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1185. They initially claimed to represent the legitimate line of Roman emperors, in opposition to the Latin Empire in Constantinople, the Laskaris dynasty of the Nicene Empire, and the Komnenos Doukas family of Epirus and Thessalonica. To emphasize their dynastic claim, Trapezuntine emperors from the late 13th century onwards styled themselves as (, ). Out of the Byzantine claimants that emerged in 1204 and thereafter, the Trapezuntine emperors, despite their illustrious descent, had perhaps the worst position. Not only were they far away from Constantinople in a peripheral province of the empire, but the reputation of the Komnenoi had bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexios IV Of Trebizond
Alexios IV Megas Komnenos or Alexius IV (; – 1429), Emperor of Trebizond from 5 March 1417 to 26 April 1429. He was the son of Emperor Manuel III and Gulkhan-Eudokia of Georgia. Reign Alexios IV had been associated in authority and given the title of '' despotes'' by his father as early as 1395. Nevertheless, the two quarreled as Alexios was impatient to assume supreme power; William Miller compared this to "the first three sovereigns of the House of Hanover" for whom "the heir-apparent always quarrelled with his father." When his father died in 1417, Alexios was accused by some of having expedited his death. Alexios inherited a conflict with the Genoese, who defeated the fleet of Trebizond and seized a local monastery, which they converted into a fortress. By 1418 he had signed a peace agreement and paid reparations to the Genoese until 1422. A new dispute arose over the emperor's obligations in 1425 and was not resolved until 1428. Relations with the Republic of Venice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Cardinalis Von Bergreichenstein
Johannes Cardinalis von Bergreichenstein (also ''John Cardinal of Reinstein'', ; c. 1375 – after 1428) was a lawyer and diplomat from Bohemia. He was rector of Charles University in Prague 1416-1417. In 1394 he took up the study of law at the Charles University in Prague and received his doctorate at Jan Hus in 1404 to champion the seven liberal arts. 1407 was followed by the examination for Bachelor of laws. Two years later he was already as an envoy of King Wenceslas IV. together with Christian von Prachatitz and Peter de Mladoniovicz at the Council of Pisa in part. As followers of Jan Hus, they should provide for the repeal of the ban imposed against this church. A year later he defended Hus against the Archbishop of Prague Zbynko Zajíc of rabbit castle and accompanied Hus as a representative of the University, together with Peter of Mladoňovic, on his journey to the Council of Constance, where he received neither a prelate, nor the support of the Holy Roman Emperor Sig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Neapolitan Monarchs
The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of Naples, from its first separation from the Kingdom of Sicily to its merger with the same into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Kingdom of Naples (1282–1501) House of Anjou In 1382, the Kingdom of Naples was inherited by Charles of Durazzo, King of Hungary, great grandson of King Charles II of Naples. After this, the House of Anjou of Naples was renamed House of Anjou-Durazzo, when Charles married his first cousin Margaret of Durazzo, member of a prominent Neapolitan noble family. House of Valois-Anjou (disputed) Joanna of Naples had refused to name her enemy Charles of Durazzo as heir to the Neapolitan throne despite him ending up succeeding her anyway. If Charles' line was ignored, the subsequent heirs would be the descendants of Margaret, Countess of Anjou, a daughter of Charles II of Naples; the line pointed to the kings of France of the House of Valois. Joanna chose this line, though she named as heir, her second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empire Of Trebizond
The Empire of Trebizond or the Trapezuntine Empire was one of the three successor rump states of the Byzantine Empire that existed during the 13th through to the 15th century. The empire consisted of the Pontus, or far northeastern corner of Anatolia, and portions of southern Crimea. The Trapezuntine Empire was formed in 1204 with the help of Queen Tamar of Georgia after the Georgian expedition in Chaldia and Paphlagonia, which was commanded by Alexios Komnenos a few weeks before the Sack of Constantinople. Alexios later declared himself emperor and established himself in Trebizond (now Trabzon in Turkey). Alexios and David Komnenos, grandsons and last male descendants of the deposed emperor Andronikos I Komnenos, pressed their claims as Roman emperors against Alexios V Doukas. While the rulers of Trebizond bore the title of emperor until the end of their state in 1461, their rivals, the Laskarids in Nikaia and the Palaiologoi in Constantinople contested their claim to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giacomo Orsini, Count Of Tagliacozzo
