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Xylaria Culleniae
''Xylaria culleniae'' is a species of fungus in the family Xylariaceae. This species known to grow on dried fruits and seeds. Taxonomy ''Xylaria culleniae'' belongs to the family Xylariaceae. The species grows on fruits and seeds are generally considered as host-specific. This species was collected from Sri Lanka during July 1868 by George Gardner (botanist) and George Henry Kendrick Thwaites who was superintendent of the botanical gardens at Peradeniya, Ceylon. The specimens were sent for identification to Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1872. There English botanists and mycologists Miles Joseph Berkeley and Christopher Edmund Broome described this species in 1873. Distribution This species is reported from Sri Lanka, China, ThailandMekkamol S. 1998Endophytic fungi of Tectona grandis L (Teak) PhD Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. and Anaimalai Hills Southern Western Ghats, India. This species is also known to occur in Central America, South America and Afr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylariaceae
The Xylariaceae are a family of mostly small ascomycetous fungi. It is one of the most commonly encountered groups of ascomycetes and is found throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world. They are typically found on wood, seeds, fruits, or plant leaves, some even associated with insect nests. Most decay wood and many are plant pathogens. One example of this family is King Alfred's Cake ('' Daldinia concentrica''). Phylogenetic analyses published in 2009 suggest that there are two main lineages in this family, Hypoxyloideae and Xylarioideae. Genera This is a complete list of genera in the Xylariaceae, based on the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota. A question mark before the genus name indicates that the placement of that taxon in this family is uncertain. '' Amphirosellinia'' — '' Annulohypoxylon'' — '' Anthostomella'' — '' Appendixia'' — '' Areolospora'' — ?'' Ascotricha'' — '' Ascovirgaria'' — '' Astrocystis'' — '' Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sporidia
''Sporidia'' are result of homokaryotic smut fungi (which are not pathogenic), asexual reproduction through the process of budding. Thus far, this has only been observed ''in vitro ''In vitro'' (meaning ''in glass'', or ''in the glass'') Research, studies are performed with Cell (biology), cells or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called "test-tube experiments", these studies in ...''. References *C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., ''Introductory Mycology, 4th ed.'' (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) Fungal morphology and anatomy {{Mycology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inedible Fungi
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Fungi Of Asia
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true fungi'' or ''Eum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylariales
The Xylariales are an order (biology), order of fungi within the class (biology), class Sordariomycetes (also known as Pyrenomycetes), subdivision Pezizomycotina, division (mycology), division Ascomycota. It was the original order of the Class (taxonomy), subclass Xylariomycetidae. Xylariales was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 1932 by Swedish mycologist John Axel Nannfeldt, and Xylariomycetidae by Ove Erik Eriksson and Katarina Winka in 1997. Taxonomy Early classifications of the Xylariales varied considerably, with taxonomists recognising anywhere from three to eleven family (biology), families within the order. A milestone in understanding the order's composition came from Smith, Liew, and Hyde's 2003 molecular phylogenetics study, which established the Xylariales as a monophyletic group containing seven families: Amphisphaeriaceae, Apiosporaceae, Clypeosphaeriaceae, Diatrypaceae, Graphostromataceae, Hyponectriaceae, and Xylariaceae. During this period, fungi in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legume
Legumes are plants in the pea family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seeds of such plants. When used as a dry grain for human consumption, the seeds are also called pulses. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consumption, but also as livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Legumes produce a botanically unique type of fruit – a simple fruit, simple Dry fruits, dry fruit that develops from a simple carpel and usually Dehiscence (botany) , dehisces (opens along a seam) on two sides. Most legumes have Symbiosis , symbiotic nitrogen fixation , nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Rhizobia, in structures called root nodules. Some of the fixed nitrogen becomes available to later crops, so legumes play a key role in crop rotation. Terminology The term ''pulse'', as used by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), is reserved for legume crops harvested solely for the dry seed. This excludes green beans and Pea , green ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inga
