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Rhinichthys
''Rhinichthys'', known as the riffle daces, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. The type species is '' Rhinichthys atratulus'', the blacknose dace. ''Rhinichthys'' species range throughout North America. One of species in this genus, the loach minnow, is considered Vulnerable. It also includes the extinct Las Vegas dace, which was only first described in 1984 and had been declared extinct by 1986. The cheat minnow (''Pararhinichthys bowersi''), a natural hybrid of the longnose dace (''R. cataractae'') and the river chub (''Nocomis micropogon''), was formerly placed in this genus, but is now considered by some authorities to be valid under '' Pararhinichthys'', although this is regarded as a synonyms of ''Rhinichthys'' by ''Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes''. The riffle daces are a basal lineage in an insufficiently resolved clade of American Leuciscidae. Such a group had been proposed on anatomical e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinichthys Atratulus
''Rhinichthys'', known as the riffle daces, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. The type species is '' Rhinichthys atratulus'', the blacknose dace. ''Rhinichthys'' species range throughout North America. One of species in this genus, the loach minnow, is considered Vulnerable. It also includes the extinct Las Vegas dace, which was only first described in 1984 and had been declared extinct by 1986. The cheat minnow (''Pararhinichthys bowersi''), a natural hybrid of the longnose dace (''R. cataractae'') and the river chub (''Nocomis micropogon''), was formerly placed in this genus, but is now considered by some authorities to be valid under '' Pararhinichthys'', although this is regarded as a synonyms of ''Rhinichthys'' by ''Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes''. The riffle daces are a basal lineage in an insufficiently resolved clade of American Leuciscidae. Such a group had been proposed on anatomical ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Las Vegas Dace
The Las Vegas dace (''Rhinichthys deaconi'') was a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. It was found only in the Las Vegas Valley in the United States. It was declared extinct in 1986 by the International Union for Conservation of Nature The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the stat .... Sources Rhinichthys Extinct animals of the United States Cyprinid fish of North America Fish described in 1984 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Leuciscinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pararhinichthys
The cheat minnow is a hybrid demersal, freshwater fish endemic to the United States, most commonly found in the Ohio River The Ohio River () is a river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing in a southwesterly direction from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to its river mouth, mouth on the Mississippi Riv ... basin. Originally considered the only species in the genus ''Pararhinichthys'' as ''Pararhinichthys bowersi'', more recent studies suggest that it is an F1 hybrid of '' Rhinichthys cataractae'' and '' Nocomis micropogon''. It is no longer recognized as a distinct taxon by '' Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes''. References Pogonichthyinae Fish of North America Fish of the United States {{Leuciscinae-stub Fish hybrids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheat Minnow
The cheat minnow is a hybrid demersal, freshwater fish endemic to the United States, most commonly found in the Ohio River basin. Originally considered the only species in the genus ''Pararhinichthys'' as ''Pararhinichthys bowersi'', more recent studies suggest that it is an F1 hybrid of '' Rhinichthys cataractae'' and '' Nocomis micropogon''. It is no longer recognized as a distinct taxon by ''Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Catalog of Fishes is a comprehensive on-line database and reference work on the scientific names of fish species and genera. It is global in its scope and is hosted by the California Academy of Sciences. It has been compiled and is continuously up ...''. References Pogonichthyinae Fish of North America Fish of the United States {{Leuciscinae-stub Fish hybrids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loach Minnow
The loach minnow (''Tiaroga cobitis'') is a species of freshwater Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish belonging to the Family (biology), family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. It is the only species in the monospecific genus ''Tiaroga''. It occurs in streams and small rivers throughout the Gila River and San Pedro River (Arizona), San Pedro River systems in Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora; it is now considered extinct in Mexico. Description Loach minnow has an elongated, compressed body with its size rarely exceeding in length.Minckley, W.L. 1973. Fishes of Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. pp. 133–135. This species have an olivaceous body, highly blotched with darker pigment. They have dirty-white spots before and behind base of dorsal fin, and on lower and upper sides base of caudal. Breeding males have vivid red-orange markings on bases of fins, body, and lower head. Breeding females become yellow on their fin and lower body. The loach minnow has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leuciscidae
Leuciscidae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, formerly classified as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the OW clade are found in Eurasia, aside from the golden shiner (''Notemigonus crysoleucas''), which is found in eastern North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri .... According to ancestral area reconstruction, the subfamily Leuciscinae is thought to have originated in Europe before becoming widely distributed in parts of Europe, Asia and North America. Evidence for the dispersal of this subfamily can be marked by biogeographical scenarios/observations, geomorphological changes, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulnerable Species
A vulnerable species is a species which has been Conservation status, categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being threatened species, threatened with extinction unless the circumstances that are threatened species, threatening its survival and reproduction improve. Vulnerability is mainly caused by habitat loss or destruction of the species' home. Vulnerable habitat or species are monitored and can become increasingly threatened. Some species listed as "vulnerable" may be common in captivity (animal), captivity, an example being the military macaw. In 2012 there were 5,196 animals and 6,789 plants classified as vulnerable, compared with 2,815 and 3,222, respectively, in 1998. Practices such as cryoconservation of animal genetic resources have been enforced in efforts to conserve vulnerable breeds of livestock specifically. Criteria The International Union for Conservation of Nature uses several criteria to enter species in this category. A taxon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNA Sequence
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases within the nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. This succession is denoted by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of the nucleotides. By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5' end to the 3' end. For DNA, with its double helix, there are two possible directions for the notated sequence; of these two, the sense strand is used. Because nucleic acids are normally linear (unbranched) polymers, specifying the sequence is equivalent to defining the covalent structure of the entire molecule. For this reason, the nucleic acid sequence is also termed the primary structure. The sequence represents genetic information. Biological deoxyribonucleic acid represents the information which directs the functions of an organism. Nucleic acids also have a secondary structure and tertiary structure. Primary structure is sometimes mistakenly referred to as "prim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12S RRNA
Mitochondrially encoded 12S ribosomal RNA (often abbreviated as 12S or 12S rRNA) is the SSU rRNA of the mitochondrial ribosome. In humans, 12S is encoded by the ''MT-RNR1'' gene and is 959 nucleotides long. MT-RNR1 is one of the 37 genes contained in animal mitochondria genomes. Their 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA and 13 mRNA genes are very useful in phylogenetic studies, in particular the 12S and 16S rRNAs. The 12S rRNA is the mitochondrial homologue of the prokaryotic 16S and eukaryotic nuclear 18S ribosomal RNAs. Mutations in the MT-RNR1 gene may be associated with hearing loss. The rRNA gene also encodes a peptide MOTS-c, also known as Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c or Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c. Structure The ''MT-RNR1'' gene is located on the p arm of the mitochondrial DNA at position 12 and it spans 953 base pairs. Function The ''MT-RNR1'' gene encodes for an rRNA responsible for regulating insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis. The p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MtDNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus, and, in plants and algae, the DNA also is found in plastids, such as chloroplasts. Mitochondrial DNA is responsible for coding of 13 essential subunits of the complex oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system which has a role in cellular energy conversion. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. This sequencing revealed that human mtDNA has 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. As in other vertebrates, the human mitochondrial genetic code differs slightly from nuclear DNA. Since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It also permits tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatomical
Anatomy () is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine, and is often studied alongside physiology. Anatomy is a complex and dynamic field that is constantly evolving as discoveries are made. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach to taxonomy adopted by most biological fields. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or Extant taxon, extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed ''monophyletic'' (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming Taxon, taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not Monophyly, monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms that the molecul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
