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Yawar-Ziwa
In Mandaeism, Yawar Ziwa (; also known as Yawar Kasia "Hidden Yawar", or Yawar Rabba "Great Yawar") is an uthra (angel or guardian) from the World of Light. He is the personification of light, as well as the head of reproductive powers. Simat Hayyi, the personification of life, is married to Yawar Ziwa. Etymology E. S. Drower translates ''Yawar Ziwa'' as "Dazzling Radiance",Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937. ''The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran''. Oxford At The Clarendon Press.Drower, E. S. 1960. ''The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. although Mark Lidzbarski translates ''Yawar'' as "helper." In the ''Ginza Rabba'' Book 14 of the ''Right Ginza'' mentions Yawar as one of the first uthras to have been created, along with Yushamin. Yawar is identified in ''Right Ginza'' 15.8 as "the first Gupna." In other Mandaean texts In ''Dmut Kušṭa'' (MS Asiatic. Misc. C. 12), Yawar Ziwa is the name of one of the heavenly trees. As an epithet Yawar Ziwa is al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Of Light
In Mandaeism, the World of Light or Lightworld () is the primeval, transcendental world from which Tibil and the World of Darkness emerged. Description *The Great Life ('' Hayyi Rabbi'' or Supreme God/ Monad) is the ruler of the World of Light. *Countless uthras dwell in '' škinta''s in the World of Light. (A ''škinta'' is a celestial dwelling where uthras, or benevolent celestial beings, live in the World of Light.) *The World of Light is the source of the Great '' Yardna'' ( Jordan River) of Life, also known as Piriawis. * Ether/Air (), which can be thought of as heavenly breath or energy, permeates the World of Light. *The Mšunia Kušṭa is a part of the World of Light considered to be the dwelling place of heavenly or ideal counterparts ('' dmuta''). *In some Mandaean texts, Tarwan is a part of the World of Light that is described as a "pure land." *Water flows from the World of Light to Tibil via ''hapiqia miia'', or cosmic streams of water, also known as Hitpun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaean Scripture
This article contains a list of Mandaic manuscripts, which are almost entirely Mandaean religious texts written in Classical Mandaic. Well-known Mandaean texts include the ''Ginza Rabba'' (also known as the ''Sidra Rabbā''), the ''Mandaean Book of John'', and the ''Qulasta''. Texts for Mandaean priests include '' The 1012 Questions'', among others. Some, like the ''Ginza Rabba'', are codices (bound books), while others, such as the various ''diwan''s, are illustrated scrolls. Background Mandaean copyists or scribes (Mandaic: ''sapra'') may transcribe texts as a meritorious deed for one's own forgiveness of sins, or they may be hired to copy a text for another person. Mandaean sacred scriptures, such as the ''Ginza Rabba'' are traditionally kept in wooden chests wrapped in layers of white cotton and silk cloth. These protected manuscripts are generally not touched by ordinary laypeople, although learned laymen (''yalufa'') who demonstrate proper knowledge and respect for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Light And Religion
Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light spans the visible spectrum and is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 terahertz. The visible band sits adjacent to the infrared (with longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies), called collectively '' optical radiation''. In physics, the term "light" may refer more broadly to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not. In this sense, gamma rays, X-rays, microwaves and radio waves are also light. The primary properties of light are intensity, propagation direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum, and polarization. Its speed in vacuum, , is one of the fundamental constants of nature. All electromagnetic radiation exhibits some properties of both particles and waves. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uthras
