Rose Oil

	Rose Oil Rose oil (rose otto, attar of rose, attar of roses, or rose essence) is an essential oil that is extracted from the petals of various types of rose. ''Rose ottos'' are extracted through steam distillation, while ''rose absolutes'' are obtained through solvent extraction, the absolute being used more commonly in perfumery. The production technique originated in Greater Iran. Even with their high price and the advent of organic synthesis, rose oils are still perhaps the most widely used essential oil in perfumery. ''R. damascena'' and ''R. centifolia'' Two major species of rose are cultivated for the production of rose oil: * '' Rosa damascena'' production today is dominated by 3 producers account for over 70% of the Rose oil market share: Bulgaria, sold as "Bulgarian Rose" Turkey, sold as "Turkish Rose" Saudi Arabia, sold as "Taif Rose" It is also grown on a smaller scale in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, Croatia, Cyprus, Ethiopia, Georgia, Greece, Jorda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nonadecane Nonadecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)17CH3, simplified to carbon, C19hydrogen, H40. Occurrence in nature Nonadecane is found in ''Rosa × damascena'' (8%-15%), ''Rosa × alba'' (7%-13%) and n-Paraffin rich high altitude hybrids of both (20%-55%). See also * Rose oil * Paraffin (other), Paraffin References External links Material Safety Data Sheet for NonadecaneActivities of a Specific Chemical Query Alkanes {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hexadecane Hexadecane (also called cetane) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C16H34. Hexadecane consists of a chain of 16 carbon atoms, with three hydrogen atoms bonded to the two end carbon atoms, and two hydrogens bonded to each of the 14 other carbon atoms. Isohexadecane is a branch chained isomer of hexadecane.https://b4brands.com/resources/ingredient-directory/isohexadecane/#:~:text=Isohexadecane%20is%20a%20branched%2Dchain,that%20is%20found%20in%20petroleum. Cetane number ''Cetane'' is often used as a shorthand for cetane number, a measure of the combustion of diesel fuel. Cetane ignites very easily under compression; for this reason, it is assigned a cetane number of 100, and serves as a reference for other fuel mixtures. Hexadecyl radical Hexadecyl, or cetyl, is an alkyl radical of carbon and hydrogen derived from hexadecane, with formula C16H33 and with mass 225.433, occurring especially in cetyl alcohol. It confers strong hydrophobicity on molecules containi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pentadecane Pentadecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C15H32. It can be monoterminally oxidized Redox ( , , reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is ... to 1-pentadecanol. References Alkanes {{hydrocarbon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tetradecane Tetradecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)12CH3. Tetradecane has 1858 structural isomers. See also * Higher alkanes 320px Higher alkanes are alkanes with a high number of carbon atoms. It is common jargon. One definition says higher alkanes are alkanes having nine or more carbon atoms. Thus, according to this definition, nonane is the lightest higher alkane ... * List of isomers of tetradecane References External links Material Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane * http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/chemical.pl?TETRADECANE Alkanes {{hydrocarbon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Dodecane Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12, or duodecane) is an oily liquid ''n''-alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C12H26 (which has 355 isomers). It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in nuclear reprocessing plants. Combustion reaction The combustion reaction of dodecane is as follows: :C12H26(''l'') + 18.5 O2(''g'') → 12 CO2(''g'') + 13 H2O(''g'') : Δ''H''° = −7513 kJ One litre of fuel needs about 15 kg of air to burn (2.6 kg of oxygen), and generates 2.3 kg (or 1.2 m3) of CO2 upon complete combustion. Jet fuel surrogate In recent years, ''n''-dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels. It is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting ''n''-decane, primarily due to its highe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nonacosane Nonacosane is a straight-chain hydrocarbon with a molecular formula of C29H60, and the structural formula CH3(CH2)27CH3. It has 1,590,507,121 constitutional isomers. Nonacosane occurs naturally and has been reported to be a component of a pheromone of '' Orgyia leucostigma'', and evidence suggests it plays a role in the chemical communication of several insects, including the female ''Anopheles stephensi'' (a mosquito Mosquitoes, the Culicidae, are a Family (biology), family of small Diptera, flies consisting of 3,600 species. The word ''mosquito'' (formed by ''Musca (fly), mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish and Portuguese for ''little fly''. Mos ...). Nonacosane has been identified within several essential oils. It can also be prepared synthetically. References {{Alkanes Alkanes Insect pheromones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Heptacosane 320px Higher alkanes are alkanes with a high number of carbon atoms. It is common jargon. One definition says higher alkanes are alkanes having nine or more carbon atoms. Thus, according to this definition, nonane is the lightest higher alkane. As pure substances, higher alkanes are rarely significant, but they are major components of useful lubricants and fuels. Synthesis The preparation of specific long-chain hydrocarbons typically involves manipulations of long chain precursors or the coupling of two medium-chain components. For the first case, fatty acids can be a source of higher alkanes via decarboxylation reaction. Such processes have been investigated as a route to biodiesel. Fatty acid esters and fatty acid nitriles react with long chain Grignard reagents to give, after suitable workup, long-chain ketones. The Wolff-Kishner Reaction provides a way to remove the ketone functionality, giving long-chain hydrocarbons. Even-numbered, long-chain hydrocarbons can also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tetracosane Tetracosane, also called ''tetrakosane'', is an alkane hydrocarbon with the structural formula H(CH2)24H. As with other alkanes, its name is derived from Greek for the number of carbon atoms, 24, in the molecule. It has 14,490,245 constitutional isomers, and 252,260,276 stereoisomers. ''n''-Tetracosane is found in mineral form, called evenkite, in the Evenki Region on Lower Tunguska River in Siberia and the Bucnik quarry near Konma in eastern Moravia, Czech Republic. Evenkite is found as colourless flakes and is reported to fluoresce yellow-orange. See also * List of alkanes The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms. See also * Higher alkane * List of compounds with carbon numbers 50+ ... References External linksNIST Entry Alkanes {{Hydrocarbon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tricosane 320px Higher alkanes are alkanes with a high number of carbon atoms. It is common jargon. One definition says higher alkanes are alkanes having nine or more carbon atoms. Thus, according to this definition, nonane is the lightest higher alkane. As pure substances, higher alkanes are rarely significant, but they are major components of useful lubricants and fuels. Synthesis The preparation of specific long-chain hydrocarbons typically involves manipulations of long chain precursors or the coupling of two medium-chain components. For the first case, fatty acids can be a source of higher alkanes via decarboxylation reaction. Such processes have been investigated as a route to biodiesel. Fatty acid esters and fatty acid nitriles react with long chain Grignard reagents to give, after suitable workup, long-chain ketones. The Wolff-Kishner Reaction provides a way to remove the ketone functionality, giving long-chain hydrocarbons. Even-numbered, long-chain hydrocarbons can also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]