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Laricitrin
Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in '' Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog bilberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is formed from myricetin Myricetin is a member of the flavonoid class of polyphenolic compounds, with antioxidant properties. Common dietary sources include vegetables (including tomatoes), fruits (including oranges), nuts, berries, tea, and red wine. Myricetin is stru ... by the action of the enzyme myricetin O-methyltransferase. It is further methylated by laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase into syringetin. Glycosides * Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside, found in grape * Laricitrin 3-glucoside found in '' Larix sibirica'' * Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, found in '' Medicago littoralis'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenolic Compounds In Wine
Phenolic compounds— natural phenol and polyphenols—occur naturally in wine. These include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine. These compounds include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, flavanol monomers ( catechins) and flavanol polymers (proanthocyanidins). This large group of natural phenols can be broadly separated into two categories, flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine. The non-flavonoids include the stilbenoids such as resveratrol and phenolic acids such as benzoic, caffeic and cinnamic acids. Origin of the phenolic compounds The natural phenols are not evenly distributed within the grape. Phenolic acids are largely present in the pulp, anthocyanins and stilbenoids in the skin, and other phenols ( catechins, proanthocyanidins and flavonols) in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase
Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog bilberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is formed from myricetin by the action of the enzyme myricetin O-methyltransferase. It is further methylated by laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase into syringetin. Glycosides * Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside, found in grape * Laricitrin 3-glucoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, found in ''Medicago littoralis ''Medicago littoralis'' is an annual plant species of the genus ''Medicago''. Its native range encompasses the Mediterranean Basin, from Macaronesia to the Caucasus; it has been introduced elsewhere. It is useful as a forage for livestock. As a ...'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syringetin
Syringetin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape), in '' Lysimachia congestiflora'' and in '' Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog bilberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. It induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Metabolism Syringetin is formed from laricitrin by the action of the enzyme laricitrin 5′-''O''-methyltransferase ( myricetin ''O''-methyltransferase). Glycosides * Syringetin-3-''O''-galactoside * Syringetin-3-''O''-glucoside * Syringetin 3-rhamnoside (CAS number 93126-00-2) * Syringetin-3-''O''-rutinoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Syringetin 3-''O''-(6′′-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside found in ''Picea abies ''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside
Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog bilberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is formed from myricetin by the action of the enzyme myricetin O-methyltransferase. It is further methylated by laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase into syringetin. Glycosides * Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside, found in grape * Laricitrin 3-glucoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, found in ''Medicago littoralis ''Medicago littoralis'' is an annual plant species of the genus ''Medicago''. Its native range encompasses the Mediterranean Basin, from Macaronesia to the Caucasus; it has been introduced elsewhere. It is useful as a forage for livestock. As a ...'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myricetin
Myricetin is a member of the flavonoid class of polyphenolic compounds, with antioxidant properties. Common dietary sources include vegetables (including tomatoes), fruits (including oranges), nuts, berries, tea, and red wine. Myricetin is structurally similar to fisetin, luteolin, and quercetin and is reported to have many of the same functions as these other members of the flavonol class of flavonoids. Reported average intake of myricetin per day varies depending on diet, but has been shown in the Netherlands to average 23 mg/day. Myricetin is produced from the parent compound taxifolin through the (+)-dihydromyricetin intermediate and can be further processed to form laricitrin and then syringetin, both members of the flavonol class of flavonoids. Dihydromyricetin is frequently sold as a supplement and has controversial function as a partial GABAA receptor potentiator and treatment in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Myricetin can alternatively be produced directly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O-methylated Flavonol
The O-methylated flavonoids or methoxyflavonoids are flavonoids with methylations on hydroxyl groups (methoxy bonds). O-methylation has an effect on the solubility of flavonoids. Enzymes O-methylated flavonoids formation implies the presence of specific O-methyltransferase (OMT) enzymes which accept a variety of substrates. Those enzymes mediate the O-methylation on a specific hydroxyl group, like on 4' (example in ''Catharanthus roseus'') or 3' (example in rice) positions. Those positions can be ortho, meta, para and there can be a special 3-O-methyltransferase for the 3-OH position. Calamondin orange ('' Citrus mitis'') exhibits all of those activities. Plant enzymes * Apigenin 4'-O-methyltransferase * 8-hydroxyquercetin 8-O-methyltransferase * Isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase * Isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase * Isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase * Isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase * Kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase * Luteolin O-methyltransferase * Methylquerc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Grape Variety
This list of grape varieties includes cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a table grape, fresh or dried (raisin, Zante currant, currant, sultana (grape), sultana). For a complete list of all grape species, including those unimportant to agriculture, see ''Vitis''. The term ''grape variety'' refers to cultivars (rather than the Variety (botany), botanical varieties that must be named according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants). Single-species grapes While some of the grapes in this list are hybrids, they are hybridized within a single species. For those grapes hybridized across species, known as interspecific hybrids, see the section on #Multispecies hybrid grapes, multispecies hybrid grapes below. ''Vitis vinifera'' (wine) Red grapes White grapes Rose grapes ''Vitis vinifera'' (table) Red table grapes * Black Corinth * Black Monukka * Black Rose (grape), Black Rose * Cardinal (grape), Cardinal * Mazza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaccinium Uliginosum
''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog bilberry, bog blueberry, northern bilberry or western blueberry) is a Eurasian and North American flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae. Description ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' is a small deciduous shrub growing to tall, rarely tall, with brown stems (unlike the green stems of the closely related bilberry). The leaves are oval, long and wide, blue-green with pale net-like veins, with a smooth margin and rounded apex. The flowers are pendulous, urn-shaped, pale pink, long, produced in mid-spring. The fruit is a dark blue-black berry in diameter, with a white sweet flesh, ripe in late summer. Cytology is 2n = 24. Its fruit persists for an average of 26.1 days, and bears an average of 24.7 seeds per fruit. Fruits average 86.8% water, and their dry weight includes 38.4% carbohydrates and 3.9% lipids. Subspecies Three subspecies have been described, but not all authorities distinguish them: *''Vaccinium uliginosum'' subsp. ''microphyll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myricetin O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a myricetin O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myricetin \rightleftharpoons 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and myricetin, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and syringetin. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ... of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myricetin O-methyltransferase. References * EC 2.1.1 Enzymes of unknown structure Flavonols metabolism O-methylated flavonoids metabolism {{2.1-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larix Sibirica
''Larix sibirica'', the Siberian larch or Russian larch, is a frost-hardy tree native to western Russia, from close to the Finnish border east to the Yenisei valley in central Siberia, where it hybridises with the Dahurian larch ''L. gmelinii'' of eastern Siberia; the hybrid is known as '' Larix × czekanowskii''. Description It is a medium-size to large deciduous coniferous tree reaching 20–50 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter. The crown is conic when young, becoming broad with age; the main branches are level to upswept, with the side branches often pendulous. The shoots are dimorphic, with growth divided into long shoots (typically 10–50 cm long) and bearing several buds, and short shoots only 1–2 mm long with only a single bud. It has bimorphic needles, with needles on new growth borne singly and arranged in a spiral around the branch and needles on older wood borne in clusters of 15-40 needles on short spurs. It is most easily distinguished from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
