|
Syringetin 3-rhamnoside
Syringetin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape), in ''Lysimachia congestiflora'' and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. It induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Metabolism Syringetin is formed from laricitrin by the action of the enzyme laricitrin 5′-''O''-methyltransferase ( myricetin ''O''-methyltransferase). Glycosides * Syringetin-3-''O''-galactoside * Syringetin-3-''O''-glucoside * Syringetin 3-rhamnoside (CAS number 93126-00-2) * Syringetin-3-''O''-rutinoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Syringetin 3-''O''-(6′′-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside found in ''Picea abies ''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O-methylated Flavonol
The O-methylated flavonoids or methoxyflavonoids are flavonoids with methylations on hydroxyl groups (methoxy bonds). O-methylation has an effect on the solubility of flavonoids. Enzymes O-methylated flavonoids formation implies the presence of specific O-methyltransferase (OMT) enzymes which accept a variety of substrates. Those enzymes mediate the O-methylation on a specific hydroxyl group, like on 4' (example in ''Catharanthus roseus'') or 3' (example in rice) positions. Those positions can be Arene substitution patterns, ortho, meta, para and there can be a special 3-O-methyltransferase for the 3-OH position. Calamondin orange (''Citrus mitis'') exhibits all of those activities. Plant enzymes * Apigenin 4'-O-methyltransferase * 8-hydroxyquercetin 8-O-methyltransferase * Isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase * Isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase * Isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase * Isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase * Kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase * Luteolin O-methyltransfer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picea Abies
''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the largest cones of any spruce, 9–17 cm long. It is very closely related to the Siberian spruce (''Picea obovata''), which replaces it east of the Ural Mountains, and with which it hybridizes freely. The Norway spruce has a wide distribution for it being planted for its wood, and is the species used as the main Christmas tree in several countries around the world. It was the first gymnosperm to have its genome sequenced. The Latin specific epithet ''abies'' means “like '' Abies'', Fir tree” Description Norway spruce is a large, fast-growing evergreen coniferous tree growing tall and with a trunk diameter of 1 to 1.5 m. It can grow fast when young, up to 1 m per year for the first 25 years under good conditions, but becomes slower once over tall. The shoots are orange-brown and gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syringetin 3-O-(6''-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside
Syringetin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape), in ''Lysimachia congestiflora'' and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. It induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Metabolism Syringetin is formed from laricitrin by the action of the enzyme laricitrin 5′-''O''-methyltransferase ( myricetin ''O''-methyltransferase). Glycosides * Syringetin-3-''O''-galactoside * Syringetin-3-''O''-glucoside * Syringetin 3-rhamnoside (CAS number 93126-00-2) * Syringetin-3-''O''-rutinoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Syringetin 3-''O''-(6′′-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside found in ''Picea abies ''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larix Sibirica
''Larix sibirica'', the Siberian larch or Russian larch, is a frost-hardy tree native to western Russia, from close to the Finnish border east to the Yenisei valley in central Siberia, where it hybridises with the Dahurian larch ''L. gmelinii'' of eastern Siberia; the hybrid is known as ''Larix × czekanowskii''. Description It is a medium-size to large deciduous coniferous tree reaching 20–50 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter. The crown is conic when young, becoming broad with age; the main branches are level to upswept, with the side branches often pendulous. The shoots are dimorphic, with growth divided into long shoots (typically 10–50 cm long) and bearing several buds, and short shoots only 1–2 mm long with only a single bud. It has bimorphic needles, with needles on new growth borne singly and arranged in a spiral around the branch and needles on older wood borne in clusters of 15-40 needles on short spurs. It is most easily distinguished from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syringetin 3-rhamnoside
Syringetin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape), in ''Lysimachia congestiflora'' and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. It induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Metabolism Syringetin is formed from laricitrin by the action of the enzyme laricitrin 5′-''O''-methyltransferase ( myricetin ''O''-methyltransferase). Glycosides * Syringetin-3-''O''-galactoside * Syringetin-3-''O''-glucoside * Syringetin 3-rhamnoside (CAS number 93126-00-2) * Syringetin-3-''O''-rutinoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Syringetin 3-''O''-(6′′-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside found in ''Picea abies ''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myricetin O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a myricetin O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myricetin \rightleftharpoons 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and myricetin, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and syringetin. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myricetin O-methyltransferase. References * EC 2.1.1 Enzymes of unknown structure Flavonols metabolism O-methylated flavonoids metabolism {{2.1-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Grape Variety
This list of grape varieties includes cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a table grape, fresh or dried (raisin, currant, sultana). For a complete list of all grape species including those unimportant to agriculture, see Vitis. The term ''grape variety'' refers to cultivars rather than actual botanical varieties according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, because they are propagated by cuttings and may have unstable reproductive properties. However, the term ''variety'' has become so entrenched in viticulture that any change to using the term ''cultivar'' instead is unlikely. Single species grapes While some of the grapes in this list are hybrids, they are hybridized within a single species. For those grapes hybridized across species, known as interspecific hybrids, see the section on multispecies hybrid grapes below. ''Vitis vinifera'' (wine) Red grapes White grapes Rose Grapes ''Vitis vinifera'' (table) R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laricitrin
Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in '' Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is formed from myricetin by the action of the enzyme myricetin O-methyltransferase. It is further methylated by laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase into syringetin. Glycosides * Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside, found in grape * Laricitrin 3-glucoside found in '' Larix sibirica'' * Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is f ..., found in '' Medicago littoralis'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases
In molecular biology, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. Many different stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, virus infection, ligands for heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors, transforming agents, and carcinogens, activate the ERK pathway. The term, "extracellular signal-regulated kinases", is sometimes used as a synonym for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but has more recently been adopted for a specific subset of the mammalian MAPK family. In the MAPK/ERK pathway, Ras activates c-Raf, followed by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (abbreviated as MKK, MEK, or MAP2K) and then MAPK1/2 (below). Ras is typically activated by growth hormones through receptor tyrosine kinases and GRB2/SOS, but may also receive o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