Giacomo Orsini ( – 1431) was an Italian nobleman and ''condottiero'' of the Orsini family. He was the count of Tagliacozzo from 1394 until his death, sometimes loyal to the Kingdom of Naples, other times to the Papal State. Orsini was born shortly before 1380 to Giovanni Orsini and Nicoletta Orsini, the daughter of Gentile Orsini, count of Sovana. His father died on 31 August 1390, shortly after his uncle, Rinaldo Orsini. He was too young to maintain his father and uncle's control over Orvieto, Spoleto and L'Aquila. On 1 April 1391, he signed an accord with Pope Boniface IX by which he agreed to hand over the in Spoleto in exchange for the in Tivoli, of which he took possession on 21 May. In 1394, he reached an agreement with his cousin Maria, the heiress of Rinaldo, whereby he inherited the county of Tagliacozzo and the family's other possessions in the and the Marsica. His title and his fiefs were confirmed by King Ladislaus of Naples on 2 September 1395. Orsini acquired man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Prince Yangnyeong
Grand Prince Yangnyeong (; 1394 – 8 October 1462) was the former Crown Prince of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. He was the first son of King Taejong and his wife, Queen Wongyeong. Yangnyeong was the elder brother of Sejong the Great, and an ancestor of Syngman Rhee, an independence activist and the first President of South Korea. Biography He was born as Yi Je () in 1394. Originally his father appointed him as crown prince but he eventually executed Queen Wongyeong's brothers and in the 18th year of his reign replaced Prince Yangnyeong with his third son Prince Chungnyeong as heir apparent. Known for his literature and calligraphy skills, the former crown prince lacked in the requisite skills for kingship and acted extremely rude in court. On May 1415, he caused a scandal when he had an affair with Chogungjang, the kisaeng of his uncle and former king, Jeongjong. Yangnyeong was unaware that Chogungjang was his uncle's woman. On 15 February 1417, Yangnyeong secretly brought in E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 15
Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberios III publicly executed in the Hippodrome of Constantinople. * 1002 – At an assembly at Pavia of Lombard nobles, Arduin of Ivrea is restored to his domains and crowned King of Italy. * 1113 – Pope Paschal II issues '' Pie Postulatio Voluntatis'', recognizing the Order of Hospitallers. * 1214 – During the Anglo-French War (1213–1214), an English invasion force led by John, King of England, lands at La Rochelle in France. * 1493 – While on board the '' Niña'', Christopher Columbus writes an open letter (widely distributed upon his return to Portugal) describing his discoveries and the unexpected items he came across in the New World. 1601–1900 * 1637 – Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 5
Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern journey which he will later describe in his book '' Safarnama''. * 1279 – The Livonian Order is defeated in the Battle of Aizkraukle by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. * 1496 – King Henry VII of England issues letters patent to John Cabot and his sons, authorising them to explore unknown lands. 1601–1900 * 1616 – Nicolaus Copernicus's book '' On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres'' is added to the Index of Forbidden Books 73 years after it was first published. * 1766 – Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans. * 1770 – Boston Massacre: Five Americans, including Crispus Attucks, are fatally shot by British troops in an event that would contribute to the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joanna II Of Naples
Joanna II (; 25 June 1371 – 2 February 1435) was Queen of Naples from 1414 to her death in 1435, when the Capetian House of Anjou became extinct. As a mere formality, she used the title of Queen of Jerusalem, Sicily, and Hungary. Early life Joanna was born at Zara (present-day Zadar, Croatia), on 25 June 1371, as the daughter of Charles III of Naples and Margaret of Durazzo. After 1386 Marie of Blois Duchess Dowager of Anjou started negotiations about her son Louis II of Anjou's marriage with Joanna, but Louis flatly refused to marry the daughter of his father's principal enemy in May 1387. Joanna married her first husband, William, Duke of Austria, in Vienna in the autumn of 1401 when she was 28 years of age. He had been rejected as a husband by her cousin, Queen Hedwig of Poland. Joanna did not have any children by William, who died in 1406 after five years of marriage. After his death she acquired a lover by the name of , called "Alopo" ald whom she appointed Gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles University
Charles University (CUNI; , UK; ; ), or historically as the University of Prague (), is the largest university in the Czech Republic. It is one of the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest universities in the world in continuous operation, the oldest university north of the Alps and east of University of Paris, Paris. Today, the university consists of 17 faculties located in Prague, Hradec Králové, and Plzeň. History Medieval university (1349–1419) The establishment of a medieval university in Prague was inspired by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV. He requested his friend and ally, Pope Clement VI, to create the university. On 26 January 1347, the pope issued the bull establishing a university in Prague, modeled on the University of Paris, with all four faculty (division), faculties, including theology. On 7 April 1348 Charles, the king of Bohemia, gave to the established university privileges and immunities from the se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