''Inga'' is a genus of small tropical, tough-leaved, nitrogen-fixing treesElkan, Daniel. "Slash-and-burn farming has become a major threat to the world's rainforest" ''The Guardian'' 21 April 2004 and shrubs, subfamily Mimosoideae. ''Inga''s leaves are pinnate, and flowers are generally white. Many of the hundreds of species are used ornamentally. Several related plants have been placed into this genus at one time, for example Yopo (Cohoba, Mopo, Nopo or Parica – '' Anadenanthera peregrina'' – as ''Inga niopo''). The seeds are covered with sweet white powder. The pulp covering the seeds is lightly fibrous and sweet, and rich in minerals; it is edible in the raw state. The tree's name originates from the Tupi word ''in-gá'' meaning "soaked", due to the fruit powder consistency. The tree usually blooms twice a year. Within the ''Inga'' genus there are around 300 species, most of them native and growing in the Amazon forest region although some species are also found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cullenia Exarillata
''Cullenia exarillata'' (Tamil Name: வெடிப்பலா, Kadar ( Anamalai hills) Name: முள்ளாலி, Muthuvan (Anamalai hills) Name: காரானி) is a flowering plant evergreen tree species in the family Malvaceae endemic to the rainforests of the southern Western Ghats in India. It is one of the characteristic trees of the mid-elevation tropical wet evergreen rainforests and an important food plant for the endemic primate, the lion-tailed macaque.Kumar, A. (1987) The ecology and population dynamics of the lion-tailed macaque (''Macaca silenus'') in South India. PhD thesis, Cambridge University, UK. Description Tall evergreen trees with smooth greyish white bark, flaking in mature trees, with straight boles, frequently buttressed. The branches are horizontal often with series of knob-like tubercles (for cauliflorous attachment of flowers and fruits). The young branchlets and the underside of leaves are covered by golden brown peltate (or shield ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascocarp
An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stromata
The ''Stromata'' (), a mistake for ''Stromateis'' (Στρωματεῖς, "Patchwork," i.e., ''Miscellanies''), attributed to Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – c. 215), is the third of a trilogy of works regarding the Christian life. The oldest extant manuscripts date to the eleventh century. The work is titled ''Stromateis'' ("patchwork”) because it deals with such a variety of matters. It goes further than its two predecessors and aims at the perfection of the Christian life by initiation into complete knowledge. It attempts, on the basis of Scripture and tradition, to give such an account of the Christian faith as shall answer all the demands of learned men, and conduct the student into the innermost realities of his belief. The contents of the ''Stromateis'', as its title suggests, are miscellaneous. Its place in the trilogy is disputed – Clement initially intended to write the ''Didascalus'', a work which would complement the practical guidance of the ''Paedagogus'' with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Gardner (botanist)
George Gardner (1810, Ardentinny – 1849, Kandy) was a Scottish biologist mainly interested in botany. Gardner's father was a gardener first to the Earl of Dunmore in Ardentinny, then from 1816 to the Earl of Eglinton at Ardrossan. In 1822, his parents moved to Glasgow where he attended the grammar-school and acquired a good knowledge of the Latin language. He began the study of medicine in the Andersonian university of Glasgow in 1829, eventually becoming a surgeon. In 1836, encouraged by the famed botanist William Jackson Hooker, he brought out an exsiccata work entitled ''Musci Britannici, or Pocket Herbarium of British Mosses arranged and named according to Hooker’s "British Flora"''. His botanical work impressed John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford who became his patron. In the summer of 1836 Gardner sailed from Liverpool for Rio de Janeiro, to collect natural history specimens in North Brazil, including plants, minerals, recent and fossil shells, preserved skins of birds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospores
In fungi, an ascospore is the sexual spore formed inside an ascus—the sac-like cell that defines the division Ascomycota, the largest and most diverse division of fungi. After two parental nuclei fuse, the ascus undergoes meiosis (halving of genetic material) followed by a mitosis (cell division), ordinarily producing eight genetically distinct haploid spores; most yeasts stop at four ascospores, whereas some moulds carry out extra post-meiotic divisions to yield dozens. Many asci build internal pressure and shoot their spores clear of the calm thin layer of still air enveloping the fruit body, whereas subterranean truffles depend on animals for dispersal. Development shapes both form and endurance of ascospores. A hook-shaped crozier aligns the paired nuclei; a double-membrane system then parcels each daughter nucleus, and successive wall layers of β-glucan, chitosan and lineage-specific armour envelop the incipient spores. The finished walls—smooth, ridged, spiny or g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
