Events

January

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

Polish–Soviet War The Polish–Soviet War (14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, following World War I and the Russian Revolution. After the collapse ...

: The Russian

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. **

Kauniainen Kauniainen (; ) is a town in Finland, located in the southern interior of the country. Kauniainen is situated in the southern part of the Uusimaa region, and it is Enclave and exclave, enclaved by the City of Espoo. The population of Kauniainen ...

in Finland, completely surrounded by the city of

Espoo Espoo (, ; ) is a city in Finland. It is located to the west of the capital, Helsinki, in southern Uusimaa. The population is approximately . It is the most populous Municipalities of Finland, municipality in Finland. Espoo is part of the Helsi ...

, secedes from Espoo as its own market town. *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...

–

Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...

: The forces of Russian White Admiral

Alexander Kolchak Admiral Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (; – 7 February 1920) was a Russian navy officer and polar explorer who led the White movement in the Russian Civil War. As he assumed the title of Supreme Ruler of Russia in 1918, Kolchak headed a mili ...

surrender in

Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is situated along the Yenisey, Yenisey River, and is the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk, with a p ...

; the

Great Siberian Ice March The Great Siberian Ice March () was the name given to the winter retreat of Admiral Kolchak's Siberian Army from Omsk to Chita, in the course of the Russian Civil War between 14 November 1919 and March 1920. General Vladimir Kappel, who w ...

ensues. *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...

** The

Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allies of World War I, Allied Powers. It was signed in the Palace ...

takes effect, officially ending World War I. ** The

League of Nations Covenant The Covenant of the League of Nations was the charter of the League of Nations. It was signed on 28 June 1919 as Part I of the Treaty of Versailles, and became effective together with the rest of the Treaty on 10 January 1920. Creation Early ...

enters into force. On

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...

, the organization holds its first council meeting, in Paris. *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

– The

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (), also known as the Azerbaijan People's Republic (; ), was the first secular democracy, democratic republic in the Turkic peoples, Turkic and Muslim worlds. *Tadeusz Swietochowski. ''Russia and Azerbaijan: ...

is recognised de facto by European powers in

Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; ) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, in the Yvelines, Yvelines Department of Île-de-France, Île-de-France region in Franc ...

. *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...

– ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...

'' ridicules American rocket scientist

Robert H. Goddard Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) was an American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, which was successfully lau ...

, which it will rescind following the launch of

Apollo 11 Apollo 11 was a spaceflight conducted from July 16 to 24, 1969, by the United States and launched by NASA. It marked the first time that humans Moon landing, landed on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module pilot Buzz Aldrin l ...

1969 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1969th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 969th year of the 2nd millennium, the 69th year of the 20th century, and the ...

. *

** The

Allies of World War I The Allies or the Entente (, ) was an international military coalition of countries led by the French Republic, the United Kingdom, the Russian Empire, the United States, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan against the Central Powers ...

demand that the Netherlands

extradite In an extradition, one jurisdiction delivers a person accused or convicted of committing a crime in another jurisdiction, into the custody of the other's law enforcement. It is a cooperative law enforcement procedure between the two jurisdict ...

ex-

German Emperor The German Emperor (, ) was the official title of the head of state and Hereditary monarchy, hereditary ruler of the German Empire. A specifically chosen term, it was introduced with the 1 January 1871 constitution and lasted until the abdicati ...

Wilhelm II Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until Abdication of Wilhelm II, his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as th ...

who fled there in

1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...

. **

Zeta Phi Beta Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc. () is a historically African American sorority. In 1920, five women from Howard University envisioned a sorority that would raise the consciousness of their people, encourage the highest standards of scholastic achi ...

sorority, is founded on the campus of

Howard University Howard University is a private, historically black, federally chartered research university in Washington, D.C., United States. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and accredited by the Mid ...

in Washington, D.C. *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...

–

Prohibition in the United States The Prohibition era was the period from 1920 to 1933 when the United States prohibited the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. The alcohol industry was curtailed by a succession of state legislatures, an ...

begins, with the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution which bans the sale of

alcohol Alcohol may refer to: Common uses * Alcohol (chemistry), a class of compounds * Ethanol, one of several alcohols, commonly known as alcohol in everyday life ** Alcohol (drug), intoxicant found in alcoholic beverages ** Alcoholic beverage, an alco ...

in all States. *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...

– The

American Civil Liberties Union The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is an American nonprofit civil rights organization founded in 1920. ACLU affiliates are active in all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The budget of the ACLU in 2024 was $383 million. T ...

(ACLU) is founded. *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...

– The final session of the

Paris Peace Conference Agreements and declarations resulting from meetings in Paris include: Listed by name Paris Accords may refer to: * Paris Accords, the agreements reached at the end of the London and Paris Conferences in 1954 concerning the post-war status of Germ ...

is held, even though peace treaties with Hungary and Turkey remain to be concluded. The United States does not conclude its own treaty with Germany until August 25, 1921. *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

– The Australian Country Party is officially formed. *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 ...

– The Netherlands refuses to extradite ex-German Emperor

; on May 15 he moves into

Huis Doorn Huis Doorn (; ) is a manor house and national museum in the town of Doorn in the Netherlands. The residence has early 20th-century interiors from the time when former German Emperor Wilhelm II resided there (1920–1941). Huis Doorn was first b ...

in the country where he remains permanently in exile until his death in

1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...

. *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...

– ''El Tercio de Extranjeros'' (the "Regiment of Foreigners"), later the

Spanish Legion For centuries, Spain recruited foreign soldiers to its army, forming the foreign regiments () such as the Regiment of Hibernia (formed in 1709 from Irishmen who fled their own country in the wake of the Flight of the Earls and the Penal la ...

, is established by

decree A decree is a law, legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, monarch, royal figure, or other relevant Authority, authorities, according to certain procedures. These procedures are usually defined by the constitution, Legislativ ...

of King

Alfonso XIII of Spain Alfonso XIII ( Spanish: ''Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena''; French: ''Alphonse Léon Ferdinand Marie Jacques Isidore Pascal Antoine de Bourbon''; 17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also ...

February

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

– The

South African Air Force The South African Air Force (SAAF) is the air warfare branch of South African National Defence Force, with its headquarters in Pretoria. The South African Air Force was established on 1 February 1920. The Air Force saw service in World War II a ...

(SAAF) is established, the second autonomous Air Force in the world, after the British

Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the Air force, air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. It was formed towards the end of the World War I, First World War on 1 April 1918, on the merger of t ...

(RAF).Nöthling, Kol C.J., Martins, Maj du P. (1990). ''Kroniek van die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag (1920-1990)'', (1st ed.). Direktoraat Openbare Betrekkinge, SAW. Uitgewer: Staatsdrukkery, Pretoria. Gedruk deur Promedia Drukkers, Posbus 255, Silverton, 0127. *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of " Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: ...

Estonian War of Independence The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the War of Freedom in Estonia, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the ...

: The Tartu Peace Treaty is signed, ending the war and recognizing the independence of both the

Republic of Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

and the

Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

. **

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

occupies the

Memel Territory Memel, a name derived from the Couronian-Latvian ''memelis, mimelis, mēms'' for "mute, silent", may refer to: *Memel, East Prussia, Germany, now , Lithuania **, (Klaipėda Castle Klaipėda Castle (), also known as Memelburg or Memel Castle, is ...

of East Prussia. ** Sayyid Muhammad, Khan of

Khiva Khiva ( uz-Latn-Cyrl, Xiva, Хива, ; other names) is a district-level city of approximately 93,000 people in Khorazm Region, Uzbekistan. According to archaeological data, the city was established around 2,500 years ago. In 1997, Khiva celebr ...

, abdicates. *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...

– The

Svalbard Treaty The Svalbard Treaty (originally the Spitsbergen Treaty) recognises the sovereignty of Norway over the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, at the time called Spitsbergen. The exercise of sovereignty is, however, subject to certain stipulations, and no ...

, signed by members of the League of Nations in Paris, recognises the sovereignty of

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...

over the

Arctic The Arctic (; . ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole, lying within the Arctic Circle. The Arctic region, from the IERS Reference Meridian travelling east, consists of parts of northern Norway ( ...

archipelago of

Svalbard Svalbard ( , ), previously known as Spitsbergen or Spitzbergen, is a Norway, Norwegian archipelago that lies at the convergence of the Arctic Ocean with the Atlantic Ocean. North of continental Europe, mainland Europe, it lies about midway be ...

(at this time called Spitzbergen), while giving the other signatories economic rights in the islands. *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – The Siege of Baghdad ends with the surrender of the last Abbasid caliph to Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bru ...

– General

Józef Haller Józef Haller (''de Hallenburg''; 13 August 1873 – 4 June 1960) was a Polish lieutenant general and legionary in the Polish Legions during the First World War. He was a harcmistrz (the highest Scouting instructor rank in Poland), the p ...

first performs ''

Poland's Wedding to the Sea Poland's Wedding to the Sea was a ceremony meant t‌o symbolize restored Polish access to the Baltic Sea that was lost in 1793 by the Partitions of Poland. It was first performed on 10 February 1920 by General Józef Haller at Puck. In the earl ...

'', a symbolic celebration of the restitution of Polish access to the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...

. *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...

– 24 –

Conference of London A conference is a meeting, often lasting a few days, which is organized on a particular subject, or to bring together people who have a common interest. Conferences can be used as a form of group decision-making, although discussion, not always d ...

: Leaders of the United Kingdom, France and Italy meet to discuss the

partitioning of the Ottoman Empire The partition of the Ottoman Empire (30 October 19181 November 1922) was a geopolitical event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French, and Italian troops in November 1918. The partitioning was ...

. *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...

– Switzerland joins the

League of Nations The League of Nations (LN or LoN; , SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace ...

. *

February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...

– The

League of Women Voters The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan American nonprofit political organization. Founded in 1920, its ongoing major activities include Voter registration, registering voters, providing voter information, boosting voter turnout and adv ...

is founded in Chicago. *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons ...

– A woman named

Anna Anderson Anna Anderson (born Franziska Schanzkowska; 16 December 1896 – 12 February 1984) was an impostor who claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia. Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the last Tsar and Tsarina of Russia, Nicholas II ...

tries to commit suicide in Berlin and is taken to a mental hospital where she claims she is Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia. *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...

–

1920 Gori earthquake The 1920 Gori earthquake hit the Democratic Republic of Georgia on 20 February at . The shock had a surface-wave magnitude The surface wave magnitude (M_s) scale is one of the magnitude scales used in seismology to describe the size of an ea ...

: An earthquake hits Gori in the

Democratic Republic of Georgia The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; ka, საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა, tr) was the first modern establishment of a republic of Georgia (country), Georgia, which exist ...

, killing 114. *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...

– The island province of

Marinduque Marinduque (; ), officially the Province of Marinduque, is an island province in the Philippines located in Southwestern Tagalog Region or Mimaropa, formerly designated as Region IV-B. Its capital is the municipality of Boac, the most popul ...

in the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

archipelago is founded. *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Fer ...

– In

Emeryville, California Emeryville is a city located in northwest Alameda County, California, in the United States. It lies in a corridor between the cities of Berkeley, California, Berkeley and Oakland, California, Oakland, with a border on the shore of San Francisc ...

, the first

dog racing Greyhound racing is an organized, competitive sport in which greyhounds are raced around an oval track. The sport originates from coursing. Track racing uses an artificial lure (usually a form of windsock) that travels ahead of the greyhounds o ...

track to employ an imitation

rabbit Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae (which also includes the hares), which is in the order Lagomorpha (which also includes pikas). They are familiar throughout the world as a small herbivore, a prey animal, a domesticated ...

opens. *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...

