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Temporary Class Drug
A temporary class drug is a relatively new status for controlled drugs, which has been adopted in some jurisdictions, notably New Zealand and the United Kingdom, to attempt to bring newly synthesised designer drugs under legal control. The controlled drug legislation in these jurisdictions requires drug scheduling decisions to follow an evidence-based process, where the harms of the drug are assessed and reviewed so that an appropriate legal status can be assigned. Since many designer drugs sold in recent years have had little or no published research that could help inform such a decision, they have been widely sold as "legal highs", often for months, before sufficient evidence accumulates to justify placing them on the controlled drug schedules. This situation has been deemed to be undesirable, as every time a designer drug has been banned, novel compounds with similar effects have been quickly developed and brought to market, often with worse health consequences reported than t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Controlled Drug
The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary legislation or religious law is a common means of attempting to prevent the recreational use of certain intoxicating substances. An area has a prohibition of drugs when its government uses the force of law to punish the use or possession of drugs which have been classified as controlled. A government may simultaneously have systems in place to regulate both controlled and non controlled drugs. Regulation controls the manufacture, distribution, marketing, sale, and use of certain drugs, for instance through a prescription system. For example, in some states, the possession or sale of amphetamines is a crime unless a patient has a physician's prescription for the drug; having a prescription authorizes a pharmacy to sell and a patient to use a drug that would otherwise be prohibited. Although prohibition mostly concerns psychoactive drugs (which affect mental processes such as perception, cognition, and mood), prohibition can also appl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6-IT
6-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (6-API, 6-IT) is an indole derivative which was first identified being sold on the designer drug market by a laboratory in the Czechia in July 2016. Alexander Shulgin says in his book TiHKAL "From the normal 3-position to the 2, the 4, the 5, the 6 or the 7-positions. All five alpha-methyltryptamine isomers are known, but only one is known to be active in man as a CNS active material. This is the 5-isomer, 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole or 5-ITbr> Studies in dogs have also shown the drug to increase hemoglobin levels in the bloodstream. Legality * 6-API is a positional isomer of αMT, and as such may be covered by the analogue act in the USA (depending on the nature of its psychoactive effect). * 6-API / 6-IT is illegal in the UK, as it was banned as a temporary class drug in June 2013, along with 9 other related compounds. On March 5, 2014, the UK Home Office announced that 6-API would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethylnaphthidate
HDEP-28 or ethylnaphthidate is a stimulant drug of the piperidine and naphthylaminopropane groups, closely related to ethylphenidate, but with the benzene ring replaced by naphthalene. It is even more closely related to HDMP-28, which acts as a potent serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor with several times the potency of methylphenidate and a short duration of action. It has been sold as a designer drug since around 2015. Gregory HDEP-28 was banned in the UK as a Temporary Class Drug from June 2015 following its unapproved sale as a designer drug, alongside 4-Methylmethylphenidate. See also * 2β-Propanoyl-3β-(2-naphthyl)-tropane (WF-23) * 3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate * 4-Methylmethylphenidate * 4-Fluoromethylphenidate * Isopropylphenidate * Naphthylisopropylamine * Naphyrone Naphyrone, also known as O-2482 and naphthylpyrovalerone, is a stimulant drug of the cathinone and naphthylaminopropane families. It was derived from pyrovalerone and acts as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-Methylmethylphenidate
''threo''-4-Methylmethylphenidate (4-MeTMP) is a stimulant drug related to methylphenidate. It is slightly less potent than methylphenidate and has relatively low efficacy at blocking dopamine reuptake despite its high binding affinity, which led to its investigation as a possible substitute drug for treatment of stimulant abuse (cf. nocaine). On the other hand, several other simple ring-substituted derivatives of ''threo''-methylphenidate such as the 4-fluoro and 3-chloro compounds are more potent than methylphenidate both in efficacy as dopamine reuptake inhibitors and in animal drug discrimination assays. Legality 4-Methylmethylphenidate was banned in the UK as a Temporary Class Drug from June 2015 following its unapproved sale as a designer drug. In the United States, 4-methylmethylphenidate may be considered illegal if intended for human consumption under the federal analogue act as a structural analog of methylphenidate. In the United States, on September 22, 2023, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate
3,4-dichloromethylphenidate (abbreviated as 3,4-DCMP, and incorrectly as 3,4-CTMP for the d,l-threo diastereomer) is a potent stimulant drug from the List of methylphenidate analogues, phenidate class closely related to methylphenidate. It acts as a potent Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor with a long duration of action. It has been sold online as a designer drug. Chemistry 3,4-DCMP is the 3,4-dichlorinated analogue of methylphenidate. The 3,4-dichlorination is a common modification done to most monoamine reuptake inhibitors. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics The result of the 3,4-dichlorination on 3,4-DCMP is a higher selectivity for the serotonin transporter and serotonin uptake inhibition. Serotonergic activity among phenidates is very rare, and 3,4-DCMP is one of only three compounds from this class with appreciable serotoninergic activity, the other two being HDMP-28 & HDEP-28. The reason for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylnaphthidate
HDMP-28 or methylnaphthidate is a stimulant drug of the piperidine and naphthylaminopropane groups, closely related to methylphenidate (Ritalin), but with the benzene ring replaced by naphthalene. It is a potent dopamine reuptake inhibitor, with several times the potency of methylphenidate and a short duration of action, and is a structural isomer of another potent dopamine reuptake inhibitor, N,O-Dimethyl-4-(2-naphthyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate. It has been sold as a designer drug since around 2015. Most of the TMP analogs of HDMP-28 have SERT Ki values in the range >10,000 and so are selective for dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake, with little or no effect on serotonin. HDMP-28 has high affinity to SERT, and so behaves as a triple reuptake inhibitor. D.R. is the discrimination ratio = HA ÷ HFT. A low D.R. indicates more addictive, whereas a high D.R. indicates low propensity for self-administration. Legality HDMP-28 is illegal in Switzerland as of Dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isopropylphenidate
Isopropylphenidate (also known as IPH and IPPD) is a piperidine based stimulant drug, closely related to methylphenidate, but with the methyl ester replaced by an isopropyl ester. It has similar effects to methylphenidate but with a longer duration of action, and was banned in the UK as a Temporary Class Drug from April 2015 following its unapproved sale as a designer drug. It has been researched as potential methylphenidate replacement for ADHD and narcolepsy, because of fewer side effects. See also * 3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate * Ethylphenidate Ethylphenidate (EPH) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and a close analog of methylphenidate. Ethylphenidate acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, meaning it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and do ... * Desoxypipradrol * HDEP-28 * HDMP-28 * Propylphenidate References {{Stimulants 2-Benzylpiperidines Dopamine reuptake inhibitors Stimulants Designer drugs Isopropyl est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propylphenidate
Propylphenidate (also known as PPH) is a piperidine based stimulant drug, closely related to methylphenidate, but with the methyl ester replaced by a propyl ester. It was banned in the UK as a Temporary Class Drug from April 2015 following its unapproved sale as a designer drug. Legal status Propylphenidate is illegal in Sweden as of 26 January 2016, and in Finland since 2017. See also * 3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate * 4-Fluoromethylphenidate * 4-Methylmethylphenidate * Dexmethylphenidate * Ethylphenidate * Isopropylphenidate * HDEP-28 * HDMP-28 HDMP-28 or methylnaphthidate is a stimulant drug of the piperidine and naphthylaminopropane groups, closely related to methylphenidate (Ritalin), but with the benzene ring replaced by naphthalene. It is a potent dopamine reuptake inhibitor, wit ... References {{psychoactive-stub 2-Benzylpiperidines Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors Stimulants Designer drugs 2-Piperidinyl compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethylphenidate
Ethylphenidate (EPH) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and a close analog of methylphenidate. Ethylphenidate acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, meaning it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain, by binding to, and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. Ethylphenidate, being almost identical to methylphenidate in both structure and pharmacodynamics, likely also doesn't solely act as a "classical" reuptake inhibitor but primarily as an inverse agonist at the dopamine transporter (DAT), inducing dopamine transporter reversal and subsequent dopamine release from the axon terminal into the synaptic cleft in a manner similar to but distinct from amphetamines. Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics Ethylphenidate metabolizes into methylphenidate and ritalinic acid. Tiny amounts of ethylphenidate can be formed ''in vivo'' when ethanol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stimulant
Stimulants (also known as central nervous system stimulants, or psychostimulants, or colloquially as uppers) are a class of drugs that increase alertness. They are used for various purposes, such as enhancing attention, motivation, cognition, Mood disorder, mood, and physical activity, physical performance. Some stimulants occur naturally, while others are exclusively synthetic. Common stimulants include caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, methylphenidate, and modafinil. Stimulants may be subject to varying forms of regulation, or outright prohibition, depending on jurisdiction. Stimulants increase activity in the sympathetic nervous system, either directly or indirectly. Prototypical stimulants increase synaptic concentrations of neurotransmitter, excitatory neurotransmitters, particularly norepinephrine and dopamine (e.g., methylphenidate). Other stimulants work by binding to the Receptor (biochemistry), receptors of excitatory neurotransmitters (e.g., nicotine) or by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin ( ) and Concerta ( ) among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It may be taken Oral administration, by mouth or applied to the skin, and different formulations have varying durations of effect. For ADHD, the effectiveness of methylphenidate is comparable to atomoxetine but modestly lower than amphetamines, alleviating the Executive functions, executive functioning deficits of sustained attention, inhibition, working memory, reaction time and emotional self-regulation. Common adverse reactions of methylphenidate include euphoria, Mydriasis, dilated pupils, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, insomnia, anxiety, hyperhidrosis, weight loss, Anorexia (symptom), decreased appetite, Xerostomia, dry mouth, nausea, and abdominal pain. Drug withdrawal, Withdrawal symptoms may include chills, Depression (mood), depression, drowsiness ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NBOMe-2C-D
25D-NBOMe, also known as NBOMe-2C-D and "divination", is a derivative of the phenethylamine derived hallucinogen 2C-D. It acts in a similar manner to related compounds such as 25I-NBOMe, which is a potent agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor. 25D-NBOMe has been sold as a street drug since 2010 and produces similar effects in humans to related compounds such as 25I-NBOMe and 25C-NBOMe. It was banned as a Temporary Class Drug in the UK on 10 June 2013 after concerns about its recreational use. Interactions Toxicity and harm potential Neurotoxic and cardiotoxic actions Emergency treatment Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics 25D-NBOMe acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. The drug produces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic-like effects, in rodents. 25D-NBOMe has shown reinforcing effects in rodents. This included conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration. Relatedly, the drug has been found to increase dopaminergic signaling i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
