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Theofil Kupka
Theofil Kupka (Teofil/Theophil Kupka) (born 22 August 1885 in Marklowitz/Marklowice – died 20 November 1920 in Beuthen/Bytom) was a Silesian politician. Biography Kupka's childhood was spent in Marklowitz (Marklowice), where he and his family (brothers Paul, Johann and Joseph and sister Paula) were active in the Polish-Catholic Association. He married his wife, Apolonia in Lipiny and lived with her in Beuthen. An official at a coal mine, he was put forward by Wojciech Korfanty to take over the management of the Organization Division of the Polish Plebiscite Commission in Beuthen. When Kupka became aware of its secret activities, Korfanty demanded that he change the direction and methods of plebiscite agitation. Afraid of a break, Korfanty expelled Kupka from the commission. Along with Kupka left other Silesian officials such as Cysarz, Zmuda, Gemander, Szymura, Pietruszka. This diminished Korfanty's support. In September 1920 Theofil Kupka founded the Upper Silesian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marklowice
Marklowice is a village in Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Marklowice. It lies approximately east of Wodzisław Śląski and south-west of the regional capital Katowice. Between 1975 and 1994 Marklowice was part of the town Wodzisław Śląski. In 2005 the village had a population of 5,180. The football club Polonia Marklowice, founded in 1922, plays in the village. The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called ''Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis (, 'Book of endowments of the Bishopric of Wrocław') is a Latin manuscript catalog of documents compiled in the later 13th or in the early 14th century. It lists towns and villages obliged to pay a tithe to the Bishopric of Wrocław. As a pr ...'' from around 1305 as ''item in Merclini villa debent esse XXXIII) mansi''. References {{coord, 50, 1, 6, N, 18, 31, 29, E, region:PL_type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bytom
Bytom (Polish pronunciation: ; Silesian language, Silesian: ''Bytōm, Bytōń'', ) is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. Located in the Silesian Voivodeship, the city is 7 km northwest of Katowice, the regional capital. It is one of the oldest cities in the Upper Silesia, and the former seat of the Silesian Piasts, Piast dukes of the Duchy of Bytom. Until 1532, it was in the hands of the Piast dynasty, then it belonged to the House of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern dynasty. After 1623 it was a state country in the hands of Henckel von Donnersmarck, the Donnersmarck family. From 1742 to 1945 the town was within the borders of Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia and Germany, and played an important role as an economic and administrative centre of the Katowice urban area, local industrial region. Until the outbreak of World War II, it was the main centre of national, social, cultural and publishing organisations fighting to preserve Polish identity in Upper Silesia. In the interbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silesia
Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8,000,000. Silesia is split into two main subregions, Lower Silesia in the west and Upper Silesia in the east. Silesia’s culture reflects its complex history and diverse influences, blending Polish, Czech, and German elements. The region is known for its distinctive Silesian language (still spoken by a minority in Upper Silesia), richly decorated folk National costumes of Poland, costumes, hearty regional Silesian cuisine, cuisine, and a mix of Gothic, Baroque, and industrial-era Silesian architecture, architecture seen in its cities and towns. The largest city of the region is Wrocław. Silesia is situated along the Oder River, with the Sudeten Mountains extending across the southern border. The region contains many historical landmarks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wojciech Korfanty
Wojciech Korfanty (; born Adalbert Korfanty; 20 April 1873 – 17 August 1939) was a Polish activist, journalist and politician, who served as a member of the German parliaments, the Reichstag and the Prussian Landtag, and later, in the Polish ''Sejm''. Briefly, he also was a paramilitary leader, known for organizing the Polish Silesian Uprisings in Upper Silesia, which after World War I was contested by Germany and Poland. Korfanty fought to protect Poles from discrimination and the policies of Germanisation in Upper Silesia before the war and sought to join Silesia to Poland after Poland regained its independence. Early life He was born the son of a coal miner in Sadzawka, part of Siemianowice (at the time ''Laurahütte''), in Prussian Silesia, then part of the German Empire. From 1895 until 1901, he studied philosophy, law, and economics, first at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (Berlin) (1895) and then at the University of Breslau, where the Marxist Wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia ( ; ; ; ; Silesian German: ; ) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy). Geography Upper Silesia is situated on the upper Oder River, north of the Eastern Sudetes mountain range and the Moravian Gate, which form the southern border with the historic Moravia region. Within the adjacent Silesian Beskids to the east, the Vistula River rises and turns eastwards, the Biała and Przemsza tributaries mark the eastern border with Lesser Poland. In the north, Upper Silesia borders on Greater Poland, and in the west on the Lower Silesian lands (the adjacent region around Wrocław also referred to as Middle Silesia). It is currently split into a larger Polish and the smaller Czech Silesian part, which is located within the Czech regions of Moravia-Silesia and Olomouc. The P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Upper Silesians
The Union of Upper Silesians (; ; Silesian: ''Ferajn Gůrnoślůnzokůw'') was an early 20th-century movement for the independence of Upper Silesia. The movement had its genesis during the revolutions of 1848. Allied with the Silesian People's Party, it dissolved in 1924 but has influenced the present-day Silesian Autonomy Movement. Origins The movement was founded by the Upper Silesian Committee (; ) on 27 November 1918 in Rybnik, Poland by three Catholics: attorney and Wodzisław Śląski Workers Council chairman Ewald Latacz; Thomas Reginek, a priest from Mikulczyce (present-day Zabrze), and educator and Racibórz Workers' and Soldiers' Council chairman Jan Reginek. The Rybnik Upper Silesian Committee demanded an "independent political stance" from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Germany and guaranteed neutrality similar to that in Switzerland and Belgium. The committee had little structure, and no political programme. On 5 December 1918 a German-language brochure, ''"Oberschlesie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ewald Latacz
