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Thianitara
''Thianitara'' is a genus of Southeast Asian jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. it contains only two species, found in Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia: '' T. spectrum'' and '' T. thailandica''. It was briefly considered a junior synonym of '' Thiania'' until 2017, when it was revived by Jerzy Prószyński. Prószyński placed ''Thianitara'' in his informal group "euophryines". When synonymized with ''Thiania'', it was placed in the large tribe Euophryini, part of the Salticoida clade of the subfamily Salticinae Salticinae is a subfamily of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). It includes over 90% of the known species of jumping spiders. The subfamily is divided into two unranked clades: Amycoida and Salticoida. Description Members of the subfamily Sa ... in Maddison's 2015 classification of the family Salticidae. References Salticidae genera Salticidae Spiders of Asia Taxa named by Eugène Simon {{Jumping-spider-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thianitara Thailandica
''Thianitara'' is a genus of Southeast Asian jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. it contains only two species, found in Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia: '' T. spectrum'' and '' T. thailandica''. It was briefly considered a junior synonym of ''Thiania'' until 2017, when it was revived by Jerzy Prószyński. Prószyński placed ''Thianitara'' in his informal group "euophryines". When synonymized with ''Thiania'', it was placed in the large tribe Euophryini, part of the Salticoida clade of the subfamily Salticinae in Maddison Maddison is both a surname and a given name. It is a variant spelling of Madison. Notable people with the name include: Surname: * Ada Maddison (1869–1950), British Mathematician * Adela Maddison (1862–1929), British composer * Angus Maddiso ...'s 2015 classification of the family Salticidae. References Salticidae genera Salticidae Spiders of Asia Taxa named by Eugène Simon {{Jumping-spider-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugène Simon
Eugène Louis Simon (; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4,000 species. Work on spiders His most significant work was ''Histoire Naturelle des Araignées'' (1892–1903), an encyclopedic treatment of the spider genera of the world. It was published in two volumes of more than 1000 pages each, and the same number of drawings by Simon. Working at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, it took Simon 11 years to complete, while working at the same time on devising a taxonomic scheme that embraced the known taxa. Simon described a total of 4,650 species, and as of 2013 about 3,790 species are still considered valid. The International Society of Arachnology offers a Simon Award recognising lifetime achievement. The Eocene fossil spider species '' Cenotextricella simoni'' was named in h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and north-west of mainland Australia. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia (continent), Australia and the Indian Ocean. Apart from the British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of atolls of Maldives, 26 atolls of Maldives in South Asia, Maritime Southeast Asia is the only other subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. Mainland Southeast Asia is completely in the Northern Hemisphere. East Timor and the southern portion of Indonesia are the only parts that are south of the Equator. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salticidae Genera
Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods and use it in courtship, hunting, and navigation. Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair being particularly large. Distinguishing characteristics Jumping spiders are among the easiest to distinguish from similar spider families because of the shape of the cephalothorax and their eye patt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wayne Maddison
Wayne Paul Maddison , is a professor and Canada Research Chair at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British Columbia, and the Director of the Spencer Entomological Collection at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum. His research concerns the phylogeny, biodiversity, and evolution of jumping spiders (Salticidae), of which he has discovered new species and genera. He has also done research in phylogenetic theory, developing and perfecting various methods used in comparative biology, such as character state inference in internal nodes through maximum parsimony, squared-change parsimony, or character correlation through the concentrated changes test or pairwise comparisons. In collaboration with David R. Maddison, he worked on thMesquiteopen-source Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-sourc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salticinae
