|
Spittlebugs
The froghoppers, or the superfamily Cercopoidea, are a group of hemipteran insects in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha. Adults are capable of jumping many times their height and length, giving the group their common name, but they are best known for their plant-sucking nymphs which encase themselves in foam in springtime. Taxonomy Traditionally, most of this superfamily was considered a single family, the Cercopidae, but this family has been split into three families for many years now: the Aphrophoridae, Cercopidae, and Clastopteridae. More recently, the family Epipygidae has been removed from the Aphrophoridae. Spittlebug nymphs These families are best known for the nymphal stage, which produces a cover of foamed-up plant sap visually resembling saliva; the nymphs are therefore commonly known as spittlebugs and their foam as cuckoo spit, frog spit, or snake spit. This characteristic spittle production is associated with the unusual trait of xylem feeding. Whereas most i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machaerotidae
Machaerotidae are a family of bugs in the superfamily Cercopoidea which were formerly grouped with the other cercopids. They are sometimes called as tube-forming spittle-bugs as the nymphs form a calcareous tube within which they live. These bugs are mainly found in the Old World tropics. The adults of many genera have a long, free and spine-like process originating at the scutellum and thus superficially similar to the tree-hoppers, Membracidae. Its tegmen or forewing, like typical bugs of the suborder Heteroptera, always has a distinct, membranous apical area. Like other cercopoids, these are xylem-sap feeders. The nymph extracts calcium from the xylem fluid and constructs a calcareous tube from Malphigian gland secretions on some woody dicotyledons and immerses itself in a rather clear fluid excretion inside the tube. The tube strongly resembles the shell of certain serpulid sea worms or helicoid land snails and contain no less than 75% calcium carbonate. This habit is q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cercopidae
Cercopidae are the largest family of Cercopoidea, a xylem-feeding insect group, commonly called froghoppers or spittlebugs. They belong to the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha. Genera A-C *'' Abidama'' *''Aeneolamia'' *†'' Allocercopis'' *'' Alluaudensia'' *'' Amberana'' *'' Ambonga'' *'' Anoplosnastus'' *'' Anyllis'' *'' Aracamunia'' *'' Aufidus'' *'' Augustohahnia'' *'' Baetkia'' *'' Baibarana'' *'' Bandisia'' *†'' Berro'' *'' Blötea'' *'' Bourgoinrana'' *'' Bradypteroscarta'' *''Callitettix'' *'' Caloscarta'' *'' Carachata'' *'' Carpentiera'' *'' Catrimania'' *'' Cercopicesa'' *''Cercopis'' *†'' Cercopites'' *'' Chinana'' *'' Choconta'' *†'' Cicadellites'' *'' Clypeocarta'' *'' Colsa'' *'' Considia'' *'' Cosmoscarta'' D-F *†'' Dawsonites'' *'' Delassor'' *'' Deois'' *'' Deoisella'' *'' Dulitana'' *'' Ectemnocarta'' *'' Ectemnonotops'' *'' Ectemnonotum'' *†'' Eocercopidium'' *'' Eoscarta'' *'' Eubakeriella'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leafhopper
A leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family Cicadellidae. These minute insects, colloquially known as hoppers, are plant feeders that suck plant sap from grass, shrubs, or trees. Their hind legs are modified for jumping, and are covered with hairs that facilitate the spreading of a secretion over their bodies that acts as a water repellent and carrier of pheromones. They undergo a partial metamorphosis, and have various host associations, varying from very generalized to very specific. Some species have a cosmopolitan distribution, or occur throughout the temperate and tropical regions. Some are pests or vectors of plant viruses and phytoplasmas. The family is distributed all over the world, and constitutes the second-largest hemipteran family, with at least 20,000 described species. They belong to a lineage traditionally treated as infraorder Cicadomorpha in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, but as the latter taxon is probably not monophyletic, many mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemiptera
Hemiptera (; ) is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from to around , and share a common arrangement of piercing-sucking mouthparts. The name "true bugs" is often limited to the suborder Heteroptera. Entomologists reserve the term ''bug'' for Hemiptera or Heteroptera,Gilbert Waldbauer. ''The Handy Bug Answer Book.'' Visible Ink, 1998p. 1. which does not include other arthropods or insects of other orders such as ants, bees, beetles, or butterflies. In some variations of English, all terrestrial arthropods (including non-insect arachnids, and myriapods) also fall under the colloquial understanding of ''bug''. Many insects with "bug" in their common name, especially in American English, belong to other orders; for example, the lovebug is a fly and the Maybug and ladybug are beetles. The term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auchenorrhyncha
The Auchenorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the "Homoptera" – groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. The aphids and scale insects are the other well-known "Homoptera", and they are in the suborder Sternorrhyncha. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, and many are vectors of viral and fungal diseases of plants. It is also common for Auchenorrhyncha species to produce either audible sounds or substrate vibrations as a form of communication. Such calls range from vibrations inaudible to humans, to the calls of many species of cicadas that can be heard for hundreds of metres, at least. In season, they produce the most characteristic and ubiquitous noise of the bush. Etymology The word auchenorrhyncha is from the Greek αὐχήν, 'neck, throat' and ῥύγχος, 'snout'. Classification Debate and uncertainty as to whether the Auchenorrhy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphrophoridae
The Aphrophoridae or spittlebugs are a family of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera. There are at least 160 genera and 990 described species in Aphrophoridae. European genera * '' Aphrophora'' Germar 1821 * '' Lepyronia'' Amyot & Serville 1843 * ''Mesoptyelus'' Matsumura 1904 * '' Neophilaenus'' Haupt 1935 * ''Paraphilaenus'' Vilbaste 1962 * ''Peuceptyelus'' Sahlberg 1871 * '' Philaenus'' Stål 1864 See also * List of Aphrophoridae genera * Froghopper The froghoppers, or the superfamily Cercopoidea, are a group of hemipteran insects in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha. Adults are capable of jumping many times their height and length, giving the group their common name, but they are best known ... References ''Fauna Europaea'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clastopteridae
Clastopteridae is a family of spittlebugs in the order Hemiptera. There are at least 10 genera and 100 described species in Clastopteridae. Genera These 10 genera belong to the family Clastopteridae: * '' Allox'' Hamilton, 2014 * '' Clastoptera'' Germar, 1839 * '' Hemizygon'' Hamilton, 2014 * '' Iba'' Schmidt, 1920 * '' Parahindoloides'' Lallemand, 1951 * '' Paropia'' Germar, 1833 * '' Pseudoclastoptera'' Hamilton, 2014 * '' Taphrotylus'' Hamilton, 2015 * '' Zygon'' Hamilton, 2014 * † '' Prisciba'' Poinar, 2014 References Further reading * * External links * Auchenorrhyncha families Cercopoidea {{Auchenorrhyncha-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epipygidae
Epipygidae is a lineage of froghoppers in the insect superfamily Cercopoidea. There are at least three genera and about five described species in Epipygidae, found in the American tropics. In addition, there are more than 20 undescribed species in the family. Molecular analyses indicate that the group is monophyletic, but is clearly nested within the family Aphrophoridae The Aphrophoridae or spittlebugs are a family of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera. There are at least 160 genera and 990 described species in Aphrophoridae. European genera * '' Aphrophora'' Germar 1821 * '' Lepyronia'' Amyot & Servi ... and is probably best relegated to the status of a subfamily or tribe, rather than retained as a separate family.Cryan, J.R., Svenson, G.J. (2010) Family-level relationships of the spittlebugs and froghoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cercopoidea). Systematic Entomology, 35: 393-415. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00520.x Genera These three genera belong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treehopper
Treehoppers (more precisely typical treehoppers to distinguish them from the Aetalionidae) and thorn bugs are members of the family Membracidae, a group of insects related to the cicadas and the leafhoppers. About 3,200 species of treehoppers in over 400 genera are known.Treehoppers. Dr. Metcalf. NCSU Libraries. North Carolina State University. They are found on all continents except Antarctica; only five species are known from . Individual treehoppers usually live for only a few months. Morphology Treehoppers, due to their unusual appearance, have long interested naturalists. They are best k ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prosapia Bicincta
''Prosapia bicincta'', the two-lined spittlebug, is a species of insect in the family Cercopidae. Adults are black with two red or orange lines crossing the wings. It reaches a length of 8–10 mm. It is widespread in the eastern half of the United States. A similar but possibly distinct species can be found throughout Central America where it is considered an agricultural pest. Nymphs feed on various grasses (including centipedegrass, bermudagrass and corn) from within foam (consisting of their own spittle) produced from juices of their host plant. Adults feed on the leaves of both native and introduced species of holly ''Ilex'' (), or holly, is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. ''Ilex'' has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergree ..., as well as on the leaves of the eastern redbud tree. It is a pest of forage grasses and turf grasses s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Journal Of Experimental Biology
''Journal of Experimental Biology'' (formerly ''The British Journal of Experimental Biology)'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of comparative physiology and integrative biology. It is published by The Company of Biologists. The journal is partnered with Publons and has two-way integration with bioRxiv. ''Journal of Experimental Biology'' is now a hybrid journal and publishes 24 issues a year. Content over six months old is free to read. History ''The'' ''British Journal of Experimental Biology'' was established in Edinburgh in 1923 (''Br. J. Exp. Biol.'': ). It was published by Oliver and Boyd and edited by F. A. E. Crew with an Editorial Board of nine members, including Julian Huxley. When the journal ran into financial trouble, George Parker Bidder II, the founder of The Company of Biologists, rescued it in 1925. Sir James Gray was appointed as the journal's first Editor-in-Chief in 1925 and the journal was renamed ''The Journal of Experimental Biol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropod Leg
The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, usually used for walking. Many of the terms used for arthropod leg segments (called podomeres) are of Latin origin, and may be confused with terms for bones: ''coxa'' (meaning hip, plural ''coxae''), ''trochanter'', ''femur'' (plural ''femora''), ''tibia'' (plural ''tibiae''), ''tarsus'' (plural ''tarsi''), ''ischium'' (plural ''ischia''), ''metatarsus'', ''carpus'', ''dactylus'' (meaning finger), ''patella'' (plural ''patellae''). Homologies of leg segments between groups are difficult to prove and are the source of much argument. Some authors posit up to eleven segments per leg for the most recent common ancestor of extant arthropods but modern arthropods have eight or fewer. It has been argued that the ancestral leg need not have been so complex, and that other events, such as successive loss of function of a ''Hox''-gene, could result in parallel gains of leg segments. In arthropods, each of the leg segments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Cercopidae")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Aphrophoridae")