–

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...

presents his

National Socialist Program The National Socialist Program, also known as the Nazi Party Program, the 25-point Program or the 25-point Plan (), was the party program of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP, and referred to in English as the Nazi Party). Adolf ...

Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...

to the

German Workers' Party The German Workers' Party (, DAP) was a short-lived far-right political party established in the Weimar Republic after World War I. It only lasted from 5 January 1919 until 24 February 1920. The DAP was the precursor of the National Socialist ...

(''Deutsche Arbeiterpartei''), which renames itself as the

Nazi Party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor ...

(''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'').

March

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

** Hungarian

Admiral Admiral is one of the highest ranks in many navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force. Admiral is ranked above vice admiral and below admiral of ...

and statesman

Miklós Horthy Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (18 June 1868 – 9 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman who was the Regent of Hungary, regent of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Kingdom of Hungary Hungary between the World Wars, during the ...

becomes the

Regent In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

. ** The

United States Railroad Administration The United States Railroad Administration (USRA) was the name of the nationalisation, nationalized railroad system of the United States between December 28, 1917, and March 1, 1920. It was the largest American experiment with nationalization, and ...

returns control of American railroads to its constituent railroad companies. *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...

– The Syrian National Congress proclaims

Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...

independent, with

Faisal I of Iraq Faisal I bin Hussein bin Ali Al-Hashemi (, ''Fayṣal al-Awwal bin Ḥusayn bin ʻAlī al-Hāshimī''; 20 May 1885 – 8 September 1933) was King of Iraq from 23 August 1921 until his death in 1933. A member of the Hashemites, Hashemite family, ...

as king. *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes ...

– The world's first peaceful establishment of a

social democratic Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...

government takes place in

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

Hjalmar Branting Karl Hjalmar Branting (; 23 November 1860 – 24 February 1925) was a Swedish politician who was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP) from 1907 until his death in 1925, and three times Prime Minister of Sweden. When Branting c ...

takes over as

prime minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

when

Nils Edén Nils Edén (25 August 1871 – 16 June 1945) was a Swedish historian and liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1917 to 1920, and along with Hjalmar Branting acknowledged as co-architect of Sweden's transition from ...

leaves office. *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Mu ...

– 17 –

Wolfgang Kapp Wolfgang Kapp (24 July 1858 – 12 June 1922) was a German conservative and nationalist and political activist who is best known for his involvement in the eponymous 1920 Kapp Putsch. He spent most of his career working for the Prussian Mini ...

and

Walther von Lüttwitz Walther Karl Friedrich Ernst Emil Freiherr von Lüttwitz (2 February 1859 – 20 September 1942) was a German general who fought in World War I. Lüttwitz is best known for being the driving force behind the Kapp–Lüttwitz Putsch of 1920 w ...

's ''

Kapp Putsch The Kapp Putsch (), also known as the Kapp–Lüttwitz Putsch (), was an abortive coup d'état against the German national government in Berlin on 13 March 1920. Named after its leaders Wolfgang Kapp and Walther von Lüttwitz, its goal was to ...

'' (an attempted coup in Germany) briefly ousts the

Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was the German Reich, German state from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclai ...

government from Berlin, but fails due to public resistance and a general strike. *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman R ...

– The

Ruhr Red Army The Ruhr Red Army or Red Ruhr Army () was a paramilitary of 50,000 to 80,000 left-wing workers that fought in the Ruhr uprising in Weimar Germany from 13 March to 6 April 1920. The Ruhr Red Army was formed in Germany's Ruhr region in reaction ...

, a communist army 50,000 men strong, is formed in

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

. *

– 16 – Constantinople is occupied by

British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It bega ...

forces, acting for the Allied Powers against the

Turkish National Movement The Turkish National Movement (), also known as the Anatolian Movement (), the Nationalist Movement (), and the Kemalists (, ''Kemalciler'' or ''Kemalistler''), included political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries that resu ...

. Retrospectively, the

Grand National Assembly of Turkey The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( ), usually referred to simply as the GNAT or TBMM, also referred to as , in Turkish, is the Unicameralism, unicameral Turkey, Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by ...

regards this as the dissolution of the Ottoman regime in

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

. *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ar ...

–

Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...

begins using the

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian cale ...

. *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...

– The

United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...

refuses to ratify the

. *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. * 1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the las ...

– Admiral

declares that

is a monarchy, without anyone on the throne. *

March 25 Until 1752 it was the official date of the beginning of the year in England and its dominions (in the Julian calendar). Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The Southern Yan capital of Guanggu falls to the Jin dynasty general Liu Yu, ending th ...

–

Irish War of Independence The Irish War of Independence (), also known as the Anglo-Irish War, was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and Unite ...

: British recruits to the

Royal Irish Constabulary The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC, ; simply called the Irish Constabulary 1836–67) was the police force in Ireland from 1822 until 1922, when all of the island was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom. A sep ...

begin to arrive in Ireland. They become known from their improvised uniforms as the "

Black and Tans The Black and Tans () were constables recruited into the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) as reinforcements during the Irish War of Independence. Recruitment began in Great Britain in January 1920, and about 10,000 men enlisted during the conflic ...

". *

March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 624 – First Eid al-Fitr celebration. * 1021 – The death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret ...

** The German government asks France for permission to use its own troops against the rebellious

, in the French-occupied area. ** American fiction writer

F. Scott Fitzgerald Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940), widely known simply as Scott Fitzgerald, was an American novelist, essayist, and short story writer. He is best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and exces ...

makes his name with publication of ''

This Side of Paradise ''This Side of Paradise'' is the 1920 debut novel by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald. It examines the lives and morality of carefree American youth at the dawn of the Jazz Age. Its protagonist, Amory Blaine, is a handsome middle-class stu ...

''. *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Did ...

– The 1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak hits the

Great Lakes region The Great Lakes region of Northern America is a binational Canadian– American region centered on the Great Lakes that includes the U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin and the Ca ...

and

Deep South The Deep South or the Lower South is a cultural and geographic subregion of the Southern United States. The term is used to describe the states which were most economically dependent on Plantation complexes in the Southern United States, plant ...

of the United States. *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of Venice. * 1461 – Battle of Towton: Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England, bringing a ...

– Sir William Robertson is promoted to

Field Marshal Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army (in countries without the rank of Generalissimo), and as such, few persons a ...

, the first man to rise from

private Private or privates may refer to: Music * "In Private", by Dusty Springfield from the 1990 album ''Reputation'' * Private (band), a Denmark-based band * "Private" (Ryōko Hirosue song), from the 1999 album ''Private'', written and also recorded ...

(enlisted

1877 Events January * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act 1876, introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great Sioux War of 1876: Batt ...

) to the highest rank in the

British Army The British Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of the United Kingdom. the British Army comprises 73,847 regular full-time personnel, 4,127 Brigade of Gurkhas, Gurkhas, 25,742 Army Reserve (United Kingdom), volunteer reserve perso ...

April

April 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...

– The German army marches to the

Ruhr The Ruhr ( ; , also ''Ruhrpott'' ), also referred to as the Ruhr Area, sometimes Ruhr District, Ruhr Region, or Ruhr Valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 1,160/km2 and a populati ...

to fight the

. *

April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. * 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. * 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. ...

– Failed assassination attempts on General Mannerheim, retired leader of the victorious White Guard in the Finnish Civil War, led by Aleksander Weckman by order of

Eino Rahja Eino Abramovich Rahja (20 June 1885 – 26 April 1936) was a Finnish-Russian revolutionary who joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903, becoming aligned with the party's Bolshevik faction. Rahja organized Lenin's temporary escap ...

, during a White Guard parade in

Tampere Tampere is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Pirkanmaa. It is located in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Tampere is approximately , while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately . It is the most populous mu ...

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

. *

April 4 Events Pre-1600 * 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 &nd ...

–

1920 Palestine riots The 1920 Nebi Musa riots or 1920 Jerusalem riots took place in British-controlled part of Occupied Enemy Territory Administration between Sunday, 4 April, and Wednesday, 7 April 1920 in and around the Old City (Jerusalem), Old City of Jerusale ...

: Violence erupts between Arab and Jewish residents in

Jerusalem Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...

; 9 are killed, 216 injured. *

April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. * ...

– The short-lived

Far Eastern Republic The Far Eastern Republic ( rus, Дальневосточная Республика, Dal'nevostochnaya Respublika, p=dəlʲnʲɪvɐˈstotɕnəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə, links=yes; ), sometimes called the Chita Republic (, ), was a nominally indep ...

is declared in eastern

Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...

. *

April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. * 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...

–

Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution () was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It saw the destruction of the Federal Army, its ...

Álvaro Obregón Álvaro Obregón Salido (; 19 February 1880 – 17 July 1928) was a Mexican general, inventor and politician who served as the 46th President of Mexico from 1920 to 1924. Obregón was re-elected to the presidency in 1928 but was assassinated b ...

flees from Mexico City (during a trial intended to ruin his reputation) to

Guerrero Guerrero, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero, is one of the 32 states that compose the administrative divisions of Mexico, 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Guerrero, 85 municipalities. The stat ...

, where he joins Fortunato Maycotte. *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Pisonian conspiracy, Piso's plot to kill the Roman emperor, Emperor Nero and all of the List of conspiracies (political), conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callini ...

– 26 –

San Remo conference The San Remo conference was an international meeting of the post-World War I Allied Supreme Council as an outgrowth of the Paris Peace Conference, held at Castle Devachan in Sanremo, Italy, from 19 to 26 April 1920. The San Remo Resolution ...

: Representatives of Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Japan meet to determine the

League of Nations mandate A League of Nations mandate represented a legal status under international law for specific territories following World War I, involving the transfer of control from one nation to another. These mandates served as legal documents establishing th ...

s for administration of territories, following the

. *

– Germany and

Soviet Russia The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

agree to the exchange of prisoners of war. *

April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 * 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. * 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...

–

announces (in

Chilpancingo Chilpancingo de los Bravo (commonly shortened to Chilpancingo; ; Nahuatl: Chilpantzinco ()) is the capital and second-largest city of the Mexican state of Guerrero. In 2010 it had a population of 187,251 people. The municipality has an area of ...

) that he intends to fight against the rule of

Venustiano Carranza José Venustiano Carranza de la Garza (; 29 December 1859 – 21 May 1920), known as Venustiano Carranza, was a Mexican land owner and politician who served as President of Mexico from 1917 until his assassination in 1920, during the Mexican Re ...

. *

April 23 Events Pre-1600 * 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. *599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in so ...

– The

is founded by

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and revolutionary statesman who was the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death an ...

, in

Ankara Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and List of national capitals by area, the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the Central Anatolia Region, central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center ( ...

. It denounces the government of Sultan

Mehmed VI Mehmed VI Vahideddin ( ''Meḥmed-i sâdis'' or ''Vaḥîdü'd-Dîn''; or /; 14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926), also known as ''Şahbaba'' () among the Osmanoğlu family, was the last sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the penultimate Ottoman Cal ...

and announces a temporary constitution. *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

–

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin ...

and anti-Soviet Ukrainian troops attack the

in Soviet Ukraine. *

April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. * 1478 – The Pazzi family attack on Lorenzo de' Medici in order to displace the ruling Medici family kills his brother Giuliano during High Mass in Fl ...

– The

Khorezm People's Soviet Republic The Khorezm People's Soviet Republic was the state created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in February 1920, when the Khan abdicated in response to pressure. It was officially declared by the First Khorezm Kurultay (Assembly) on 26 Apri ...

is officially created by

, as the successor to the

Khanate of Khiva The Khanate of Khiva (, , uz-Latn-Cyrl, Xiva xonligi, Хива хонлиги, , ) was a Central Asian polity that existed in the historical region of Khwarazm, Khorezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid Iran, Afsharid occupat ...

