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Vikos Doctors
Vikos doctors were folk healers or practical medical practitioners from the Greek area of Zagori in the 18–19th century. Etymology The Greek word ἰατρός (''iatrós'', doctor or healer) is often translated as physician. Vikos doctors () were local doctors practicing a form of herbal medicine in the 18th and 19th century. History The Vikos doctorsΒασίλης Μηνακάκης ‘Ζαγοροχώρια’ (Vasilis Minakakis ‘Zagorochoria’) Explorer, Athens, 2006 hailed from the area of central Zagori and particularly from the villages of Tsepelovo, , Papingo, Skamneli, Koukouli, Monodendri and Kapesovo. They used local herbs to heal ailments of people as well as of livestock. These herbs and parts of some other plants were being collected from the Vikos Gorge, hence the attribution. They were descendants of an ancient craft who in the Ottoman period attained great fame. Some even served as advisors in the courts of the Ottoman Sultans. One named Paschalog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Profession
A profession is a field of Work (human activity), work that has been successfully professionalized. It can be defined as a disciplined group of individuals, professionals, who adhere to ethical standards and who hold themselves out as, and are accepted by the public as possessing special knowledge and skills in a widely recognised body of learning derived from research, education and training at a high level, and who are prepared to apply this knowledge and exercise these skills in the interest of others. Professional occupations are founded upon specialized educational training, the purpose of which is to supply disinterested objective counsel and service to others, for a direct and definite compensation, wholly apart from expectation of other business gain. Medieval and early modern tradition recognized only three professions: Divinity (academic discipline), divinity, medicine, and law,Perks, R.W. (1993): ''Accounting and Society''. London: Chapman & Hall; . p.2. which were c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vikos Gorge
The Vikos Gorge or Vikos Canyon () is a gorge in the Pindus Mountains of northwestern Greece. It lies on the southern slopes of Mount Tymphe with a length of about 32 km, depth ranging from 120 to 1350 m, and a width ranging from 2500 m to only a few meters at its narrowest part. Vikos is listed as the world's "deepest relative to its width" gorge by the Guinness Book of Records among others. Etymology There are a number of views regarding the etymology of the name: *According to Ioannis Lambridis it derives from Slavic and means 'chasm' or 'gorge'. *According to Evangelos Bogas it derives from the Greek βίκος ' stamnos with ears', which denotes the shape of the gorge and the echoes caused by sounds within it. The word was recorded in the lexicon of Hesychius of Alexandria. *According to Konstantinos Amantos it derives from the Greek phytonym βικίον. *According to Konstantinos Oikonomou it derives from an Albanian word for bridge or wooden pass, ''vig-u'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vikos–Aoös National Park
The Vikos–Aoös National Park ( ''Ethnikós Drymós Víkou–Aóou'') is a national park in the region of Epirus (region), Epirus in northwestern Greece. The park, founded in 1973, is one of ten National parks of Greece, national parks in mainland Greece and is located north of the city of Ioannina, Greece, Ioannina in the northern part of the Pindus mountain range. It is named after the two major gorges of the area and encompasses of mountainous terrain, with numerous rivers, lakes, caves, deep canyons, dense coniferous and deciduous forest. The park is part of the Natura 2000 ecological network and one of UNESCO Geoparks and spans an elevation range from . Over 100,000 people visit the park each year and take part in activities including rafting, canoe-kayaking, hiking and mountain biking. The core of the park, an area of , comprises the spectacular Vikos Gorge, carved by the Voidomatis river. The gorge's main part is long, which attains a depth of , and has a width rangi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sambucus Nigra
''Sambucus nigra'' is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Viburnaceae native to most of Europe. Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, European elder, European elderberry, and European black elderberry. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry fertile soils, primarily in sunny locations. The plant is widely grown as an Ornamental plant, ornamental shrub or small tree. Both the flowers and the berries have a long tradition of culinary use, primarily for Elderflower cordial , cordial and wine. Although the plant is commonly used in dietary supplements and traditional medicine, there is no evidence-based medicine, scientific evidence that it provides any significant health benefit. Description Elderberry is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to tall and wide, rarely reaching tall. The bark, light gray when young, changes to a coarse gray outer bark with lengthwise furrowing, lenticels prominent. The leaves are arranged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artemisia Absinthium
''Artemisia absinthium'', otherwise known as common wormwood, is a species of '' Artemisia'' native to North Africa and temperate regions of Eurasia, and widely naturalized in Canada and the northern United States. It is grown as an ornamental plant and is used as an ingredient in the spirit absinthe and some other alcoholic beverages. Etymology Wormwood's relative mugwort was traditionally used as a remedy for a variety of complaints, especially those of a gynaecological nature, and so the wormwood genus bears the name of the Greek goddess of childbirth, Artemis. The specific name derives from ''apsínthion'', the Greek term for the plant. "Wormwood" itself is an alteration of Old English ''wermod'', which is of obscure origin. The German cognate ''Wermut'' is the source of the term vermouth, used in French and English to describe a kind of wine traditionally flavoured with wormwood. Description ''A. absinthium'' is a herbaceous perennial plant with fibrous roots. The stem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypericum Perforatum