Salticinae is a subfamily of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). It includes over 90% of the known species of jumping spiders. The subfamily is divided into two unranked clades: Amycoida and Salticoida. Description Members of the subfamily Salticinae have a number of features in common that distinguish them from the remaining salticids. Females lack a tarsal claw on the pedipalp. The palpal bulb of male basal salticids has a distinctive median apophysis, which is absent in the subfamily, and the cymbium is constricted at the tibial joint. Members also have a more complex tracheal system, which may be connected with their movements, which are more abrupt than other salticids, giving them a recognizable gait. Taxonomy Phylogeny The relationships among the basal salticids are not yet fully resolved; summary cladograms published in both 2014 and 2015 show unresolved branching for five basal subfamilies. However, Hisponinae is resolved as sister to Salticinae, which is the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salticoida
Salticoida is an unranked clade of the jumping spider family Salticidae. It is the larger and more widespread of the two subdivisions of the "typical" jumping spiders (subfamily Salticinae), occurring effectively world-wide. Its sister clade is Amycoida, which is also very diverse ecologically but has a mostly South American distribution. Systematics and evolution Salticoida includes the bulk of extant jumping spider diversity, with over 400 genera organized phylogenetically into 18 tribes according to Wayne Maddison's 2015 proposal. The age and origin of the Salticoida are not well determined. Certainly, by the late Paleogene the major lineages were recognizably distinct as indicated by the fossil evidence and molecular phylogeny. Thus, the salticoids presumably originated during or around the PETM or a bit earlier, but no corresponding fossils have been found yet. Their sister lineage, the Amycoida, probably originated by dispersal across the ocean to South America, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thiania
''Thiania'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1846. Species it contains twenty-three species, found in Asia from Pakistan to the Philippines, with one species found on Hawaii: *''Thiania abdominalis'' Zabka, 1985 – China, Vietnam *''Thiania aura'' Dyal, 1935 – Pakistan *''Thiania bhamoensis'' Thorell, 1887 – India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia ( Sumatra, Bali) *''Thiania cavaleriei'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *''Thiania chrysogramma'' Simon, 1901 – China (Hong Kong) *''Thiania coelestis'' ( Karsch, 1880) – Philippines *''Thiania cupreonitens'' (Simon, 1899) – Indonesia (Sumatra) *''Thiania demissa'' (Thorell, 1892) – Indonesia *''Thiania formosissima'' (Thorell, 1890) – Borneo *''Thiania gazellae'' (Karsch, 1878) – New Guinea *'' Thiania humilis'' (Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia ( Sulawesi) *''Thiania inermis'' (Karsch, 1897) – China (Hong Kong) *''Thiania jucunda'' Thorell, 1890 – Indonesia (Sumatra) *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salticidae
Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods and use it in courtship, hunting, and navigation. Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair being particularly large. Distinguishing characteristics Jumping spiders are among the easiest to distinguish from similar spider families because of the shape of the cephalothorax and their eye patt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thianitara Spectrum
''Thiania'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1846. Species it contains twenty-three species, found in Asia from Pakistan to the Philippines, with one species found on Hawaii: *''Thiania abdominalis'' Zabka, 1985 – China, Vietnam *''Thiania aura'' Dyal, 1935 – Pakistan *''Thiania bhamoensis'' Thorell, 1887 – India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia (Sumatra, Bali) *''Thiania cavaleriei'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *''Thiania chrysogramma'' Simon, 1901 – China ( Hong Kong) *''Thiania coelestis'' ( Karsch, 1880) – Philippines *''Thiania cupreonitens'' (Simon, 1899) – Indonesia (Sumatra) *''Thiania demissa'' (Thorell, 1892) – Indonesia *''Thiania formosissima'' (Thorell, 1890) – Borneo *''Thiania gazellae'' (Karsch, 1878) – New Guinea *'' Thiania humilis'' (Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sulawesi) *'' Thiania inermis'' (Karsch, 1897) – China (Hong Kong) *'' Thiania jucunda'' Thorell, 1890 – Indonesia (Sumat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the extremity of Myanmar. Thailand also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast, and Indonesia and India to the southwest. Bangkok is the nation's capital and largest city. Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century. Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang, Sukhothai, Lan Na and Ayutthaya, which also rivalled each other. European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayuttha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
