Leuciscidae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, formerly classified as a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

of the Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the OW clade are found in

Eurasia Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...

, aside from the golden shiner (''Notemigonus crysoleucas''), which is found in eastern

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

. According to ancestral area reconstruction, the subfamily Leuciscinae is thought to have originated in Europe before becoming widely distributed in parts of Europe, Asia and North America. Evidence for the dispersal of this subfamily can be marked by biogeographical scenarios/observations, geomorphological changes, phylogenetic relationships as well as evidence for vicariance events taking place through time. Through analyses and evidence of divergence time, it was observed that the two monophyletic groups, the phoxinins and the leuciscins, had shared a common ancestor dating to approximately 70.7 million years ago, representing their lengthy evolutionary history. The 5th edition of the '' Fishes of the World'' classifies the Leuciscinae as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae but more recent classifications have resolved this taxon as a family, the Leuciscidae.

Genera

'' Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes'' recognises the family Leuciscidae, and divides it into subfamilies that correspond to the clades previously identified when it was treated as a subfamily of Cyprinidae. The following fossil genera are known: * †'' Idadon'' Smith, 1975 (fossil, late Neogene of western United States; potential affinities to Laviniinae or Pogonichthyinae) * †'' Mystocheilus'' Van Tassel & Smith, 2019 (fossil, early Pliocene of Oregon, USA; potential affinities to Laviniinae or Pogonichthyinae) * †'' Tianshanicus'' Su, 2011 (fossil, Lutetian; Leuciscinae ''sensu lato'') The recent genera are classified as follows: * Pogonichthyinae Girard, 1858 ** '' Agosia'' Girard, 1856 (Longfin dace) ** '' Alburnops'' Girard, 1856 ** '' Algansea'' Girard, 1856 (Mexican chubs) ** '' Aztecula'' D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1898 (Aztec chub) ** '' Campostoma'' Agassiz, 1855 (Stonerollers) ** '' Clinostomus'' Girard, 1856 (Redside daces) ** '' Coccotis'' D. S. Jordan, 1882 ** '' Codoma'' Girard, 1856 (Ornate shiner) ** '' Cyprinella'' Girard, 1856 (Satinfin shiners) ** '' Dionda'' Girard, 1856 (Desert minnows) ** '' Ericymba'' Cope, 1865 (Longjaw minnows) ** '' Erimonax'' D. S. Jordan, 1924 (Spotfin chub) ** '' Erimystax'' D. S. Jordan, 1882 (Slender chubs) ** '' Exoglossum'' Rafinesque, 1818 (Cutlips minnows) ** '' Graodus'' Günther, 1868 ** '' Hudsonius'' Girard, 1856 ** '' Hybognathus'' Agassiz, 1855 (silvery minnows) ** '' Hybopsis'' Agassiz, 1854 (Bigeye chubs) ** '' Hydrophlox'' D. S. Jordan, 1878 ** '' Iotichthys'' D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896 (least chub) ** '' Luxilus'' Rafinesque, 1820 (highscale shiners) ** '' Macrhybopsis'' Cockerell & Allison 1909 (blacktail chubs) ** '' Miniellus'' D. S. Jordan, 1882 ** '' Mylocheilus'' Agassiz, 1855 (Peamouths) ** '' Nocomis'' Girard 1856 (hornyhead chubs) ** '' Notropis'' Rafinesque, 1818 (eastern shiners) ** '' Oregonichthys'' Hubbs, 1929 (Oregon chubs) ** '' Paranotropis'' Fowler, 1904 ** '' Pararhinichthys'' Goldsborough & Clark, 1908 ** '' Phenacobius'' Cope, 1867 (Suckermouth minnows) ** '' Pimephales'' Rafinesque, 1820 (Bluntnose minnows) ** '' Platygobio'' gill, 1863 (Flathead chub) ** '' Pogonichthys'' Girard, 1854 (Splittails) ** '' Pteronotropis'' Fowler, 1935 (Flagfin