. *

April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V, effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victor ...

– The

Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, also referred to as the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan SSR, Azerbaijani SSR, AzSSR, Soviet Azerbaijan or simply Azerbaijan, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent re ...

is officially created.

May

May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties ...

– A

Bolshevik coup The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. It was led by Vladimir Le ...

fails in the

. *

May 7 Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I im ...

troops occupy

Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

. The government of the

Ukrainian People's Republic The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) was a short-lived state in Eastern Europe. Prior to its proclamation, the Central Council of Ukraine was elected in March 1917 Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, as a result of the February Revolution, ...

returns to the city. **

leaves Mexico City in a large train. **

Treaty of Moscow (1920) The Treaty of Moscow (, ''Moskovskiy dogovor''; ka, მოსკოვის ხელშეკრულება, ''moskovis khelshekruleba''), signed between Soviet Russia (RSFSR) and the Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG) in Moscow on 7 May ...

recognizes the independence of the

, only to invade the country six months later. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

–

Agnès Souret Jeanne Germaine Berthe Agnès Souret (21 January 1902 – 30 September 1928) was a French Basque actress, dancer and beauty pageant titleholder who was the winner of the inaugural Miss France competition in 1920. Biography Jeanne Germaine Bert ...

is elected "The most beautiful woman in France", retrospectively considered the first

Miss France Miss France is a national beauty pageant in France held annually in December. The competition was first held in 1920, and has been organized continuously since 1947. The trademark for the pageant is owned by the company Miss France SAS, and is ...

. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurpe ...

–

Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution, social change in Russian Empire, Russia, starting in 1917. This period saw Russia Dissolution of the Russian Empire, abolish its mona ...

: Russian White soldier

Maria Bochkareva María Leontievna Bochkareva (July 1889 – 16 May 1920; , née ''Frolkova'' (Фролко́ва), nicknamed ''Yashka'') was a Russian soldier who fought in World War I and formed the Women's Battalion. She was the first Russian woman to comman ...

is executed in Soviet Russia. *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. * 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. *13 ...

Canonization of Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (1412–1431) was formally canonized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church on 16 May 1920 by Pope Benedict XV in his bull ''Divina disponente'',Pope Benedict XV, ''Divina Disponente'' (Latin), 16 May 1920, https://www.vatican.va/con ...

: Over 30,000 people attend the ceremony in Rome, including 140 descendants of Joan of Arc's family.

Pope Benedict XV Pope Benedict XV (; ; born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, ; 21 November 1854 – 22 January 1922) was head of the Catholic Church from 1914 until his death in January 1922. His pontificate was largely overshadowed by World War I a ...

presides over the rite, for which the interior of

St. Peter's Basilica The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (; ), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy. It was initiall ...

in Rome is richly decorated. ** A

referendum A referendum, plebiscite, or ballot measure is a Direct democracy, direct vote by the Constituency, electorate (rather than their Representative democracy, representatives) on a proposal, law, or political issue. A referendum may be either bin ...

in Switzerland favors joining the

. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explo ...

** French and Belgian troops leave the cities they have occupied in Germany. ** The first flight of Dutch air company

KLM KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, or simply KLM (an abbreviation for their official name Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. , ),

, from

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Re ...

to London, takes place. *

May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. * 934 – The Byzantine Empire reconquers Melitene under ...

–

's troops enter Mexico City. *

May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose h ...

–

arrives in San Antonio Tlaxcalantongo; troops of

Rodolfo Herrero Rodolfo Herrero was a Mexican military officer, noteworthy for his participation in the Mexican Revolution of 1910 to 1920. He is generally believed to be the officer responsible for the death of President Venustiano Carranza. Biography In earl ...

attack him at night and shoot him. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus ...

–

is buried in Mexico City; all of his mourning allies are arrested.

Adolfo de la Huerta Felipe Adolfo de la Huerta Marcor (; 26 May 1881 – 9 July 1955) was a Mexican politician, the 45th President of Mexico from 1 June to 30 November 1920, following the overthrow of Mexican president Venustiano Carranza, with Sonoran generals ...

is elected provisional president. *

May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire ta ...

– Ganja revolt:

Anti-Soviet Anti-Sovietism or anti-Soviet sentiment are activities that were actually or allegedly aimed against the Soviet Union or government power within the Soviet Union. Three common uses of the term include the following: * Anti-Sovietism in inter ...

opposition in the

Azerbaijan SSR The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, also referred to as the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan SSR, Azerbaijani SSR, AzSSR, Soviet Azerbaijan or simply Azerbaijan, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union be ...

launches an abortive revolt in

Ganja ''Ganja'' (, ; ) is one of the oldest and most commonly used synonyms for cannabis flower, specifically marijuana or hashish. Its usage in English dates to before 1689. Etymology ''Ganja'' is borrowed from Hindi (, IPA: �aːɲd͡ʒa� ...

. *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &nda ...

–

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk Tomáš () is a Czech name, Czech and Slovak name, Slovak given name, equivalent to the name Thomas (name), Thomas. Tomáš is also a surname (feminine: Tomášová). Notable people with the name include: Given name Sport *Tomáš Berdych (born 198 ...

becomes president of

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...

. *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops unde ...

– Floods at Louth, Lincolnshire in England kill 23.

June

June 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1411 – King Charles VI grants a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries. *1525 – 1525 Bayham Abbey riot; Villagers from Kent and ...

–

Treaty of Trianon The Treaty of Trianon (; ; ; ), often referred to in Hungary as the Peace Dictate of Trianon or Dictate of Trianon, was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference. It was signed on the one side by Hungary ...

: Peace is restored between the Allied Powers and

, which loses 72% of its territory. *

June 5 Events Pre-1600 * 830 – Theodora is crowned Byzantine empress and marries then emperor Theophilos in the Hagia Sophia. She is credited with restoring orthodoxy and the icons. * 1086 – Tutush, brother of Seljuk sultan Malik Sh ...

– Bolshevik cavalry breaks through Polish and Ukrainian lines south of Kyiv, precipitating eventual withdrawal. *

June 12 Events Pre-1600 * 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. *1206 – The Ghurid general Qutb ud-Din Aib ...

–

: The

retakes

. *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...

Essad Pasha Toptani Essad Toptani (1863/1875 – 13 June 1920) was an Albanian politician who served as the third prime minister of Albania from 1914 to 1916. He previously established the Republic of Central Albania based in Durrës. An Ottoman army officer, he ...

, nominal ruler of

Albania Albania ( ; or ), officially the Republic of Albania (), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to ...

, is assassinated by

Avni Rustemi Avni Rustemi (26 September 1895 – 22 April 1924) was an Albanian patriot, revolutionary, teacher, activist and member of the Albanian parliament. Rustemi was the leader of numerous patriotic societies and associations and also a member o ...

in Paris. ** The

United States Post Office Department The United States Post Office Department (USPOD; also known as the Post Office or U.S. Mail) was the predecessor of the United States Postal Service, established in 1792. From 1872 to 1971, it was officially in the form of a Cabinet of the Un ...

rules that children may not be sent via parcel post. *

June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of So ...

** A new border treaty between

and Denmark gives northern

Schleswig The Duchy of Schleswig (; ; ; ; ; ) was a duchy in Southern Jutland () covering the area between about 60 km (35 miles) north and 70 km (45 mi) south of the current border between Germany and Denmark. The territory has been di ...

to Denmark. ** The

Estonian Constituent Assembly The Estonian Constituent Assembly () was elected on 5–7 April 1919, called by the Estonian Provisional Government during the Estonian War of Independence. Estonian Constituent Assembly elections Activity The 120 members of the Constituent ...

adopts the first constitution of

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

, which will come into effect on

December 21 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – The Roman Senate declares Vespasian Roman emperor, emperor of Rome, the last in the Year of the Four Emperors. *1124 – Pope Honorius II is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning ...

this year. ** Duluth lynchings: Three African American circus workers are sprung from jail, subjected to a

kangaroo court Kangaroo court is an informal pejorative term for a court that ignores recognized standards of law or justice, carries little or no official standing in the territory within which it resides, and is typically convened ad hoc. A kangaroo court ma ...

and hanged by a white mob in

Duluth, Minnesota Duluth ( ) is a Port, port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of St. Louis County, Minnesota, St. Louis County. Located on Lake Superior in Minnesota's Arrowhead Region, the city is a hub for cargo shipping. The population ...

, in the northern United States. ** Australian soprano

Nellie Melba Dame Nellie Melba (born Helen Porter Mitchell; 19 May 186123 February 1931) was an Australian operatic lyric coloratura soprano. She became one of the most famous singers of the late Victorian era and the early twentieth century, and was the f ...

becomes history's first well-known performer to make a radio broadcast when she sings two arias as part of an experimental series of broadcasts from a studio at the

Marconi Company The Marconi Company was a British telecommunications and engineering company founded by Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi in 1897 which was a pioneer of wireless long distance communication and mass media broadcasting, eventually becoming on ...

's factory at

Chelmsford Chelmsford () is a city in the City of Chelmsford district in the county of Essex, England. It is the county town of Essex and one of three cities in the county, along with Colchester and Southend-on-Sea. It is located north-east of London ...

in England. *

June 22 Events Pre-1600 *217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. *168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Roman Republic, Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, Luciu ...

–

Greek Summer Offensive The Greek Summer Offensive of 1920 was an offensive by the Greek army, assisted by British forces, to capture the southern region of the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Region from the Kuva-yi Milliye (National Forces) of the provisional Turkish n ...

attacks

Turkish Turkish may refer to: * Something related to Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire * The w ...

troops. *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 *1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha, Kerbogha of Mosul at the Battle of Antioch (1098), battle of Antioch. *1360 – Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada, Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid dynasty, Nas ...

–

Sigma Tau Gamma Sigma Tau Gamma (), commonly known as Sig Tau, is a United States college social fraternity founded on June 28, 1920, at the University of Central Missouri (then known as Central Missouri State Teachers College). The fraternity was founded as a res ...

is founded on campus at the

University of Central Missouri The University of Central Missouri (UCM) is a public university in Warrensburg, Missouri, United States. In 2024, enrollment was 13,734 students from 48 states and 52 countries on its 1,561-acre campus. UCM offers 150 programs of study, incl ...

in Warrensburg, Missouri *

June 29 Events Pre-1600 * 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of Wei. * 1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. * 1170 – A major earthquake hits Syria, badly damagi ...

– The Republic of China joins the

July

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and ...

–

declares its neutrality in the

. *

July 2 This date marks the halfway point of the year. In common years, the midpoint of the year occurs at noon on this date, while in leap years, it occurs at midnight (start of the day). Events Pre-1600 * 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begin ...

–

: The

continues its offensive into

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

. *

July 7 Events Pre-1600 * 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks. * 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution. * 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...

–

Arthur Meighen Arthur Meighen ( ; June 16, 1874 – August 5, 1960) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the ninth prime minister of Canada from 1920 to 1921 and from June to September 1926. He led the Conservative Party from 1920 to 1926 and ...

becomes Canada's ninth

. *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius). * 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair ...

– The

East Prussian plebiscite The East Prussian plebiscite (), also known as the Allenstein and Marienwerder plebiscite or Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle plebiscite (), was a plebiscite for the self-determination of the regions of southern Warmia (Ermland), Masuria (Mazury, Ma ...

determines that most of the territory in question will remain German. *

July 12 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple. * 927 – King Constantine II o ...

–

Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty, also known as the Moscow Peace Treaty, was signed between Lithuania and Soviet Russia on July 12, 1920. In exchange for Lithuania's neutrality and permission to move its troops in the territory that was rec ...

: The

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

recognizes independent

Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

. *

July 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...

–

August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of ...

– The Second Congress of the

Communist International The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International, was a political international which existed from 1919 to 1943 and advocated world communism. Emerging from the collapse of the Second Internationa ...

takes place in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

and Moscow; the

Twenty-one Conditions The Twenty-one Conditions, officially the Conditions of Admission to the Communist International, are the conditions, most of which were suggested by Vladimir Lenin, to the adhesion of the socialist parties to the Third International (Comintern) cr ...

are adopted. *

July 20 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots. * 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defe ...

– The United Kingdom cedes its brief control of the key

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...

port of

Batum Batumi (; ka, ბათუმი ), historically Batum or Batoum, is the second-largest city of Georgia and the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, located on the coast of the Black Sea in Georgia's southwest, north of the border ...

to the

. *

July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became th ...

– The

Interallied Mission to Poland The Interallied Mission to Poland was a diplomatic mission launched by British Prime Minister David Lloyd George on 21 July 1920, at the height of the Polish-Soviet War, weeks before the decisive Battle of Warsaw. The purpose of this mission was ...

takes place. *

July 22 Events Pre-1600 * 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids. *1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of ...

–

sues for peace with

(which refuses). *

July 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. * 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. * 1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of S ...

–

Battle of Maysalun The Battle of Maysalun (), also known as the Battle of Maysalun Pass or the Battle of Khan Maysalun (), was a four-hour battle fought between the forces of the Arab Kingdom of Syria and the French Army of the Levant on 24 July 1920 near Khan M ...

: The

French French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...

defeat the

n army, whose leader

Yusuf al-'Azma Yusuf al-Azma (, ; ALA-LC: ''Yūsuf al-ʻAẓmah''; 1883 – 24 July 1920) was a Syrian military officer and revolutionary figure who was the minister of war of the Arab Kingdom of Syria under the governments of prime ministers Rida al-Rikabi a ...

is killed. French troops occupy

Damascus Damascus ( , ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. Kno ...

and depose

Faisal I of Syria Faisal I bin Hussein bin Ali Al-Hashemi (, ''Fayṣal al-Awwal bin Ḥusayn bin ʻAlī al-Hāshimī''; 20 May 1885 – 8 September 1933) was King of Iraq from 23 August 1921 until his death in 1933. A member of the Hashemite family, he was a l ...

as king. *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...

–

Pancho Villa Francisco "Pancho" Villa ( , , ; born José Doroteo Arango Arámbula; 5 June 1878 – 20 July 1923) was a Mexican revolutionary and prominent figure in the Mexican Revolution. He was a key figure in the revolutionary movement that forced ...

takes over Sabina and contacts Mexican president de la Huerta to offer his conditional surrender, which he signs on

July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known t ...

. *

July 29 Events Pre-1600 *587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. * 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo o ...

– The

United States Bureau of Reclamation The Bureau of Reclamation, formerly the United States Reclamation Service, is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of the Interior, which oversees water resource management, specifically as it applies to the oversight and operatio ...

begins construction of the Link River Dam, as part of the

Klamath Reclamation Project Klamath may refer to: Ethnic groups *Klamath people, a Native American people of California and Oregon **Klamath Tribes, a federally recognized group of tribes in Oregon *Klamath language, spoken by the Klamath people Places in the United States * ...

. *

July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. * 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. * 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay I ...

–

August 8 Events Pre-1600 * 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as t ...

– The 1st World Scout Jamboree is held at Olympia, London. * July 31 ** Irish-born Australian Catholic Church, Catholic Archbishop Daniel Mannix is detained on board ship by British authorities off Cobh, Queenstown and prevented from landing in Ireland or from speaking in the main Irish Catholic communities elsewhere in the United Kingdom. ** France prohibits the sale or prescription of birth control, contraceptives. ** Representatives of British people, British Revolutionary socialism, revolutionary socialist groups meet at the Cannon Street Hotel in London and agree to form the Communist Party of Great Britain.

August

* August 3 –

: Catholic Church, Catholics riot in Belfast, in protest at the continuing

presence. * August 10 – Ottoman Dynasty, Ottoman Sultan

's representatives sign the Treaty of Sèvres with the Allied Powers, confirming arrangements for the

. * August 11 – Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Bolshevik Russia Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty, recognizes independent Latvia. * August 13–August 25, 25 –

: Battle of Warsaw (1920), Battle of Warsaw – The

is defeated. * August 13 –

: The Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920, Restoration of Order in Ireland Act (passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom) receives Royal Assent, providing for Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army activists to be tried by court-martial, rather than by jury in criminal courts. * August 14–September 12 – Main events of the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium (there have been ceremonies and outlying events since April). The Olympic symbols of five interlocking rings and the associated flag are first displayed at the games. * August 19–August 25, 25 – Silesian Uprisings#Second Silesian Uprising (1920), Second Silesian Uprising: The Poles in Upper Silesia rise up against the Germans. * August 19 –

: Peasants in Tambov Governorate begin the Tambov Rebellion against the Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia. * August 20 – The first commercial radio station in the United States, 8MK (WWJ (AM), WWJ), begins operations in Detroit. It is owned by the ''Detroit News'', the first U.S. radio station owned by a newspaper. * August 22 – The Salzburg Festival in Austria is inaugurated as a regular event. * August 26 – The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing women's suffrage. * August 28–September 2 – Bukhara operation (1920), Bukhara operation: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian

and Young Bukharians overthrow the Emirate of Bukhara, leading to the establishment of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.

September

* September 5 ** Mahatma Gandhi launches the Non-cooperation movement (1909–22), Non-Cooperation Movement in India, with the goal of obtaining independence from British rule ** Presidential elections begin in Mexico. * September 8 – Gabriele D'Annunzio proclaims the Italian Regency of Carnaro in the city of Rijeka, Fiume. * September 9 – The Lotta Svärd women's paramilitary auxiliary is founded in Finland. * September 12 – The position of List of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Patriarch of the Serbs is re-established as the authority over the Serbian Orthodox Church, almost 156 years to the day after it was abolished by the Ottoman Empire in 1766. * September 16 ** Wall Street bombing: A bomb in a horse wagon (perhaps planted by ''Galleanisti'') explodes in front of the 23 Wall Street, J. P. Morgan Building in New York City, killing 38 and injuring 400. ** The Latvian Land Reform of 1920 is adopted by the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia. * September 17 – The National Football League is established, as the American Professional Football Association. * September 20 – The first soldier joins ''El Tercio de Extranjeros'' (the "Regiment of Foreigners", later the

). Under the command of José Millán Astray and Francisco Franco, its first duties are against Rifian people, Rif rebels in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. * September 21 – The Communist Party of Uruguay is founded. * September 22 – The London Metropolitan Police forms the Flying Squad, a motorised mobile detective patrol unit. * September 25 – The Treaty of Seeb is signed, ending the Muscat rebellion and granting the Imamate of Oman Autonomy from the Muscat and Oman, Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. * September 27 –

sues for peace with Poland. * September 29 ** The first domestic radio sets come to stores in the United States; a Westinghouse Electric (1886), Westinghouse radio costs $10. **

makes his first public appearance in Austria, with speeches in Vienna, Innsbruck and Salzburg.

October

* October – English writer Agatha Christie's first novel, ''The Mysterious Affair at Styles'', appears in the U.S., introducing her long-running Belgian detective character Hercule Poirot in the setting of an English country house. (The book is published in the U.K. in 1921.) * October 3 – The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe horse race first runs in Paris. * October 4 – The Mannerheim League for Child Welfare, a Finnish non-governmental organization, is founded on the initiative of Sophie Mannerheim. * October 9 – Polish–Lithuanian War: Polish troops take Vilnius. * October 10 – Carinthian Plebiscite: A large part of Carinthia (province), Carinthia Province votes to become part of Austria, rather than Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia. * October 14 – A peace treaty between the Soviet and the Finnish governments is concluded at Tartu. * October 16 –

: After the Polish army captures Ternopil, Tarnopol, Dubno, Minsk and Dryssa, the ceasefire is enforced. * October 18 – Thousands of unemployed demonstrate in London; 50 are injured. * October 26 –

is announced as the elected president of Mexico. * October 27 **The

moves its headquarters to Geneva, Switzerland. **Baron Gerhard Louis De Geer, Louis De Geer the Younger becomes the new prime minister of Sweden. *October 30 – The Communist Party of Australia is founded in Sydney. *October 31 – Dr. Frederick Banting of Ontario first records his insight on how to isolate insulin for the treatment of diabetes; the first successful human trial of insulin will occur 15 months later.

November

* November 2 ** 1920 United States presidential election: Republican United States Senator, U.S. senator Warren G. Harding defeats Democratic Party (United States), Democratic governor of Ohio James M. Cox and Socialist Eugene V. Debs, in the first national U.S. election in which women have the right to vote. ** In the United States, KDKA (AM), KDKA AM of Pittsburgh (owned by Westinghouse Electric (1886), Westinghouse) starts broadcasting as a commercial radio broadcasting, radio station. The first broadcast is the results of the 1920 United States presidential election, presidential election. ** Meiji Shrine, one of many landmark spots in Tokyo, is officially built in Japan. * November 11 – In London, The Cenotaph is unveiled and The Unknown Warrior is buried in Westminster Abbey; while in Paris the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is consecrated beneath the Arc de Triomphe. * November 12 – Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sign the Treaty of Rapallo (1920), Treaty of Rapallo. * November 13 – The White Army's last units and civilian refugees are evacuated from the Crimea onboard 126 ships, "Wrangel's fleet" (the remnants of the Imperial Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet), to Turkey, Tunisia and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, accompanied by wide-scale civilian massacres. The total number of evacuees amounts to approximately 150,000 people, of which 20% are civilians. * November 14 – The Edmonton Symphony Orchestra holds its first concert, in Alberta. * November 15 – In Geneva, the first assembly of the

is held. * November 16 – Queensland and Northern Territory Aviation Services (''Qantas'') is founded by Hudson Fysh and Paul McGinness. * November 17 – The council of the

accepts the constitution for the Free City of Danzig. * November 20 – Prince Arthur of Connaught is appointed the 3rd Governor-General of South Africa. * November 21 –

: Bloody Sunday (1920), Bloody Sunday – The Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army (IRA), on the instructions of Michael Collins (Irish leader), Michael Collins, shoot dead the "Cairo gang", 14 British undercover agents in Dublin, most in their homes. Later this day in retaliation, the Auxiliary Division of the

open fire on a crowd at a Gaelic Athletic Association football match in Croke Park, resulting in 14 deaths with 60 wounded. Three men are shot this night in Dublin Castle "while trying to escape". * November 28 **

: Kilmichael Ambush – The flying column of the 3rd Cork Brigade of the Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army, led by Tom Barry (Irish republican), Tom Barry, ambushes two lorries carrying men of the Auxiliary Division of the

at Kilmichael, County Cork, killing 17 (with 3 of its own men also dying), which leads to official reprisals. ** FIDAC (French: ''Fédération Interalliée des Anciens Combattants'', English: ''The Interallied Federation of War Veterans Organisations'') is established in Paris at the initiative of veterans from World War I, predominantly Pacifism, pacifists, joined by associations of veterans from France, the United Kingdom, United States, Belgium, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Italy and Serbia.''F.I.D.A.C. (Fédération Interalliée des Anciens Combattants) – Historique. Statuts. Règlement intérieur. Carte d’Identité FIDAC. La Médaille Scolaire FIDAC , History. Constitution. By-Laws. FIDAC Identity Card. FIDAC Educational Medal; Paris'', 1933, p. 2-3

December

* December ** The so-called Spanish flu pandemic ends with an estimated total of between seventeen and fifty million dead since

. It would be the last global pandemic until the 2009 swine flu pandemic almost 90 years later. ** The first edition of the ''Poems (Wilfred Owen), Poems'' of the English war poet Wilfred Owen, killed in action in

, appears in London, introduced by his friend Siegfried Sassoon. Only five of Owen's verses having been published in his lifetime, the collection introduces his work to many readers. It includes the 1917 poems "Anthem for Doomed Youth" and "Dulce et Decorum est", two of the best-known poetic condemnations of war. * December 1 – The

effectively ends with a new regime coming to power. * December 3 – Following more than a month of the Turkish–Armenian War, the Turkish-dictated Treaty of Alexandropol is concluded. * December 7 – The first draft of the Mandate for Palestine is submitted to the League of Nations. * December 5 – A

in Kingdom of Greece, Greece is favorable to the reinstatement of the monarchy. * December 10 –

: Martial law is declared in Counties County Cork, Cork, County Kerry, Kerry, County Limerick, Limerick and County Tipperary, Tipperary by the British authorities. * December 11 – Burning of Cork in Ireland: British forces set fire to some of the centre of Cork (city), Cork, including the City Hall, in reprisal attacks, after a British auxiliary is killed in a guerilla ambush. * December 13 – Confectionery company Haribo is founded in Bonn, Germany. * December 15–December 22, 22 – The Brussels Conference establishes a timetable for German war reparations, intended to extend for over 42 years. 1920 Gansu earthquake

* December 16 ** An 8.2 Richter magnitude scale, Richter scale 1920 Haiyuan earthquake, Haiyuan earthquake causes a landslide in Gansu, Gansu Province, China, killing 273,000. ** Finland joins the

. * December 17 – South Africa is granted a League of Nations mandate, League of Nations Class C mandate over South West Africa. * December 22 – The 8th Congress of Soviets, Congress of Soviets of the Russian SFSR adopts the GOELRO plan, the major scheme for the economic development of the country. * December 23 ** The United Kingdom and France ratify the border between French-held Syria and British-held Palestine (region), Palestine. ** The Government of Ireland Act 1920, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, receives Royal Assent from George V, providing for the partition of Ireland into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland (1921–22), Southern Ireland, with separate parliaments, granting a measure of home rule. * December 25 – The Rosicrucian Fellowship's spiritual healing temple ''The Ecclesia'' is dedicated at Mount Ecclesia, Oceanside, California.

Date unknown

* Hydrocodone, a narcotic analgesic closely related to codeine, is first synthesized in Germany, by Carl Mannich and Helene Löwenheim. * Approximate date – The HIV/AIDS Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS, pandemic almost certainly originates in Léopoldville, modern-day Kinshasa, the capital of the Belgian Congo.

Births

January

* January 2 ** Isaac Asimov, American author (d. 1992) ** George Herbig, American astronomer (d. 2013) ** Anne-Sofie Østvedt, Norwegian resistance leader (d. 2009) * January 4 – David Musuguri, Tanzanian soldier and military officer (d. 2024) * January 5 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, Italian pianist (d. 1995) * January 6 ** Sun Myung Moon, Korean evangelist, founder of the Unification Church (d. 2012) ** John Maynard Smith, English biologist (d. 2004) ** P. Chitran Namboodirippad, Indian writer (d. 2023) *

– Vincent Gardenia, American actor (d. 1992) * January 8 – Abbey Simon, American classical pianist (d. 2019) * January 9 ** Clive Dunn, British actor (d. 2012) ** Hakim Said, Pakistani scholar, philanthropist (d. 1998) ** Stefan Żywotko, Polish association football coach (d. 2022) *

** Raymond Cauchetier, French photographer (d. 2021) ** Roberto M. Levingston, Argentinian general, politician and 36th president of Argentina (d. 2015) *

– Jarbas Passarinho, Brazilian military officer, politician (d. 2016) * January 12 – Bill Reid, Canadian artist (d. 1998) *

– Jahangir Amuzegar, Iranian economist, academic and politician (d. 2018) * January 14 – Vahe Danielyan, Soviet soldier and concentration camp survivor * January 15 ** Trevor Dannatt, English architect (d. 2021) ** John O'Connor (cardinal), John O'Connor, American Catholic cardinal (d. 2000) *

– Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Peruvian Secretary-General of the United Nations, 135th Prime Minister of Peru, prime minister of Peru (d. 2020) * January 20 ** Federico Fellini, Italian film director and screenwriter (d. 1993) ** Theodore H. Geballe, American physicist (d. 2021) ** DeForest Kelley, American actor (''Star Trek'') (d. 1999) ** Fabian Ver, Filipino general (d. 1998) *

– Errol Barrow, 1st prime minister of Barbados (d. 1987) *

– Sir Alf Ramsey, English footballer and manager (d. 1999) *

** Gottfried Böhm, German architect (d. 2021) ** Charles Njonjo, Kenyan attorney and politician (d. 2022) ** Walter Frederick Morrison, American entrepreneur, inventor (d. 2010) * January 24 – Manuel Yan, Filipino general (d. 2008) * January 25 – Alicia Montoya, Mexican actress (d. 2002) * January 26 ** Heinz Kessler, German politician, military officer (d. 2017) ** Vasant Raiji, Indian cricketer (d. 2020) * January 27 ** Hiroyoshi Nishizawa, Japanese fighter ace (d. 1944) ** Helmut Zacharias, German violinist (d. 2002) * January 29 – Balantrapu Rajanikanta Rao, Indian writer (d. 2018) * January 30 ** Michael Anderson (director), Michael Anderson, English film director (d. 2018) **Ben Bagdikian, Armenian-American journalist, political commentator and critic (d. 2016) ** Delbert Mann, American television and film director (d. 2007)

February

– John Russell (equestrian), John Russell, American Olympic equestrian (d. 2020) * February 3 – Henry Heimlich, American physician, medical researcher (d. 2016) * February 4 – Giriraj Kishore, Indian activist, politician (d. 2014) * February 5 – Frank Muir, British actor, comedy writer and raconteur (d. 1998) * February 6 – Gordon Van Wylen, American physicist and author (d. 2020) * February 7 ** Jacqueline Diffring, German-born English sculptor (d. 2020) ** An Wang, Chinese-born computer pioneer (d. 1990) * February 8 – Tony Murray (businessman), Tony Murray, French-English billionaire and businessman (d. 2023) * February 11 ** Farouk of Egypt, Farouk I, King of Egypt (d. 1965) ** George Mandel, American author (d. 2021) *

** Heleno de Freitas, Brazilian footballer (d. 1959) ** Yoshiko Yamaguchi, Chinese-Japanese actress and singer (d. 2014) *

** Seneka Bibile, Sri Lankan pharmacologist (d. 1977) ** Annæus Schjødt Jr., Norwegian barrister (d. 2014) * February 16 – Anna Mae Hays, American general (d. 2018) *

–Ivo Caprino, Norwegian film director (d. 2001) * February 18 – Eddie Slovik, U.S. Army private, only deserter to be executed during World War II (d. 1945) *

– Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (d. 1948) *

– Fortune FitzRoy, Duchess of Grafton, English noble (d. 2021) * February 26 ** Hilmar Baunsgaard, Danish politician (d. 1989) ** Tony Randall, American actor (d. 2004) ** Lucjan Wolanowski, Polish journalist, writer and traveler (d. 2006) ** Henry Hu, Hong Kong barrister * February 28 ** Alf Kjellin, Swedish film actor and director (d. 1988) ** Jadwiga Piłsudska, Polish pilot (d. 2014) ** Zaim Topčić, Bosnian writer (d. 1990) * February 29 ** Howard Nemerov, American poet (d. 1991) ** Michele Morgan, French actress (d. 2016)

March

* March 3 ** James Doohan, Canadian actor, voice actor, author and soldier (''Star Trek'') (d. 2005) ** Ronald Searle, British cartoonist (d. 2011) * March 4 – Jean Lecanuet, French politician (d. 1993) * March 5 – Rachel Gurney, British actress (d. 2001) * March 6 ** Lewis Gilbert, British film director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2018) ** Celina Seghi, Italian alpine skier (d. 2022) * March 8 – Ingemar Hedberg, Swedish canoeist (d. 2019) * March 9 – Franjo Mihalić, Croatian-Serbian athlete (d. 2015) *

** Robert Cardenas, American Air Force general (d. 2022) ** Alfred Peet, Dutch-American entrepreneur, founder of Peet's Coffee & Tea (d. 2007) ** Boris Vian, French writer, poet, singer and musician (d. 1959) * March 11 ** Nicolaas Bloembergen, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017) ** Ben Ferencz, Hungarian-American lawyer (d. 2023) * March 14 – Hank Ketcham, American cartoonist (d. 2001) *

** Sid Hartman, American sports journalist (d. 2020) ** Lawrence Sanders, American novelist (d. 1998) ** E. Donnall Thomas, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2012) * March 16 – Leo McKern, Australian actor (d. 2002) * March 17 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, founder, 2-time president and second prime minister of Bangladesh (d. 1975) * March 20 ** Pamela Harriman, English-born American diplomat, socialite (d. 1997) ** Vickie Panos, Greek-Canadian female professional baseball player (d. 1986) ** Qemal Stafa, Albanian politician (d. 1942) ** Rosemary Timperley, British author (d. 1988) * March 21 – Éric Rohmer, French film director (d. 2010) * March 22 ** Josip Manolić, Prime Minister of Croatia (d. 2024) ** Fanny Waterman, English pianist, educator (d. 2020) ** Helmut Winschermann, German oboist, conductor and teacher (d. 2021) *

** Tetsuharu Kawakami, Japanese baseball player, coach (d. 2013) ** Neal Edward Smith, American pilot, lawyer and politician (d. 2021) * March 24 – Corbin Harney, elder and spiritual leader of the Newe (Western Shoshone) people (d. 2007) *

– Patrick Troughton, English actor (d. 1987) *

– Ernest Courant, American accelerator physicist (d. 2020) * March 27 – William Moncrief, American businessman (d. 2021) *

** Marion Mann, American physician and pathologist (d. 2022) ** Gottfried Weilenmann (cyclist, born 1920), Gottfried Weilenmann, Swiss racing cyclist (d. 2018) * March 31 ** Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (d. 2014) ** Marga Minco, Dutch journalist, writer (d. 2023)

April

* April 1 ** Toshiro Mifune, Japanese actor (d. 1997) ** Yosh Uchida, American judo coach, businessman, entrepreneur and educator (d. 2024) *

– Ehsan Yarshater, Iranian scholar (d. 2018) * April 5 ** Barend Biesheuvel, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1971 until 1973 (d. 2001) ** Arthur Hailey, American writer (d. 2004) *

– Edmond H. Fischer, Swiss Americans, Swiss American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2021) * April 7 – Ravi Shankar, Indian sitar player (d. 2012) *

** Emilio Colombo, 40th prime minister of Italy (d. 2013) ** Peter O'Donnell, British author, comic strip writer (d. 2010) * April 12 – Anita Ellis (singer), Anita Ellis, Canadian-American singer and actress (d. 2015) * April 13 ** Roberto Calvi, Italian banker (d. 1982) ** Marthe Cohn, French author and Holocaust survivor (d. 2025) ** Liam Cosgrave, sixth Taoiseach of Republic of Ireland, Ireland (d. 2017) ** Theodore L. Thomas, American chemical engineer, Patent attorney and writer (d. 2005) * April 14 ** Stanley Stutz, American basketball player (d. 1975) ** Antônio Afonso de Miranda, Brazilian Catholic Church, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2021) ** Eleonore Schönborn, Austrian politician (d. 2022) * April 15 ** Thomas Szasz, Hungarian-born psychiatrist, writer (d. 2012) ** Richard von Weizsäcker, German politician, President of Germany (1984–1994) (d. 2015) * April 16 ** Prince Georg of Denmark (d. 1986) ** Bill Sidwell, Australian tennis player (d. 2021) * April 17 – Arnold Yarrow, British actor (d. 2024) * April 18 – Wang Zigan, modern papercutting artist, master of arts and crafts (d. 2000) *

