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Taxodiaceae
Taxodiaceae is a formerly recognized conifer family. It is today recognised as a paraphyletic grade of basal lineages within the Cupressaceae. It contains the following living genera: *'' Athrotaxis'' *''Cryptomeria'' *'' Cunninghamia'' *'' Glyptostrobus'' *'' Metasequoia'' *'' Sequoia'' *''Sequoiadendron'' *'' Taiwania'' *''Taxodium'' As proposed, genera of the former Taxodiaceae are grouped in the following subfamilies within the larger Cupressaceae: * Athrotaxidoideae Quinn (''Athrotaxis'') * Cunninghamioideae (Sieb. & Zucc.) Quinn (''Cunninghamia'') * Sequoioideae (Luerss.) Quinn (''Sequoia'', ''Sequoiadendron,'' and ''Metasequoia'') * Taiwanioideae (Hayata) Quinn (''Taiwania'') * Taxodioideae Endl. ex K. Koch (''Taxodium'', ''Glyptostrobus'', and ''Cryptomeria' Evolution In earth's history Taxodiaceae were widespread. They are known since the Jurassic and can be found as fossil from Tertiary Tertiary (from Latin, meaning 'third' or 'of the third degree/order..') may r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinales Families
The order Pinales in the division Pinophyta, class Pinopsida, comprises all the extant conifers. The distinguishing characteristic is the reproductive structure known as a cone produced by all Pinales. All of the extant conifers, such as Araucaria, cedar, celery-pine, cypress, fir, juniper, kauri, larch, pine, redwood, spruce, and yew, are included here. Some fossil conifers, however, belong to other distinct orders within the division Pinophyta. Multiple molecular studies indicate this order being paraphyletic with respect to Gnetales, with studies recovering Gnetales as either a sister group to Pinaceae or being more derived than Pinaceae but sister to the rest of the group. Taxonomy History Brown (1825) first discerned that there were two groups of seed plants, distinguished by the form of seed development, based on whether the ovules were exposed, receiving pollen directly, or enclosed, which do not. Shortly afterwards, Brongniart (1828) coined the term '' Phanéroga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequoioideae
Sequoioideae, commonly referred to as redwoods, is a subfamily of coniferous trees within the family Cupressaceae, that range in the northern hemisphere. It includes the largest and tallest trees in the world. The trees in the subfamily are amongst the most notable trees in the world and are common ornamental trees. The subfamily reached its peak of diversity during the early Cenozoic. Description The three redwood subfamily genera are '' Sequoia'' from coastal California and Oregon, '' Sequoiadendron'' from California's Sierra Nevada, and '' Metasequoia'' in China. The redwood subfamily contains the largest and tallest trees in the world. These trees can live for thousands of years. Threats include logging, fire suppression, and burl poaching. Only two of the genera, ''Sequoia'' and ''Sequoiadendron'', are known for massive trees. Trees of '' Metasequoia'', from the single living species '' Metasequoia glyptostroboides'', are deciduous, grow much smaller (although are sti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae or the cypress family is a family of conifers. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecious or (rarely) dioecious trees and shrubs up to tall. The bark of mature trees is commonly orange- to red-brown and of stringy texture, often flaking or peeling in vertical strips, but smooth, scaly or hard and square-cracked in some species. The family reached its peak of diversity during the Mesozoic era. Description The leaves are arranged either spirally, in decussate pairs (opposite pairs, each pair at 90° to the previous pair) or in decussate whorls of three or four, depending on the genus. On young plants, the leaves are needle-like, becoming small and scale-like on mature plants of many genera; some genera and species retain needle-like leaves throughout their lives. Old leaves are mostly not shed individually, but in small sprays of foliage ( clad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glyptostrobus
''Glyptostrobus'' is a small genus of conifers in the family Cupressaceae (formerly in the family Taxodiaceae). The sole living species, '' Glyptostrobus pensilis'', is native to subtropical southeastern China, from Fujian west to southeast Yunnan, and also very locally in northern Vietnam and Bolikhamsai province of eastern Laos near the Vietnam border. Fossil record The genus formerly had a much wider range, covering most of the Northern Hemisphere, including the high Arctic in the Paleocene and Eocene. The oldest known fossils are late Cretaceous in age, found in North America. It contributed greatly to the coal swamps of the Cenozoic era. It was reduced to its current range before and during the Pleistocene ice ages.LePage, B.A. 2007. The Taxonomy and Biogeographic History of ''Glyptostrobus''Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 48(2): 359-426 Description ''G. pensilis'' is a medium-sized to large tree, reaching tall and with a trunk diameter of up to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxodioideae
Taxodioideae is a subfamily in Cupressaceae Cupressaceae or the cypress family is a family of conifers. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecious or (rarely) dioecio .... Genera See also * Taxodiaceae References Cupressaceae Plant subfamilies {{conifer-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwanioideae
''Taiwania'', with the single living species ''Taiwania cryptomerioides'', is a large coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae. Etymology ''Taiwania'' means 'from Taiwan', while ''cryptomerioides'' means 'resembling ''Cryptomeria''.Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. (hardback), (paperback). pp 127, 370 Taxonomy The genus was formerly placed in the segregate family Taxodiaceae, it is now included in the monotypic subfamily Taiwanioideae of the family Cupressaceae. It is the second most basal member of the living Cupressaceae, with only '' Cunninghamia'' being more basal. Its lineage is thought to have diverged from the rest of Cupressaceae during the Middle Jurassic. The oldest fossil assignable to the genus is from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) of Alaska. Other fossils of the genus are known from the Late Cretaceous of Asia, the Eocene of Asia and North America, and the Miocene of Europe and Asia. Range It is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cunninghamioideae
''Cunninghamia'' is a genus of one or two living species of evergreen coniferous trees in the cypress family Cupressaceae. They are native to China, northern Vietnam and Laos, and perhaps also Cambodia. They may reach in height. In vernacular use, it is most often known as ''Cunninghamia'', but is also sometimes called "China-fir" (though it is not a fir). The genus name ''Cunninghamia'' honours Dr. James Cunningham, a British doctor who introduced this species into cultivation in 1702 and botanist Allan Cunningham. A female cone Cluster of male cones Description The general shape of the tree is conical with tiered, horizontal branches that are often somewhat pendulous toward the tips. ''Cunninghamia'' bears softly spined, leathery, stiff, green to blue-green needle-like leaves that spiral around the stem with an upward arch; they are 2–7cm long and 3–5mm broad at the base, and bear two white or greenish white stomatal bands underneath and sometimes also above. The fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequoia (genus)
''Sequoia'' is a genus of redwood coniferous trees in the subfamily Sequoioideae of the family Cupressaceae. The only extant species of the genus is '' Sequoia sempervirens'' in the Northern California coastal forests ecoregion of Northern California and Southwestern Oregon in the United States. The two other genera in the subfamily Sequoioideae, '' Sequoiadendron'' and '' Metasequoia'', are closely related to ''Sequoia''. It includes the tallest trees, as well as the heaviest, in the world. Several extinct species have been named from fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserve ...s, including ''Sequoia affinis ''(Western North America) and ''Sequoia magnifica'' (petrified wood from the Yellowstone National Park area). Etymology The name ''Sequoia'' was first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conifer
Conifers () are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class (biology), class, Pinopsida. All Neontology, extant conifers are perennial plant, perennial woody plants with secondary growth. The majority are trees, though a few are shrubs. Examples include Cedrus, cedars, Pseudotsuga, Douglas-firs, Cupressaceae, cypresses, firs, junipers, Agathis, kauri, larches, pines, Tsuga, hemlocks, Sequoioideae, redwoods, spruces, and Taxaceae, yews.Campbell, Reece, "Phylum Coniferophyta". ''Biology''. 7th ed. 2005. Print. p. 595. As of 2002, Pinophyta contained seven families, 60 to 65 genera, and more than 600 living species. Although the total number of species is relatively small, conifers are ecology, ecologically important. They are the dominant plants over large areas of land, most notably ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metasequoia
''Metasequoia'', or dawn redwood, is a genus of fast-growing coniferous trees. It contains one extant (living) species, ''Metasequoia glyptostroboides'', which is one of three extant species of conifers known as redwoods in the world. ''Metasequoia glyptostroboides'' is native to Lichuan county in Hubei province, China. Although the shortest of the redwoods, it grows to at least in height. Local villagers refer to the original tree from which most others derive as ''Shuǐshān'' (水杉), or "water fir", which is part of a local shrine. Since its rediscovery in 1944, the dawn redwood has become a popular ornamental, with examples found in various parks in a variety of countries. Together with ''Sequoia sempervirens'' (coast redwood) and ''Sequoiadendron giganteum'' (giant sequoia) of California, ''Metasequoia'' is classified in the Cupressaceae subfamily Sequoioideae. ''M. glyptostroboides'' is the only living species in its genus, but three fossil species are known. Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cunninghamia
''Cunninghamia'' is a genus of one or two living species of evergreen coniferous trees in the cypress family Cupressaceae. They are native to China, northern Vietnam and Laos, and perhaps also Cambodia. They may reach in height. In vernacular use, it is most often known as ''Cunninghamia'', but is also sometimes called "China-fir" (though it is not a fir). The genus name ''Cunninghamia'' honours Dr. James Cunningham, a British doctor who introduced this species into cultivation in 1702 and botanist Allan Cunningham. A female cone Cluster of male cones Description The general shape of the tree is conical with tiered, horizontal branches that are often somewhat pendulous toward the tips. ''Cunninghamia'' bears softly spined, leathery, stiff, green to blue-green needle-like leaves that spiral around the stem with an upward arch; they are 2–7cm long and 3–5mm broad at the base, and bear two white or greenish white stomatal bands underneath and sometimes also above. The foli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwania
''Taiwania'', with the single living species ''Taiwania cryptomerioides'', is a large coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae. Etymology ''Taiwania'' means 'from Taiwan', while ''cryptomerioides'' means 'resembling ''Cryptomeria''.Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. (hardback), (paperback). pp 127, 370 Taxonomy The genus was formerly placed in the segregate family Taxodiaceae, it is now included in the monotypic subfamily Taiwanioideae of the family Cupressaceae. It is the second most basal member of the living Cupressaceae, with only ''Cunninghamia'' being more basal. Its lineage is thought to have diverged from the rest of Cupressaceae during the Middle Jurassic. The oldest fossil assignable to the genus is from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) of Alaska. Other fossils of the genus are known from the Late Cretaceous of Asia, the Eocene of Asia and North America, and the Miocene of Europe and Asia. Range It is na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