An uthra or ʿutra (, Neo-Mandaic language, Neo-Mandaic ''oṯrɔ'', traditionally transliterated ''eutra''; plural: ʿuthrē, traditionally transliterated ''eutria'') is a "divine messenger of the light" in Mandaeism. Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath translate it as "excellency". Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley defines them as "Lightworld beings, called 'utras (sing.: 'utra 'wealth', but meaning 'angel' or 'guardian')." p8 Aldihisi (2008) compares them to the ''yazata'' of Zoroastrianism. According to E. S. Drower, "an 'uthra is an ethereal being, a spirit of light and Life." Uthras are benevolent beings that live in ''shkinta, škinas'' (, "celestial dwellings") in the World of Light (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') and communicate with each other via telepathy. Uthras are also occasionally mentioned as being in ''anana (Mandaeism), anana'' ("cloud"; e.g., in ''Right Ginza'' Book 17, Chapter 1), which can also be interpreted as female consorts. Many uthras also serve as guardians (''naṭra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Angels In Theology
This is a list of angels in religion, theology, astrology and magic, including both specific angels (e.g., Gabriel) and types of angels (e.g., seraphim A seraph ( ; pl.: ) is a Angelic being, celestial or heavenly being originating in Ancient Judaism. The term plays a role in subsequent Judaism, Islam and Christianity. Tradition places seraphim in the highest rank in Christian angelology and ...). List Groups Individual angels See also Notes References {{Angels in Abrahamic religions * Angels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaean Priest
A Mandaean priest or ''Tarmida'' () refers to an ordained religious leader in Mandaeism. Overview All priests must undergo lengthy ordination ceremonies, beginning with tarmida initiation. Mandaean religious leaders and copyists of religious texts hold the title in Arabic, Sheikh. In Iran, they are also occasionally referred to as Mullah. All Mandaean communities traditionally require the presence of a priest, since priests are required to officiate over all important religious rituals, including masbuta, masiqta, birth and wedding ceremonies. Priests also serve as teachers, scribes, and community leaders. Many Mandaean diaspora communities do not have easy access to priests. Due to the shortage of priests in the Mandaean diaspora, ''halala'' () or learned Mandaean laymen who are ritually clean (both individually and in terms of family background) can sometimes assume minor roles typically assumed by ordained priests. Such laymen taking on limited priestly roles are called ''paisa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manda D-Hayyi
In Mandaeism, Manda d-Hayyi or Manda ḏ-Hiia () is an uthra (angel or guardian) sent by the Great Life ('' Hayyi Rabbi'', or the Transcendent God) as a messenger to John the Baptist. Manda d-Hayyi is considered to be the most important uthra, since he is the one bringing '' manda'' (knowledge or gnosis) to Earth ( Tibil). In Mandaean texts In Book 5, Chapter 4 of the ''Right Ginza'', Manda d-Hayyi appears to John the Baptist as a "small boy aged three years and one day." John the Baptist baptizes the small boy, after which John is taken up to the World of Light (see also the Coptic Apocalypse of Paul, in which a little boy appears to Paul the Apostle, who is then taken up to heaven). Also, in Book 8 of the ''Right Ginza'', Manda d-Hayyi warns the faithful against the dangers of Ruha. In the ''Mandaean Book of John'' and Book 3 of the ''Right Ginza'', Manda d-Hayyi makes a journey into the World of Darkness (underworld), where he meets Gaf and other demons and triumphs against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hibil Ziwa
In Mandaeism, Hibil () and/or Hibil Ziwa () and sometimes pronounced Hīwel is referred to an uthra ("excellency", an angel or guardian) from the World of Light or the son of Adam (then; only referred as Hibil). Hibil, the man, is considered to be the Mandaean equivalent of Abel while Hibil ziwa is the Mandaean equivalent of Gabriel Prayers in the Qulasta frequently contain the recurring formula "In the name of Hibil, Shitil, and Anuš" ( ). Overview According to Mandaean beliefs and scriptures including the ''Qolastā'', the Mandaean ''Book of John'' and ''Genzā Rabbā'', Abel is cognate with the Human Hibil, and Hibil Ziwa with Gabriel. (, Sometimes translated "Splendid Hibel"), is spoken of as a son of Manda d-Hayyi which was created by Hayyi as stated in the Right Ginza book four, verse 2; "When the First Life thought and created Manda d-Hiia and Manda d-hiia created Hibil-Ziwa...". And Hibil, the man, is spoken of as a brother to Anush (Enosh) and to Shitil (Seth), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abatur
Abatur (, sometimes called Abathur; Yawar, ; and the Ancient of Days and also pronounced Awāthur) is an Uthra and the second of three subservient emanations created by the Mandaean God ''Hayyi Rabbi'' (, “The Great Living God”) in the Mandaean religion. His name translates as the "father of the Uthras", the Mandaean name for angels or guardians. His usual epithet is ''the Ancient'' (''ˁattīqā'') and he is also called "the deeply hidden and guarded". He is described as being the son of the first emanation Yushamin (). He is also described as being the angel of Polaris. He exists in two different personae. These include Abatur Rama (, the "lofty" or celestial Abatur), and his "lower" counterpart, Abatur of the Scales (), who weighs the souls of the dead to determine their fate. In Mandaean texts such as the ''Qulasta'', Abatur is sometimes referred to as Bhaq Ziwa. Etymology Charles G. Häberl (2022) etymologizes Abatur as ''abbā ḏ-ʿoṯri'' 'father of the excellenci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmut Kušṭa
''Diwan ḏ-Qadaha Rba Šuma ḏ-Mara ḏ-Rabuta u-Dmut Kušṭa'' (; "The Scroll of the Great Prayer, the Name of the Lord of Greatness and the Image of Truth"), or simply ''Dmut Kušṭa'' (or ''Dmuth Kushta''), is a Mandaean religious text. It is written as an illustrated scroll. No published translation of the text currently exists. It is also known as ''Tafsir Rba ḏ-Dmut Kušṭa'' ("The Great Explanation/Tafsir of the Image of Truth").Morgenstern, Matthew (2013)New Manuscript Sources for the Study of Mandaic In: V. Golinets et. al (eds.), ''Neue Beiträge zur Semitistik. Sechstes Treffen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Semitistik in der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft vom 09.–11. Februar 2013 in Heidelberg''. AOAT, Ugarit Verlag. Manuscripts The Bodleian Library at Oxford University holds a manuscript of the text, catalogued as MS Asiat. Misc. C 12. The scroll was copied by Yahia Ram Zihrun, son of Mhatam in 1818 in Qurna. It was acquired by E. S. Drower in 1954. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simat Hayyi
In Mandaeism, Simat Hayyi or Simat Hiia (), the personification of life, is an uthra (angel or guardian) from the World of Light who is married to Yawar Ziwa. The name ''Simat Hayyi'' ("Life's Treasure"), along with the name ''Niṭufta'' ("Drop", sometimes also translated as "Cloud"), are names used for the consort of Yawar Ziwa or the Great Mana in the World of Light. Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley interprets a passage in the Qulasta referring to Simat Hayyi coming forth from the World of Darkness and eventually being raised to the Place of Light as referring to Ruha, noting that E. S. Drower had interpreted it in reference to Zahreil, but arguing that Zahreil never left the World of Darkness. Buckley therefore argues that the Mandaean texts consider Ruha will eventually attain redemption, and merge with her ''dmuta'' (ideal counterpart) in the World of Light. Chapters 57-59 of the Mandaean Book of John are dedicated to Simat Hayyi. See also *List of angels in theology * Zlat * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gupna
In Mandaeism, a gufna or gupna () is an uthra that is described as a personified Vitis#Symbolism, grapevine in the World of Light. List of gufnas In various Mandaean texts, several heavenly beings are described as personified Vitis#Symbolism, grapevines (''gupna'') in the World of Light. For example, ''Right Ginza'' 15.8 lists the following gupnas in order: *Taureil (Taurʿil) – also mentioned in Qulasta prayers 379 and 381. ''Right Ginza'' 4 identifies Taureil as another name for Anan Anṣab. According to ''Right Ginza'' 15.8, the gupna Taureil "rests at the river of the pure Tarwan." *Rwaz (Ruaz) – also mentioned in ''Right Ginza'' 6 and 15.7, and in Qulasta prayers s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 71, 71, 117, 196, 212, and 379 *Yusmir – also mentioned in ''Mandaean Book of John'' 62 and Qulasta prayers s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 14, 14 (as "Yusmir-Yusamir"), s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 18, 18, s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 28, 28, s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 52, 52, 171, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