shiners) ** '' Rhinichthys'' Agassiz, 1849 (riffle daces, loach minnows) ** '' Richardsonius'' Girard, 1856 (redside shiners) ** '' Stypodon'' Garman, 1881 (Stumptooth minnow) ** '' Tampichthys'' Schönhuth, Doadrio, Dominguez-Dominguez, Hillis & Mayden, 2008 ** '' Tiaroga'' Girard, 1856 (Loach minnow) ** '' Yuriria'' D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896 * Phoxininae Bleeker, 1863 ** '' Phoxinus'' Rafinesque, 1820 (Eurasian minnows and daces) * Leuciscinae Bonaparte, 1835 ** '' Abramis'' Cuvier, 1816 (Common bream) ** '' Acanthobrama'' Heckel 1843 (Bleaks) ** '' Achondrostoma'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007 ** '' Alburnoides'' Jeitteles, 1861 (Riffle minnows) ** '' Alburnus'' Rafinesque, 1820 (Bleaks) ** '' Anaecypris'' Collares-Pereira, 1983 (Spanish minnowcarp) ** '' Aspiolucius'' Berg, 1907 (pike-asp) ** '' Ballerus'' Heckel, 1843 (breams) ** '' Blicca'' Heckel, 1843 (Silver bream) ** '' Capoetobrama'' Berg, 1916 (Sharpray) ** '' Chondrostoma'' Agassiz, 1832 (Typical nases) ** '' Delminichthys'' Freyhof, Lieckfeldt, Bogutskaya, Pitra & Ludwig, 2006 ** '' Egirdira'' Freyhof, 2022 ** '' Iberochondrostoma'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007 ** '' Ladigesocypris'' M. S. Karaman 1972 ** '' Leucalburnus'' Berg, 1916 ** '' Leucaspius'' Heckel & Kner, 1857 (Moderlieschen) ** '' Leuciscus'' Cuvier, 1816 (Eurasian dace) ** '' Leucos'' Heckel, 1843 ** '' Mirogrex'' Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas, 1973 ** '' Notemigonus'' Rafinesque, 1819 (Golden shiner) ** '' Pachychilon'' Steindachner, 1882 ** '' Parachondrostoma'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007 ** '' Pelasgus'' Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007 ** '' Pelecus'' Agassiz, 1835 (Sabre carp) ** '' Petroleuciscus'' Bogutskaya, 2002 (Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces) ** '' Phoxinellus'' Heckel, 1843 ** '' Protochondrostoma'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007 ** '' Pseudochondrostoma'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007 ** '' Pseudophoxinus'' Bleeker, 1860 ** '' Rutilus'' Rafinesque, 1820 (Katum, pearlfish and roach) ** '' Sarmarutilus'' Bianco & Ketmaier, 2014 (South European roach) ** '' Scardinius'' Bonaparte, 1837 (Rudd) ** '' Squalius'' Bonaparte, 1837 (European chubs) ** '' Telestes'' Bonaparte, 1840 ** '' Tropidophoxinellus'' Stephanidis, 1974 ** '' Turcichondrostoma'' Turan, Küçük, Güçlü & Aksu 2021 ** '' Vimba'' Fitzinger, 1873 * Plagopterinae Cope, 1874 ** '' Couesius'' Jordan, 1878 (lake chub) ** '' Hemitremia'' Cope 1870 (flame chub) ** '' Lepidomeda'' Cope, 1874 (spinedaces) ** '' Margariscus'' Cockerell, 1909 (pearl daces) ** '' Meda'' Girard, 1856 (pikedace) ** '' Plagopterus'' Cope, 1874 (woundfin) ** '' Semotilus'' Rafinesque, 1820 (creek chubs) * Laviniinae Bleeker, 186 ** '' Chrosomus'' Rafinesque, 1820 (redbelly daces) ** '' Eremichthys'' Hubbs & R. R. Miller, 1948 (desert dace) **'' Evarra'' Woolman, 1894 (Mexican daces) ** '' Gila'' Baird & Girard, 1853 (western chubs) ** '' Hesperoleucus'' Snyder, 1913 (California roach) ** '' Lavinia'' Girard, 1854 (Hitch) ** '' Mylopharodon'' Ayres, 1855 (hardheads) ** '' Orthodon'' Girard, 1856 (Sacramento blackfish) ** '' Ptychocheilus'' Agassiz, 1855 (pikeminnows) ** '' Relictus'' Hubbs & R. R. Miller, 1972 (relict dace) ** '' Siphateles'' Cope, 1883 * Pseudaspininae Bogutskaya, 1990 ** '' Oreoleuciscus'' Warpachowski, 1889 (osmans) ** '' Pseudaspius'' Dybowski, 1869 (redfin) ** '' Rhynchocypris'' Günther, 1889

Notes

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q48694 Fish subfamilies Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte