25D-NBOMe, also known as NBOMe-2C-D and "divination", is a derivative of the

phenethylamine Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine, which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans. In the brain, phenethylamine regulates monoamine neurotransmission by binding to trace ami ...

derived hallucinogen

2C-D 2C-D, also known as 2C-M or as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the 2C family that is sometimes used as an entheogen. It was first synthesized in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences, a ...

. It acts in a similar manner to related compounds such as

25I-NBOMe 25I-NBOMe, also known as 2C-I-NBOMe, Cimbi-5, and shortened to "25I", is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and NBOMe (25-NB) families. Since 2010, it has circulated in the recreational drug scene, often misrepresented as LSD. It is ...

, which is a potent

agonist An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are Cell (biology), cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an R ...

at the 5-HT_2A

receptor Receptor may refer to: * Sensory receptor, in physiology, any neurite structure that, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse *Receptor (biochemistry), in biochemistry, a protein molecule that receives and respond ...

. 25D-NBOMe has been sold as a street drug since 2010 and produces similar effects in humans to related compounds such as

and

25C-NBOMe 25C-NBOMe, also known as NBOMe-2C-C, 2C-C-NBOMe, or Cimbi-82, is a psychedelic drug and derivative of the psychedelic phenethylamine 2C-C. It acts as a potent agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor, and has been studied in its 11C radiolabelled form a ...

. It was banned as a

Temporary Class Drug A temporary class drug is a relatively new status for controlled drugs, which has been adopted in some jurisdictions, notably New Zealand and the United Kingdom, to attempt to bring newly synthesised designer drugs under legal control. The contro ...

in the UK on 10 June 2013 after concerns about its recreational use.

Interactions

Toxicity and harm potential

Neurotoxic and cardiotoxic actions

Emergency treatment

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

25D-NBOMe acts as an

of the

serotonin Serotonin (), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system (CNS) and also peripheral tissues. It is involved in mood, cognition, reward, learning, ...

5-HT₂ receptors. The drug produces the

head-twitch response The head-twitch response (HTR), also sometimes known as wet dog shakes (WDS) in rats, is a rapid side-to-side head movement that occurs in mice and rats in association with serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activation. Serotonergic psychedelics like lys ...

, a behavioral proxy of

psychedelic Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic halluci ...

-like effects, in rodents. 25D-NBOMe has shown

reinforcing In behavioral psychology, reinforcement refers to consequences that increase the likelihood of an organism's future behavior, typically in the presence of a particular '' antecedent stimulus''. For example, a rat can be trained to push a lever ...

effects in rodents. This included

conditioned place preference Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning used to measure the motivational effects of objects or experiences. This motivation comes from the pleasurable aspect of the experience, so that the brain can be reminded of th ...

(CPP) and

self-administration Self-administration is, in its Medicine, medical sense, the process of a subject administering a Pharmacology, pharmacological substance to themself. A clinical example of this is the subcutaneous "self-injection" of insulin by a Diabetes, diabetic ...

. Relatedly, the drug has been found to increase

dopaminergic Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine" (literally, "working on dopamine"), a common neurotransmitter. Dopaminergic substances or actions increase dopamine-related activity in the brain. Dopaminergic pathways, Dopaminergic brain pathways facil ...

signaling A signal is both the process and the result of transmission of data over some media accomplished by embedding some variation. Signals are important in multiple subject fields including signal processing, information theory and biology. ...

in the

nucleus accumbens The nucleus accumbens (NAc or NAcc; also known as the accumbens nucleus, or formerly as the ''nucleus accumbens septi'', Latin for ' nucleus adjacent to the septum') is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypo ...

Society and culture

Legal status

China

As of October 2015 25D-NBOMe is a controlled substance in China.

Sweden

''Sveriges riksdag'' added 25D-NBOMe to schedule I (''"substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use"'') as narcotics in Sweden as of Aug 1, 2013, published by ''Medical Products Agency'' in their regulation LVFS 2013:15 listed as 25D-NBOMe 2-(2,5-dimetoxi-4-metylfenyl)-N-(2-metoxibensyl)etanamin.

United Kingdom

United States

Unregulated at a federal and state level, though arguably may contravene the

Federal Analog Act The Federal Analogue Act, , is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act passed in 1986 which allows any chemical "substantially similar" to a controlled substance listed in Schedule I or II to be treated as if it were listed ...

under certain circumstances given its structural and functional similarity to controlled substance 2C-D.

Notes

References

External links

25D-NBOMe - Isomer Design

25D-NBOMe - PsychonautWiki

The Big & Dandy 25D-NBOMe (NBOMe-2C-D) Thread - Bluelight
{{Phenethylamines 25-NB (psychedelics) 5-HT2A agonists 5-HT2B agonists 5-HT2C agonists Designer drugs