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Rosewater
Rose water, or rosewater, is a flavoured water created by steeping rose petals in water. It is typically made as a by-product during the distillation of rose petals to create rose oil for perfumes. Rose water is widely utilized to flavour culinary dishes and enhance cosmetic products, and it is significant in religious rituals throughout Eurasia. Iran is a major producer, supplying around 90% of the world's rose water demand. Central Iran is home to the annual Golabgiri festival each spring. Thousands of tourists visit the area to celebrate the rose harvest for the production of rosewater. History Since ancient times, roses have been used medicinally, nutritionally, and as a source of perfume. Rose perfumes are made from rose oil, also called "attar of roses", which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam-distilling the crushed petals of roses. Rose water is a by-product of this process. Before the development of the technique of distilling rose water, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulab Jamun
Gulab jamun is a sweet confectionery or dessert, originating in the Indian subcontinent, and a type of mithai popular in India, Pakistan, Nepal, the Maldives and Bangladesh, as well as Myanmar. It is also common in nations with substantial populations of people with South Asian heritage, such as Mauritius, Fiji, Gulf states, the Malay Peninsula, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, South Africa, and the Caribbean (Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname). It is made mainly from milk solids, traditionally from '' khoya'', which is milk reduced to the consistency of a soft dough. Modern recipes call for dried or powdered milk instead of ''khoya''. It is often garnished with dried nuts, such as almonds and cashews, to enhance flavour. Preparation In the Indian subcontinent, milk and cheese solids are prepared by heating milk over a low flame until the water content has evaporated and only the milk solids, known as ''khoya'', remain. The solids are kneaded with flour ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golabgiri
Golabgiri (Persian, "making rosewater") is a festival taking place annually from mid-May to mid-June in Kashan, Isfahan Province, Iran. The ceremony takes place throughout Kashan county, majorly in Ghamsar, Niasar; and in surrounding regions. This period marks the full bloom of the rose, transforming the hot desert region into a magnificent space of flowers. During this event that annually attracts tens of thousands to two million tourists, the essence of the national flower, Rosa damascena Rosa or De Rosa may refer to: Plants and animals * ''Rosa'' (plant), the genus of roses * Rosa (sea otter), a sea otter that has become popular on the internet * Rosa (cow), a Spanish-born cow People * Rosa (given name) * Rosa (surname) * San ..., 'Damask Rose'—locally called Mohammadi Rose—planted in many flower gardens in these areas, is prepared by the traditional method of an evaporation system. Background Roses have been grown in Iran since at least the 10th century. Today, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Delight
Turkish delight, or lokum () is a family of confectionery, confections based on a gel of starch and sugar. Premium varieties consist largely of chopped dates, pistachios, hazelnuts or walnuts bound by the gel; traditional varieties are often flavored with rosewater, Mastic (plant resin), mastic gum, bergamot orange, or lemon. Other common flavors include cinnamon and Mentha, mint. The confection is often packaged and eaten in small cubes dusted with icing sugar, copra, or powdered cream of tartar to prevent clinging. History Turkish claims According to the , Ali Muhiddin Hacı Bekir moved to Constantinople from his hometown Kastamonu and opened his confectionery shop in the district of Bahçekapı in 1777. He produced various kinds of candies and ''lokum'', later including a unique form of ''lokum'' made with starch and sugar. Tim Richardson, a historian of sweets, has questioned the popular attribution of the invention of Turkish delight to Hacı Bekir, writing that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alchemy In The Medieval Islamic World
Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world refers to both traditional alchemy and early practical chemistry (the early chemical investigation of nature in general) by Muslim scholars in the medieval Islamic world. The word ''alchemy'' was derived from the Arabic word (), which itself may derive either from the Egyptian word ''kemi'' ('black') or from the Greek word ('fusion').. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Islamic conquest of Roman Egypt, the focus of alchemical development moved to the Caliphate and the Islamic civilization. Definition and relationship with medieval western sciences In considering Islamic sciences as a distinct, local practice, it is important to define words such as "Arabic", "Islamic", "alchemy", and "chemistry" in order to gain an understanding of what these terms mean historically. This may also help to clear up any misconceptions regarding the possible differences between alchemy and early chemistry in the context of medieval tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lassi
Lassi () is a Dahi (curd), yogurt–based beverage with a smoothie-like consistency. It has been called "the most popular and traditional yogurt-based drink" in India. It has also been described as the form in which yogurt "is most cherished and unbeatably popular in [...] Punjab", its "best-loved summer drink", and "the air conditioner of the Punjab". Lassi originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. The word 'lassi' means yogurt mixed with water in Punjabi language, Punjabi and Hindustani language, Hindi-Urdu. Lassi is prepared by blending yogurt, water, and spices. In Punjab, the yogurt is traditionally made from Water buffalo#Dairy, water buffalo milk. However, variations of lassi can be prepared in different ways. Cumin and cardamom are the most common spices added to lassi. Lassi is traditionally served in a clay cup known as ''kulhar''. Varieties Namkin / Namkeen lassi Namkin or namkeen (salty) lassi is made by adding salt, black pepper, cumin, and sug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rose