''Hypericum perforatum'', commonly known as St. John's wort (sometimes perforate St. John's wort or common St. John's wort), is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is a hairless, Perennial, perennial herb with woody Root, roots, yellow Flower, flowers marked by black glands, and leaves that appear Perforation, perforated due to translucent glands, producing thousands of seeds per plant. ''H. perforatum'' is the type species of its genus, known for its historical use in folklore and traditional medicine. Probably a Hybrid (biology), hybrid between the closely related ''Hypericum attenuatum, H. attenuatum'' and ''Hypericum maculatum, H. maculatum'' (imperforate St. John's wort) that originated in Siberia, the species has Cosmopolitan distribution, spread worldwide. It can further hybridize with related species due to its Polyploidy, allopolyploid nature. It is native to much of Europe, West Asia, West and Central Asia, and parts of Africa and China and has been wide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melissa Officinalis
Lemon balm (''Melissa officinalis'') is a perennial herbaceous plant in the mint family. It has lemon-scented leaves, white or pale pink flowers, and contains essential oils and compounds like geranial and neral. It grows to a maximum height of . The species is native to south-central Europe, the Mediterranean, Central Asia, and Iran, is now naturalized worldwide and grows easily from seed in rich, moist soil. The name ''Melissa officinalis'' comes from the Greek word for “honey bee,” due to the plant’s bee-attracting flowers, and the Latin ''officinalis'', referring to its traditional use in apothecaries. It has been cultivated (and used to attract honey bees) since at least the 16th century. Lemon balm grows vigorously from seed or vegetative fragments in temperate zones, with key producers like Hungary, Egypt, and Italy cultivating various cultivars for hand-harvested leaves and low-yield essential oil, notably in Ireland. Lemon balm is used in Carmelite Water, as an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin. His discovery in 1928 of what was later named benzylpenicillin (or penicillin G) from the mould ''Penicillium rubens'' has been described as the "single greatest victory ever achieved over disease". For this discovery, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain. He also discovered the enzyme lysozyme from his nasal discharge in 1922, and along with it a bacterium he named ''Micrococcus lysodeikticus'', later renamed ''Micrococcus luteus''. Fleming was Knight Bachelor, knighted for his scientific achievements in 1944. In 1999, he was named in ''Time (magazine), Time'' magazine's list of the Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century, 100 Most Important People of the 20th century. In 2002, he was chosen in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penicillin
Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of beta-lactam antibiotic, β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from ''Penicillium'' Mold (fungus), moulds, principally ''Penicillium chrysogenum, P. chrysogenum'' and ''Penicillium rubens, P. rubens''. Most penicillins in clinical use are synthesised by ''Penicillium chrysogenum, P. chrysogenum'' using industrial fermentation, deep tank fermentation and then purified. A number of natural penicillins have been discovered, but only two purified compounds are in clinical use: benzylpenicillin, penicillin G (intramuscular injection, intramuscular or Intravenous therapy, intravenous use) and phenoxymethylpenicillin, penicillin V (given by mouth). Penicillins were among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococcus, staphylococci and streptococcus, streptococci. They are still widely used today for various bacterial infections, though many types of bacteria have developed antibiotic res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atropine
Atropine is a tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery. It is typically given intravenously or by injection into a muscle. Eye drops are also available which are used to treat uveitis and early amblyopia. The intravenous solution usually begins working within a minute and lasts half an hour to an hour. Large doses may be required to treat some poisonings. Common side effects include dry mouth, abnormally large pupils, urinary retention, constipation, and a fast heart rate. It should generally not be used in people with closed-angle glaucoma. While there is no evidence that its use during pregnancy causes birth defects, this has not been well studied so sound clinical judgment should be used. It is likely safe during breastfeeding. It is an antimuscarinic (a type of anticholinergic) that works by inhibit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spasm
A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, such as the bladder. A spasmodic muscle contraction may be caused by many medical conditions, including dystonia. Most commonly, it is a muscle cramp which is accompanied by a sudden burst of pain. A muscle cramp is usually harmless and ceases after a few minutes. It is typically caused by ion imbalance or muscle fatigue. There are other causes of involuntary muscle contractions, and some of these may cause a health problem. A series of spasms, or permanent spasms, is referred to as a "spasmism". Description and causes Spasms occur when the part of the brain that controls movement malfunctions, causing involuntary muscle activity. A spasm may be a muscle contraction caused by abnormal nerve stimulation or by abnormal activity of the muscle itself. Causes The cause of spasms is often unknown, but it can be due to an inherited genetic problem, a side effect of medicatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cholic
Colic or cholic () is a form of pain that starts and stops abruptly. It occurs due to muscular contractions of a hollow tube (small and large intestine, gall bladder, ureter, etc.) in an attempt to relieve an obstruction by forcing content out. It may be accompanied by sweating and vomiting. Types include: *Baby colic, a condition, usually in infants, characterized by incessant crying * Biliary colic, blockage by a gallstone of the common bile duct or cystic duct * Devon colic or painter's colic, a condition caused by lead poisoning Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, infertility, numbness and paresthesia, t ... * Horse colic, a potentially fatal condition experienced by horses, caused by intestinal displacement or blockage * Renal colic, a pain in the flank, characteristic of kidney stones The term i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