Ewald Latacz (born 24 June 1885 in Kattowitz (Katowice); died 12 February 1953 in Frankfurt am Main) was a Silesian politician. He practiced as a lawyer in Racibórz since 1913, and as a civil law notary since 1919. He also co-founded the Union of Upper Silesians, a movement dedicated to independence of Upper Silesia, in 1918. He was active in the workers rights movement acting as a chairman of the Workers' Council in Wodzisław Śląski, and in the independence movement of Upper Silesia. He co-founded the Union of Upper Silesians in 1919. Latacz was a political prisoner from January to Spring 1919. He was accused by German authorities of high treason. After his release, he became a civil law notary and lawyer in Berlin during 1922–1945, specialising in work with oil companies in the period 1922–1939. A member of the Nazi party since 1933, Latacz joined three months after Hitler came to power. Latacz was also a member of the ''Nazi Union of German Lawyers'' until the end of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Musiol
Joseph Musiol (; born 22 June 1865 in Mikołów) was a Silesian politician. He served as secretary of the Catholic Trade Union, Dariusz Jerczyński, "Józef Musioł (Joseph Musiol)", in: ''Orędownicy niepodległości Śląska'', Zabrze: 2005, page 144"Joseph Musiol", in: ''Handbuch für den Preussischen Landtag. Ausgabe für die 1. Wahlperiode (von 1921 ab)'', Berlin: April 1921. as a member of the town council in Bytom, and as leader of a local group there. He was also a member of the German Catholic Centre Party and a member of the leadership of the Catholic People’s Party of Upper Silesia, an autonomic division of the Centre Party. Musiol served as a deputy in the Prussian Parliament from 26 January 1919 to 22 November 1922 and argued for the independence of Upper Silesia as a multilingual but unified state like Switzerland. He was expelled from the Catholic People's Party in April 1921 for activities that clashed with the official stance of the party. Around the same time, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silesian People's Party
The Silesian People’s Party (, , , ) was a political organization in Cieszyn Silesia that existed from 1909 to 1938 in Austrian Silesia, which later became international plebiscite territory and finally part of Czechoslovakia. The party included mainly Slavic people, who saw themselves as members of a Silesian nation. The party is seen as part of the Szlonzakian movement (, , ) or Silesian Separatist Movement. History The Silesian People's Party was founded in summer of 1908 by the principal of an elementary school, Józef Kożdoń, in Skoczów. On 7 February 1909, the party counted about 2,000 members in 30 local groups in the counties of Bielsko, Cieszyn and Fryštát. Local groups in Frydek county formed later. Members and electors of the SPP came from Protestant circles among the citizens of Cieszyn Silesia, so the largest organizations within the party existed in Bielsko and Cieszyn, where large Protestant communities lived. The party's largest local groups, as o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Kożdoń
Józef Kożdoń (; 8 September 1873 – 7 December 1949) was a Silesian autonomist politician. Biography Kożdoń was born on 8 September 1873 in Leszna Górna. He was a teacher (from 1893) and principal (from 1902) of primary schools in Strumień (1893–1898) and Skoczów (1898–1918), an active member of the Country Teachers Union in Austrian Silesia, the founder of the Polish public reading-room in Strumień and a co-founder of the German Reader's Association () in Skoczów, the founder (in summer 1908) and leader of the Silesian People's Party (1909–1938), a co-founder and general secretary of the Union of Silesians (1910–1938) in East Silesia, spokesman of autonomy or independence of Silesia and spokesman of Silesian nation, founder of the Committee for the Maintenance of Clearness of the Silesian dialect in 1910, the deputy of the Silesian Parliament in Opava in the period 1909-1918, member of the town council in Skoczów from 1911, editor of the most popular Sil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1885 Births
Events January * January 3– 4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam. * January 17 – Mahdist War in Sudan – Battle of Abu Klea: British troops defeat Mahdist forces. * January 20 – American inventor LaMarcus Adna Thompson patents a roller coaster. * January 24 – Irish rebels damage Westminster Hall and the Tower of London with dynamite. * January 26 – Mahdist War in Sudan: Troops loyal to Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad conquer Khartoum; British commander Charles George Gordon is killed. February * February 5 – King Leopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo Free State, as a personal possession. * February 9 – The first Japanese arrive in Hawaii. * February 16 – Charles Dow publishes the first edition of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The index stands at a level of 62.76, and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1920 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen in Finland, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own market town. * January 7 – Russian Civil War: The forces of White movement, Russian White Admiral Alexander Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk; the Great Siberian Ice March ensues. * January 10 ** The Treaty of Versailles takes effect, officially ending World War I. ** The League of Nations Covenant enters into force. On January 16, the organization holds its first council meeting, in Paris. * January 11 – The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic is recognised de facto by European powers in Palace of Versailles, Versailles. * January 13 – ''The New York Times'' Robert H. Goddard#Publicity and criticism, ridicules American rocket scientist Robert H. Goddard, which it will rescind following the launch of Apollo 11 in 1969. * Janua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