** Gene Leis, American jazz guitarist, educator (d. 1993) ** Ragnar Ulstein, Norwegian journalist and writer (d. 2019) *

– John Paul Stevens, American judge, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (d. 2019) * April 21 – Edmund Adamkiewicz, German footballer (d. 1991) * April 22 – Valeri Petrov, Bulgarian poet (d. 2014) *

– Kim Hyung-suk, South Korean philosopher * April 25 ** Robert Q. Lewis, American radio and television personality (d. 1991) ** Marko Račič, Slovenian athlete (d. 2022) *

– Padú del Caribe, Aruban musician and songwriter (d. 2019) * April 27 – Guido Cantelli, Italian conductor (d. 1956) * April 30 ** Diet Eman, Dutch author and resistance worker (d. 2019) ** Gerda Lerner, Austrian-American historian and woman's history author (d. 2013) ** Captain Tom, Captain Sir Tom Moore, English army officer and fundraiser (d. 2021)

May

* May 1 – Alan Burgess (cricketer), Alan Burgess, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2021) * May 2 ** Jean-Marie Auberson, Swiss conductor (d. 2004) ** Otto Buchsbaum, Austrian-born writer, ecological activist (d. 2000) ** Joe "Mr Piano" Henderson, Scottish pianist and composer (d. 1980) ** Joan van der Waals, Dutch physicist (d. 2022) * May 5 – Jon Naar, British-American author, photographer (d. 2017) * May 6 ** Mollie Lentaigne, English medical artist and Red Cross Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse (d. 2024) ** Kamisese Mara, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, first Prime Minister of Fiji, prime minister of Fiji and President of Fiji (d. 2004) * May 8 ** Tom of Finland, Finnish artist (d. 1991) ** Jean Maran, French politician (d. 2021) ** Saul Bass, American graphic designer (d. 1996) * May 9 ** Michael Dauncey, British Army brigadier (d. 2017) ** Mitsuko Mori, Japanese actress (d. 2012) *

– Richard Adams, English novelist (d. 2016) * May 11 – Gene Hermanski, American baseball player (d. 2010) * May 12 ** John Tyler Bonner, American biologist (d. 2019) ** Gerald Stapleton, South African Battle of Britain fighter pilot (d. 2010) * May 13 – Vassos Lyssarides, Cypriot politician and physician (d. 2021) *

– Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Lebanese cardinal (d. 2019) *

– Lydia Wideman, Finnish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2019) * May 18 – Pope John Paul II (d. 2005) *

** Ted Knap, American journalist (d. 2023) ** Tina Strobos, Dutch psychiatrist known for rescuing Jews during World War II (d. 2012) *

** John Cruickshank, Scottish Victoria Cross recipient ** Betty Driver, British singer and actress (d. 2011) ** Domenico Leccisi, Italian politician (d. 2008) * May 21 – Sonja de Lennart, German fashion designer * May 22 – Helen Andelin, American author (d. 2009) * May 23 – Helen O'Connell, American singer (d. 1993) * May 25 – Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner (d. 1992) *

** John Dall, American actor (d. 1971) ** Peggy Lee, American singer (d. 2002) * May 28 – Gene Levitt, American television writer, producer and director (d. 1999) *

– John Harsanyi, Hungarian-born economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000) * May 30 ** Godfrey Binaisa, President of Uganda (d. 2010) ** James F. Leonard, American diplomat (d. 2020) ** Frederick M. Nicholas, American lawyer ** Franklin Schaffner, American film, television director (d. 1989) ** Shōtarō Yasuoka, Japanese writer (d. 2013)

June

* June 1 – Amos Yarkoni, Israeli soldier (d. 1991) * June 2 ** Marcel Reich-Ranicki, German literary critic, member of the literary Gruppe 47 (d. 2013) ** Tex Schramm, American football executive (d. 2003) ** Johnny Speight, British television scriptwriter (d. 1998) *

– Marion Motley, American football player (d. 1999) * June 10 ** Ruth Graham, American evangelist, wife of Billy Graham (d. 2007) ** Paula Stafford, Australian fashion designer (d. 2022) * June 11 ** Albin Chalandon, French politician (d. 2020) ** King Mahendra of Nepal (d. 1972) *

– Dave Berg (cartoonist), Dave Berg, American cartoonist (d. 2002) *

** Rolf Huisgen, German chemist and academic (d. 2020) ** Larry Kenney (basketball), Larry Kenney, American basketball player (d. 2021) * June 14 – Bob Brogoitti, American politician (d. 2009) *

– Alberto Sordi, Italian actor (d. 2003) * June 16 ** Eva Estrada-Kalaw, Filipino politician (d. 2017) ** José López Portillo, 51st president of Mexico (d. 2004) ** Bob Ryland, American tennis player (d. 2020) * June 17 ** Patrick Duffy (British politician), Patrick Duffy, English economist and president of the NATO Assembly ** Jacob H. Gilbert, American politician (d. 1981) ** Setsuko Hara, Japanese actress (d. 2015) ** François Jacob, French biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2013) ** Peter Le Cheminant, Guernesiase air force commander (d. 2018) * June 18 ** Utta Danella, German writer (d. 2015) ** Aster Berkhof, Belgian author and academic (d. 2020) * June 19 – Eliana Navarro, Chilean poet (d. 2006) * June 20 ** Amos Tutuola, Nigerian writer (d. 1997) ** Thomas Jefferson (musician), Thomas Jefferson, American musician (d. 1986) * June 21 – Hans Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skater (d. 2017) *

** Lester Wunderman, American executive (d. 2019) ** Jack Karwales, American football player (d. 2004) ** Walt Masterson, American right-handed baseball pitcher (d. 2008) ** Paul Frees, American voice actor (d. 1986) ** Jovito Salonga, Filipino statesman (d. 2016) * June 23 – Saleh Ajeery, Kuwaiti astronomer (d. 2022) * June 25 ** Jeanne Tomasini, Corsican writer (d. 2022) ** Lassie Lou Ahern, American actress (d. 2018) ** Ozan Marsh, American pianist (d. 1992) * June 27 – Fernando Riera, Chilean football player, manager (d. 2010) *

– Clarissa Eden, wife of British prime minister Anthony Eden (d. 2021) *

**Armin Hofmann, Swiss graphic designer (d. 2020) ** Ray Harryhausen, American animator (d. 2013) * June 30 ** Eleanor Ross Taylor, American poet (d. 2011) ** Zeno Colò, Italian Olympic alpine skier (d. 1993)

July

** George I. Fujimoto, American chemist (d. 2023) ** Aziz Sedky, Egyptian politician, engineer (d. 2008) ** Lucidio Sentimenti, Italian footballer (d. 2014) * July 3 – Lennart Bladh, Swedish politician (d. 2006) * July 4 ** Anthony Barber, British Conservative politician (d. 2005) ** Leona Helmsley, American hotel operator, real estate investor (d. 2007) * July 5 ** Mary Louise Hancock, American politician (d. 2017) ** Viola Harris, American actress (d. 2017) ** Rosemarie Springer, German equestrian (d. 2019) *

** Sandy Tatum, American golfer (d. 2017) ** William Thaddeus Coleman Jr., American attorney, politician (d. 2017) * July 10 ** Owen Chamberlain, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006) ** J. T. White, American college football assistant coach (d. 2005) ** Milo Anstadt, Dutch-Jewish writer, journalist (d. 2011) *

** Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi, South African Politician, Gazankulu Chief Minister (d. 1993) ** Yul Brynner, Russian actor (d. 1985) ** Zecharia Sitchin, Soviet-born American author (d. 2010) *

– Randolph Quirk, British linguist, life peer (d. 2017) * July 14 – Marijohn Wilkin, American songwriter (d. 2006) * July 15 ** Theresa Kobuszewski, American professional baseball player, World War II veteran (d. 2005) ** Prince Michael Andreevich of Russia (d. 2008) * July 16 ** Ulysses S. Washington, American college football player, coach (d. 2018) ** Larry Jansen, American right-handed pitcher, coach (d. 2009) * July 17 ** Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish International Olympic Committee president (d. 2010) ** Gordon Gould, American physicist (d. 2005) ** June Vincent, American actress (d. 2008) * July 18 ** Zheng Min, Chinese scholar and poet (d. 2022) ** Dolph Sweet, American actor (d. 1985) *

** Émile Idée, French professional road bicycle racer (d. 2024) ** Robert Mann, American violinist (d. 2018) ** Frank Maznicki, American football player (d. 2013) ** George Dawkes, English cricketer (d. 2006) *

** Jasper Blackall, British sailor (d. unknown) ** Byron Krieger, American foil, sabre and épée fencer (d. 2015) *

** Jean Daniel, Algerian-born French-Jewish journalist and author (d. 2020) ** Gunnar Thoresen (footballer), Gunnar Thoresen, Norwegian footballer (d. 2017) ** Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter (d. 2005) ** Isaac Stern, Ukrainian-born violinist (d. 2001) ** Ndabaningi Sithole, Zimbabwean politician (d. 2000) * July 23 ** L. Martin Griffin, American environmentalist and conservationist (d. 2024) ** Amália Rodrigues, Portuguese fado singer and actress (d. 1999) *

– Bella Abzug, American feminist politician (d. 1998) * July 25 ** Rosalind Franklin, British crystallographer (d. 1958) ** David P. Buckson, American lawyer, politician (d. 2017) * July 27 – Howard Hibbett, American translator (d. 2019) *

– Lea Padovani, Italian film actress (d. 1991) *

– Elói (footballer), Elói, Portuguese footballer (d. 2000) *

– Lady Brigid Guinness of the United Kingdom (d. 1995) * July 31 – Franca Valeri, Italian actress (d. 2020)

August

* August 1 – Sammy Lee (diver), Sammy Lee, Korean-American diver (d. 2016) * August 3 – P. D. James, English mystery novelist (d. 2014) * August 4 ** John Figueroa, Jamaican poet (d. 1999) ** Helen Thomas, American author, news service reporter, member of the White House press corps and columnist (d. 2013) * August 5 ** Bill Grayden, Australian politician ** Mickey Shaughnessy, Irish-American character actor, comedian (d. 1985) ** Selma Diamond, Canadian-American comedic actress (d. 1985) * August 6 – Ella Raines, American actress (d. 1988) *

** Glauco Della Porta, Italian politician, economist (d. 1976) ** Françoise Adret, French ballet dancer, choreographer (d. 2018) ** Mario Astorri, Italian football player, coach (d. 1989) *

** Leo Chiosso, Italian poet (d. 2006) ** Dominique Marcas, French actress (d. 2022) ** Jimmy Witherspoon, American singer (d. 1997) * August 9 ** Willi Heinrich, German Second World War veteran, later an author (d. 2005) ** Milton G. Henschel, American member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, 5th president of the Watch (d. 2003) * August 10 ** Ann Harnett, American female baseball player (d. 2006) ** Red Holzman, American basketball coach (d. 1998) * August 11 – Florence Bjelke-Petersen, Australian politician, writer (d. 2017) * August 12 – Anna-Kaarina Aalto, Finnish physician and politician (d. 1994) * August 13 – Neville Brand, American actor, highly decorated World War II combat soldier (d. 1992) * August 14 – María Teresa Linares Savio, Cuban musicologist (d. 2021) * August 15 ** Prince Konstantin of Bavaria (d.