A rose is either a woody perennial plant, perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred Rose species, species and Garden roses, tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing, or trailing, with stems that are often armed with sharp Thorns, spines, and prickles, prickles. Their flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through pinks, reds, oranges and yellows. Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and Northwest Africa. Species, cultivars and hybrid (biology), hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant. Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies. Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses to climbers that can reach seven meters in height. Different species hybridize easily, and this has been use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rose Oil
Rose oil (rose otto, attar of rose, attar of roses, or rose essence) is an essential oil that is extracted from the petals of various types of rose. ''Rose ottos'' are extracted through steam distillation, while ''rose absolutes'' are obtained through solvent extraction, the absolute being used more commonly in perfumery. The production technique originated in Greater Iran. Even with their high price and the advent of organic synthesis, rose oils are still perhaps the most widely used essential oil in perfumery. ''R. damascena'' and ''R. centifolia'' Two major species of rose are cultivated for the production of rose oil: * '' Rosa damascena'' production today is dominated by 3 producers account for over 70% of the Rose oil market share: ** Bulgaria, sold as "Bulgarian Rose" ** Turkey, sold as "Turkish Rose" ** Saudi Arabia, sold as "Taif Rose" ** It is also grown on a smaller scale in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, Croatia, Cyprus, Ethiopia, Georgia, Greece, Jorda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laddu
''Laddu'' or ''laddoo'' is a spherical sweet from the Indian subcontinent made of various ingredients and sugar syrup or jaggery. It has been described as "perhaps the most universal and ancient of Indian sweets." ''Laddus'' are often served during celebrations and religious festivals, especially those associated with the Hindu deity Ganesha. History Archaeological excavations have found "food balls" made of legumes and cereals such as barley, wheat, chickpea and mung bean were consumed in the Indus Valley Civilization circa 2600 BCE. In the 3rd-4th century Sanskrit medical text ''Sushruta Samhita'', ''ladduka'' are described as small balls of jaggery, peanuts, and sesame seeds coated with honey. These balls were used as an antiseptic and to deliver medication. However, the first documented mention of ''laddu'' as a sweet is in the 11th-century Western Indian cookbook ''Lokopakara''. It gives a recipe for making ''laddus'' with '' shavige'' (rice vermicelli), ''ghee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Sweets
This is a list of Indian sweets and desserts, also called ''Sweets from the Indian subcontinent, mithai'', a significant element in Indian cuisine. Indians are known for their unique taste and experimental behavior when it comes to food. Many Indian desserts are fried foods made with sugar, milk or condensed milk. Ingredients and preferred types of dessert vary by region. In the eastern part of India, for example, most are based on milk products. Many are flavoured with almonds and pistachios, spiced with cardamon, nutmeg, cloves and black pepper, and decorated with nuts, or with Gold leaf, gold or Silver leaf (food), silver leaf. North East South West Pan-Indian See also * List of Indian snack foods * List of pastries References External links * {{Cuisine of India Indian desserts, * Indian cuisine-related lists, Desserts Dessert-related lists, Indian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peda
Peda () or Pera is an Indian sweet that originated in the city of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. Traditionally prepared as thick, semi-soft round balls, its main ingredients are khoa, sugar and traditional flavourings including cardamom seeds. It is brown in colour. Variant spellings and names for the dessert include ''pedha'', ''penda'' (in Gujarati language, Gujarati) and ''pera''. History & Etymology The word ''pda'' is derived from the Sanskrit word ''Piṇḍa'' or ''Piṇḍaka'' which refers to a lump of food and also a milk & flour-based sweet in the form of a lump. ''Piṇḍaka'' as a sweet finds mention in Ayurveda, Ayurvedic & ''Pākaśāstra'' texts ranging from Charaka Samhita of the 4th century BCE to ''Bhojanakutūhala'' of 17th century CE. ''Charaka Samhita'' enlists ''piṇḍaka'' along with flour-based Indian sweets and describes them as heavy. ''Bhojanakutūhala'' describes the preparation of the sweet using milk and sugar with the use of spices like card ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice Pudding
Rice pudding is a dish made from rice mixed with water or milk and commonly other ingredients such as sweeteners, spices, flavourings and sometimes eggs. Variants are used for either desserts or dinners. When used as a dessert, it is commonly combined with a sweetener such as sugar. Such desserts are found on many continents, especially Asia, where rice is a staple. Some variants are thickened only with the rice starch, while others include eggs, making them a kind of custard. Rice pudding around the world Rice puddings are found in nearly every area of the world. Recipes can greatly vary even within a single country. The dessert can be boiled or baked. Different types of pudding vary depending on preparation methods and the selected ingredients. The following ingredients are usually found in rice puddings: * rice; white rice (usually short-grain, but can also be long-grain, broken rice, basmati, or jasmine rice), brown rice, or black rice * milk (whole milk, plant milk, cream ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