) ** Peter Lloyd (aviator), Peter Lloyd, Australian aviator (d. 2022) * August 16 – Charles Bukowski, American writer (d. 1994) * August 17 – Maureen O'Hara, Irish-American actress (d. 2015) * August 18 ** Bob Kennedy, American baseball player, manager (d. 2005) ** Mervyn Lee, Australian politician (d. 2009) ** Shelley Winters, American actress (d. 2006) ** Godfrey Evans, English cricketer (d. 1999) * August 20 – Boris Braun, Croatian university professor and Holocaust survivor (d. 2018) * August 21 – Christopher Robin Milne, English author, bookseller (d. 1996) * August 22 – Ray Bradbury, American science fiction writer (d. 2012) * August 26 ** Prem Tinsulanonda, Thai politician, 16th prime minister of Thailand (d. 2019) ** Richard E. Bellman, American mathematician (d. 1984) * August 27 – Baptiste Manzini, American football player (d. 2008) * August 28 – Jaime de Almeida, Brazilian football player, manager (d. 1973) * August 29 – Charlie Parker, African-American saxophonist, composer (d. 1955) * August 30 – Ali Sabri, Egyptian politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Egypt, prime minister of Egypt (d. 1991)

September

* September 1 ** Richard Farnsworth, American actor, stuntman (d. 2000) ** Rayson Huang, Hong Kong chemist (d. 2015) * September 2 – Mónica Echeverría, Chilean journalist, writer, actress and a Literature professor (d. 2020) * September 5 – Apolonia Muñoz Abarca, American health professional and reproductive rights advocate (d. 2009) * September 8 **Lawrence LeShan, American psychologist, educator and author (d. 2020) **Lesław Bartelski, Polish male writers (d. 2006) * September 10 ** Robert F. Inger, American herpetologist (d. 2019) ** C. R. Rao, Indian-born American mathematician and statistician (d. 2023) ** Fabio Taglioni, Italian motorcycle engineer (d. 2001) * September 12 ** Darussalam (actor), Darussalam, Indonesian actor (d. 1993) ** Lore Lorentz, German cabaret artist, standup comedian (d. 1994) * September 13 ** Else Holmelund Minarik, Danish-American author and illustrator (d. 2012) ** Alan Sagner, American public servant, political fundraiser (d. 2018) * September 14 ** Mario Benedetti, Uruguayan writer (d. 2009) ** Don Johnson (American football), Don Johnson, American football player (d. 1965) ** Hans Pfann, German gymnast (d. 2021) ** Fuad Stephens, Malaysian politician (d. 1976) ** Lawrence Klein, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013) * September 15 – Dave Garcia, American baseball coach, manager (d. 2018) * September 17 – Marjorie Holt, American politician (d. 2018) * September 18 – Jack Warden, American actor (d. 2006) * September 19 – Roger Angell, American journalist, author and editor (d. 2022) * September 20 – Jay Ward, American animation producer (d. 1989) * September 21 – Kenneth McAlpine, English racing driver (d. 2023) * September 22 – William H. Riker, American political scientist (d. 1993) * September 23 – Mickey Rooney, American actor, dancer and entertainer (d. 2014) * September 24 ** Dick Bong, American fighter ace (d. 1945) ** Harber H. Hall, American politician (d. 2020) ** Ovadia Yosef, Israeli Chief Rabbi (d. 2013) * September 25 – Wan Haifeng, Chinese military officer (d. 2023) * September 27 ** William Conrad, American actor, film director and producer (d. 1994) ** Alan A. Freeman, English record producer (d. 1985)General Register Office; United Kingdom; Volume: ''15''; Page: ''284''. ''England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1916-2007'' [database on-line]. * September 29 – Peter D. Mitchell, English chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992) * September 30 – Milton P. Rice, American politician (d. 2018) * Unknown – Wu Ningkun, Chinese academic (d. 2019)

October

* October 1 ** Charles Daudelin, Canadian sculptor (d. 2001) ** Walter Matthau, American actor (d. 2000) * October 2 – Tun Tin, 6th Prime Minister of Burma, prime minister of Burma (d. 2020) * October 3 – Bung Tomo, Indonesian military leader and 1st Minister of State (d. 1981) * October 4 – Charles Burrell (musician), Charles Burrell, American musician * October 5 – Ralph Turlington, American politician (d. 2021) * October 6 – Pietro Consagra, Italian sculptor (d. 2005) * October 8 – Frank Herbert, American author (d. 1986) * October 9 ** Jens Bjørneboe, Norwegian author (d. 1976) ** Yusef Lateef, American jazz musician, composer (d. 2013) ** Jason Wingreen, American actor (d. 2015) * October 10 ** Gail Halvorsen, American Air Force pilot (d. 2022) ** Noah Keen, American actor (d. 2019) ** Zou Yu, Chinese jurist and politician * October 13 ** Laraine Day, American actress (d. 2007) ** Donald Russell (classicist), Donald Russell, English author (d. 2020) * October 15 – Mario Puzo, American author (d. 1999) * October 16 – Alicia Dussán de Reichel, Colombian educator (d. 2023) * October 17 **The Barry Sisters, Claire Barry, American singer (''The Barry Sisters'') (d. 2014) ** Montgomery Clift, American actor (d. 1966) ** Miguel Delibes, Spanish novelist (d. 2010) * October 18 – Melina Mercouri, Greek actress and politician (d. 1994) * October 19 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian founder of the Swadhyay Movement (d. 2003) * October 20 ** Janet Jagan, 6th president of Guyana (d. 2009) ** Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Indian politician, Chief Minister of West Bengal (d. 2010) * October 21 – Ruth Terry, American singer, actress (d. 2016) * October 22 – Timothy Leary, American psychologist, author and proponent of Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD (d. 1996) * October 23 – Vern Stephens, American baseball player (d. 1968) *October 24 – Steve Conway (singer), Steve Conway, British singer (d. 1952) * October 25 – J. Denis Summers-Smith, English ornithologist and mechanical engineer (d. 2020) * October 26 ** Sarah Lee Lippincott, American astronomer (d. 2019) ** Robert D. Maxwell, American Medal of Honor, Medal of Honour recipient (d. 2019) * October 27 – K. R. Narayanan, President of India (d. 2005) * October 29 ** Baruj Benacerraf, Venezuelan-born immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2011) ** Hilda Bernard, Argentine actress (d. 2022) * October 31 ** Dedan Kimathi, Kenyan revolutionary leader (d. 1957) ** Dick Francis, British jockey-turned-novelist (d. 2010) ** Fritz Walter, German footballer (d. 2002)

November

* November 2 – Kim Chol-man, North Korean politician and military official (d. 2018) * November 3 – Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Australian political activist, artist, and educator (d. 1993) * November 4 – Val Heim, American Major League Baseball player (d. 2019) * November 5 ** John H. Land, American politician, mayor of Apopka, Florida (d. 2014) ** Douglass North, American economist (d. 2015) * November 8 ** Sitara Devi, Indian dancer (d. 2014) ** Esther Rolle, American actress (d. 1998) ** Wally Westlake, American Major League Baseball player (d. 2019) * November 11 ** Paul Ignatius, American government official ** Walter Krupinski, German World War II fighter ace, postwar general (d. 2000) * November 12 – Josip Boljkovac, Croatian politician (d. 2014) * November 13 ** Jack Elam, American actor (d. 2003) ** Georg Olden (graphic designer), Georg Olden, African-American graphic designer (d. 1975) ** Stanley M. Truhlsen, American ophthalmologist (d. 2021) * November 14 – Mary Greyeyes, first First Nations in Canada, First Nations woman to join the Canadian Armed Forces (d. 2011) * November 15 – Wayne Thiebaud, American painter (d. 2021) * November 16 ** Eric P. Hamp, American linguist (d. 2019) ** José Lewgoy, Brazilian actor (d. 2003) * November 18 – Mustafa Khalil, 40th prime minister of Egypt (d. 2008) * November 19 – Gene Tierney, American actress (d. 1991) * November 21 ** Ralph Meeker, American actor (d. 1988) ** Stan Musial, American baseball player (d. 2013) * November 22 **Anne Crawford, British actress (d. 1956) **Baidyanath Misra, Indian economist (d. 2019) * November 23 – Paik Sun-yup, South Korean military officer (d. 2020) * November 24 – Jorge Mistral, Spanish-Mexican actor (d. 1972) * November 25 ** Noel Neill, American actress (d. 2016) ** Ricardo Montalbán, Mexican actor (d. 2009) ** Putra of Perlis, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (d. 2000) * November 27 – Buster Merryfield, British actor (d. 1999) * November 28 – Patrick Rodger, Scottish Anglican bishop (d. 2002) * November 29 ** Bob Wolff, American sportscaster (d. 2017) ** Yegor Ligachyov, Soviet and Russian politician (d. 2021) * November 30 – Virginia Mayo, American actress (d. 2005)

December

* December 1 ** Peter Baptist Tadamaro Ishigami, Japanese Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2014) ** Lê Đức Anh, 4th president of Vietnam (d. 2019) * December 5 – Poldine Carlo, American author (d. 2018) * December 6 ** Dave Brubeck, American jazz pianist and composer (d. 2012) ** George Porter, English chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002) * December 8 – Ivar Martinsen, Norwegian speed skater (d. 2018) * December 9 – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 49th Prime Minister of Italy, prime minister of Italy, 10th president of Italy (d. 2016) * December 10 – Stanko Todorov, Bulgarian communist politician (d. 1996) * December 12 ** Jorge Dória, Brazilian actor and humorist (d. 2013) ** Margot Duhalde, Chilean pilot (d. 2018) * December 13 ** Kaysone Phomvihane, 2nd president, 11th prime minister of Laos (d. 1992) ** George P. Shultz, American economist, politician and 60th United States secretary of state (d. 2021) * December 14 ** Frank T. Cary, American executive, businessman (d. 2006) ** Clark Terry, American jazz musician and composer (d. 2015) * December 15 ** Bernice Falk Haydu, American aviator (d. 2021) ** Eddie Robinson (baseball), Eddie Robinson, American Major League Baseball player (d. 2021) * December 16 – John Hale Stutesman, American public official (d. 2019) * December 17 – Ewa Paradies, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1946) * December 18 – Gianni Di Venanzo, Italian cinematographer (d. 1966) * December 19 ** Trygve Brudevold, Norwegian bobsledder (d. 2021) ** Little Jimmy Dickens, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2015) ** David Susskind, American producer, talk show host (d. 1987) * December 20 – Väinö Linna, Finnish author (d. 1992) *

** Alicia Alonso, Cuban ballerina (d. 2019) ** Iris Cummings, American Olympic swimmer and aviator (d. 2025) ** Adele Goldstine, American mathematician (d. 1964) ** Harold Lang (dancer), Harold Lang, American dancer and actor (d. 1985) ** J. Roderick MacArthur, American businessman, philanthropist (d. 1984) * December 22 – Robin Dalton, Australian literary agent and film producer (d. 2022) * December 23 – Tim Elkington, English Royal Air Force pilot (d. 2019) * December 24 – Edy Reinalter, Swiss alpine skier (d. 1962) * December 28 – Princess Antoinette, Baroness of Massy (d. 2011) * December 29 ** Josefa Iloilo, 3rd president of Fiji (d. 2011) ** Viveca Lindfors, Swedish-American actress (d. 1995) * December 30 – Jack Lord, American actor (d. 1998) * December 31 – Rex Allen, American actor, singer and songwriter (d. 1999)

Date unknown

* Mimi Jennewein, Emilia "Mimi" Jennewein, American painter (d. 2006)

Deaths

January

** Zygmunt Gorazdowski, Polish Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1845) ** Paul Adam (French novelist), Paul Adam, French Symbolist writer (b. 1862) * January 3 – Zygmunt Janiszewski, Polish mathematician; Spanish flu (b. 1888) * January 4 ** Manuel de la Cámara, Spanish admiral (b. 1835) ** Benito Pérez Galdós, Spanish novelist (b. 1843) * January 6 ** Heinrich Lammasch, Austrian statesman, last minister-president of Austria (as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire) in 1918 (b. 1853) ** Walter Cunliffe, 1st Baron Cunliffe, English banker (b. 1856) ** Hieronymus Georg Zeuthen, Danish mathematician (b. 1839) *

– Edmund Barton, Sir Edmund Barton, 1st Prime Minister of Australia, prime minister of Australia (b. 1849) * January 9 – Mikhail Bakhirev, Russian admiral; executed (b. 1868) *

– Kataoka Shichirō, Japanese admiral (b. 1854) * January 14 – John Francis Dodge, American automobile manufacturer; Spanish flu (b. 1864) * January 20 – Georg Lurich, Estonian Greco-Roman wrestler, strongman (b. 1876) * January 24 ** William Percy French, Irish songwriter and entertainer (b. 1854) ** Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter, sculptor; tuberculosis (b. 1884)

February

– Field Eugene Kindley, American World War I aviator (b. 1896) * February 3 – Frank Brown (governor), Frank Brown, 42nd governor of Maryland (b. 1846) * February 7 **

, Russian naval commander; executed (b. 1874) ** Viktor Pepelyayev, Russian politician; executed (b. 1874) *

– Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky, Austrian general (b. 1830) * February 11 – Gaby Deslys, French dancer, actress and spy; Spanish flu (b. 1881) *

– João Maria Correia Ayres de Campos, 1st Count of Ameal, Portuguese politician and antiquarian (b. 1847) * February 15 **Aleksander Aberg, Estonian professional wrestler, strongman (b. 1881) **Joseph Burton Sumner, American founder of Sumner, Mississippi (b. 1837) * February 16 – Augustus F. Goodridge, Canadian merchant and politician (b. 1839) *

– Eduard von Knorr, German admiral (b. 1840) *

** Robert Peary, American Arctic explorer (b. 1856) ** Jacinta Marto, Portuguese saint; Spanish flu (b. 1910) *

– Afonso, Duke of Porto (b. 1865) * February 27 – William Sherman Jennings, Governor of Florida (b. 1863)

March

** John H. Bankhead, U.S. senator from Alabama (b. 1842) ** William A. Stone, Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1846) ** Joseph Trumpeldor, Russian Zionist (b. 1880) * March 4 – Roswell P. Bishop, U.S. congressman from Michigan (b. 1843) *

– Jaan Poska, Estonian barrister, politician (b. 1866) * March 11 – Julio Garavito Armero, Colombian astronomer (b. 1865) * March 14 – Nikolai Korotkov, Russian surgeon (b. 1874) *

– Rudolf Berthold, German World War I fighter ace (b. 1891) * March 21 – Evelina Haverfield, British suffragette (b. 1867) * March 24 – Mary Augusta Ward, Tasmanian novelist (b. 1851) *

– William Chester Minor, American surgeon (b. 1834) * March 31 ** Paul Bachmann, German mathematician (b. 1837) ** Abdul Hamid Madarshahi, Bengali Islamic scholar and author (b. 1869) ** Lothar von Trotha, German military commander (b. 1848) ** Edwin Warfield, Governor of Maryland (b. 1848)

April

* April 1 – Walter Simon (philanthropist), Walter Simon, German philanthropist (b. 1857) * April 8 ** John Brashear, American astronomer (b. 1840) ** Charles Tomlinson Griffes, American composer (b. 1884), Spanish flu * April 10 – Moritz Cantor, German mathematical historian (b. 1829) * April 12 – Walter Edwards (director), Walter Edwards, American film director (b. 1870) * April 21 – Maria Sanford, American educator (b. 1836) *

– Srinivasa Ramanujan, Indian mathematician (b. 1887)

May

* May 1 – Princess Margaret of Connaught, Crown Princess of Sweden (b. 1882) * May 4 – Mary Catherine Crowley, American author (b. 1856) * May 8 – Johan Reinhold Sahlberg, Finnish entomologist (b. 1845) *

– John Wesley Hyatt, American inventor (b. 1837) * May 11 ** Big Jim Colosimo, Italian-born American gangster (b. 1878) ** William Dean Howells, American writer (b. 1837), Spanish flu *

** José Gómez Ortega, Joselito, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1895) ** Levi P. Morton, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 22nd Vice President of the United States (b. 1824) **

, Russian White soldier (b. 1889) * May 18 – Curry Cabral, Portuguese physician and professor (b. 1844) * May 21 **

, President of Mexico (b. 1859) ** Eleanor H. Porter, American novelist (b. 1868) * May 23 – Svetozar Boroević, Austro-Hungarian field marshal (b. 1856) * May 28 – Hardwicke Rawnsley, English clergyman, poet, writer of hymns and conservationist (b. 1851) * May 30 ** Mirza Muhammad Yusuf Ali, Bengali writer and social activist (b. 1858) ** George Ernest Morrison, Australian adventurer (b. 1862)

June

* June 2 – Francisco Plancarte y Navarrete, Mexican archaeologist and Archbishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Monterrey (b. 1856) * June 6 – James Dunsmuir, Canadian politician (b. 1851) *

–

, Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1863) * June 14 ** Ella Eaton Kellogg, American dietetician (b. 1853) ** Anna Maria Mozzoni, Italian feminist (b. 1837) ** Gabrielle Réjane, French actress (b. 1856); Spanish flu ** Max Weber, German political economist (b. 1864); Spanish flu * June 18 ** Jewett W. Adams, Governor of Nevada (b. 1835) ** John Macoun, Irish-born Canadian naturalist (b. 1831) * June 20 ** Marie-Adolphe Carnot, French chemist, mining engineer and politician (b. 1839) ** John Grigg (astronomer), John Grigg, New Zealand astronomer (b. 1838) * June 27 – Adolphe-Basile Routhier, Canadian judge, author and lyricist (b. 1839)

July

– Delfim Moreira, 10th president of Brazil (b. 1868) *

– William Louis Marshall, American general, engineer (b. 1846) * July 3 – William C. Gorgas, American Army surgeon (b. 1854) * July 5 – Max Klinger, German painter and sculptor (b. 1857) *

– Roberto Silva Renard, Chilean general (b. 1855) * July 10 – John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher, British admiral (b. 1841) *

– Empress Eugénie of France (b. 1826) * July 17 ** Charles E. Courtney, American rower, rowing coach (b. 1849) ** Sir Edmund Elton, 8th Baronet, English potter (b. 1846) * July 18 – Prince Joachim of Prussia (b. 1890) *

– Sarada Devi, Indian mystic and saint (b. 1853) *

– William Kissam Vanderbilt, American heir (b. 1849)

August

* August 1 ** Frank Hanly, Governor of Indiana (b. 1863) ** Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian nationalist (b. 1856) * August 2 – Ormer Locklear, American stunt pilot, film actor (b. 1891) * August 6 – Remus von Woyrsch, German field marshal (b. 1847) *

– Eduard Birnbaum, Polish-born German cantor (b. 1855) * August 9 – Samuel Griffith, Sir Samuel Griffith, Australian politician and judge (b. 1845) * August 10 ** Clara Lachmann, Danish-Swedish patron of the arts (b. 1864) ** James O'Neill (actor, born 1847), James O'Neill, American actor (b. 1847) ** Ádám Politzer, Austrian otologist (b. 1835) * August 12 – Hermann Struve, Russian-born astronomer (b. 1854) * August 16 ** Henry Daglish, Premier of Western Australia (b. 1866) ** Joseph Norman Lockyer, Sir Norman Lockyer, English astronomer (b. 1836) * August 17 – Ray Chapman, American baseball player (b. 1891) * August 21 – Paul W. Abt, American businessman and politician (b. 1845) * August 22 – Anders Zorn, Swedish painter (b. 1860) * August 26 – James Wilson (Secretary of Agriculture), James Wilson, Scottish-born American politician (b. 1835) * August 31 – Wilhelm Wundt, German physiologist, psychologist (b. 1832)

September

* September 7 – Simon-Napoléon Parent, Premier of Quebec (b. 1855) * September 8 – Harmon Northrop Morse, American chemist (b. 1848) * September 10 – Olive Thomas, American actress (b. 1894) * September 18 – Robert Beaven, Canadian politician (b. 1836) * September 24 – Peter Carl Fabergé, Russian jeweler (b. 1846) * September 25 – Jacob Schiff, German-born banker, philanthropist (b. 1847) * September 30 – William Wilfred Sullivan, Sir William Wilfred Sullivan, Canadian journalist, politician and jurist (b. 1843)

October

* October 2 ** Max Bruch, German composer (b. 1838) ** Winthrop M. Crane, Governor of Massachusetts and Senator (b. 1853) * October 5 – William Heinemann, English publisher (b. 1863) * October 7 – Yves Delage, French zoologist (b. 1854) * October 10 – Hudson Stuck, English mountaineer (b. 1865) * October 17 **Reginald Farrer, English botanist (b. 1880) **John Reed (journalist), John Reed, American journalist (b. 1887) * October 24 – Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (b. 1853) * October 25 – Alexander of Greece, Greek king (b. 1893) * October 27 – Agda Montelius, Swedish feminist (b. 1850)

November

* November 1 – Kevin Barry, Irish republican paramilitary; executed (b. 1902) * November 2 ** James Daly (mutineer), James Daly, Irish Mutiny, mutineer; executed (b. 1899) ** Louise Imogen Guiney, American poet and essayist (b. 1861) * November 3 – Warren Terhune, United States Navy Commander (United States)#Naval rank, Commander and 13th governor of American Samoa (b. 1869) * November 4 – Ludwig Struve, Russian astronomer (b. 1858) * November 21 – Michael Hogan (Gaelic footballer), Michael Hogan, Irish Gaelic football, footballer and activist, one of 14 civilians killed in the Croke Park massacre by British paramilitary forces (b. 1896) * November 23 – George Callaghan, Sir George Callaghan, British admiral (b. 1852) * November 25 ** Gaston Chevrolet, Swiss-born racing driver and manufacturer (b. 1892) ** Madeline McDowell Breckinridge, American leader of the women's suffrage movement, one of Kentucky's leading progressive reformers (b. 1872) * November 27 – Alexius Meinong, Austrian philosopher (b. 1853) * November 30 – Eugene W. Chafin, American politician (b. 1852)

December

* December 11 – Olive Schreiner, South African writer (b. 1855) * December 12 – Edward Gawler Prior, Canadian mining engineer and politician (b. 1854) * December 14 – George Gipp, American football player (b. 1895) * December 23 – Cayetano Arellano, first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the American Civil Government (b. 1847) * ''Unknown date'' – Nikolai Pavlovich Bobyr, Russian general; executed (b. 1854)

Date unknown

* Alimuddin Ahmad, Bengali revolutionary and activist (b. 1884) * Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov, Russian general (executed) (b. 1853)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Charles Édouard Guillaume * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Walther Nernst * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Schack August Steenberg Krogh * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Knut Hamsun * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Léon Bourgeois, Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois

References

Primary sources and year books

''New International Year Book 1920'' (1921)
Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 844 pp {{DEFAULTSORT:1920 1920, Leap years in the Gregorian calendar