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Quranism
Quranism () is an Islamic schools and branches, Islamic movement that holds the belief that the Quran is the only valid source of religious belief, guidance, and law in Islam. Quranists believe that the Quran is clear, complete, and that it can be fully understood without recourse to the hadith and sunnah. Therefore, they use the Quran itself to interpret the Quran, an exegetical principle known as . In matters of faith, jurisprudence, and legislation, Quranists differ from Sunni Islam, Sunnis, who consider the hadith, , , opinions attributed to the , and Islam's legislative authority in matters of law and creed in addition to the Quran. Hadith-espousing sects of Islam differ with one another over which hadith they view as reliable, but their hadith collections are mostly overlapping. In contrast, Quranists do not advance another corpus of assertedly authoritative hadith; rather, they Criticism of hadith, criticize hadith altogether and do not recognize any as authoritative. Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Schools And Branches
Islamic schools and branches have different understandings of Islam. There are many different sects or denominations, Madhhab, schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and schools of Islamic theology, or ''Aqidah, ʿaqīdah'' (creed). Within Sunni Islam, Sunnī Islam, there may be differences, such as different orders (''tariqa'') within Sufism, different schools of theology (Traditionalist theology (Islam), Atharī, Ash'ari, Ashʿarī, Maturidi, Māturīdī) and jurisprudence (Hanafi, Ḥanafī, Maliki, Mālikī, Shafiʽi school, Shāfiʿī, Hanbali, Ḥanbalī). Groups in Islam may be numerous (Sunni Islam, Sunnīs make up 87-90% of all Muslims), or relatively small in size (Ibadi Islam, Ibadis, Isma'ilism, Ismāʿīlīs, Zaydism, Zaydīs). Differences between the groups may not be well known to Muslims outside of scholarly circles, or may have induced enough passion to have resulted in Political violence, political and religious violence (Barelvism, Deobandism, Salafism, Wahhabism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Criticism Of Hadith
Criticism of ''ḥadīth'' or hadith criticism is the critique of ''Hadith, ḥadīth''—the genre of Canonization of Islamic scripture#Hadith, canonized Islamic literature made up of attributed reports of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Mainstream Islam holds that the ''Sunnah''—teachings and doings of Muhammad—are like the Quran, divine revelation to be obeyed, but the "great bulk" of the rules of ''Sharia'' (Islamic law) are derived from ''ḥadīth'' rather than the Quran. However, Quranists reject the authority of the hadiths, viewing them as un-Quranic; they believe that obedience to Muhammad means obedience to the Quran; some further claim that most hadiths are fabrications (pseudepigrapha) created in the 8th and 9th century AD, and which are falsely attributed to Muhammad.Aisha Y. Musa, The Qur’anists, Florida International University, accessed May 22, 2013.Neal Robinson (2013), Islam: A Concise Introduction, Routledge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadith
Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ( companions in Sunni Islam, Ahl al-Bayt in Shiite Islam). Each hadith is associated with a chain of narrators ()—a lineage of people who reportedly heard and repeated the hadith from which the source of the hadith can be traced. The authentication of hadith became a significant discipline, focusing on the ''isnad'' (chain of narrators) and '' matn'' (main text of the report). This process aimed to address contradictions and questionable statements within certain narrations. Beginning one or two centuries after Muhammad's death, Islamic scholars, known as muhaddiths, compiled hadith into distinct collections that survive in the historical works of writers from the second and third centuries of the Muslim era ( 700−1000 CE). For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naskh (tafsir)
''Naskh'' ( نسخ) is an Arabic word usually translated as " abrogation". In tafsir, or Islamic legal exegesis, ''naskh'' recognizes that one rule might not always be suitable for every situation. In the widely recognized Burton, "Those Are the High-Flying Cranes", ''JSS'', 15, 1970, p. 250. and "classic" form of ''naskh'',Hazimi, Abu Bakr. Al-I'tbar, 5-6. Burton, ''Islamic Theories of Abrogation'', 1990, p. 56. one '' ḥukm'' "ruling" is abrogated to introduce an exception to the general rule, but the text the ''ḥukm'' is based on is not repealed. Burton, "The Exegesis of Q.2:106", ''BSOAS'', 48, 1985, p. 456. Some examples of Islamic rulings based on ''naskh'' include a gradual ban on consumption of alcohol (originally alcohol was not banned, but Muslims were told that the bad outweighed the good in drinking) and a change in the direction of the qibla, the direction that should be faced when praying salat (originally Muslims faced Jerusalem, but this was changed to face the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharia
Sharia, Sharī'ah, Shari'a, or Shariah () is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on Islamic holy books, scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran, Qur'an and hadith. In Islamic terminology ''sharīʿah'' refers to immutable, intangible divine law; contrary to ''fiqh'', which refers to its interpretations by Ulama, Islamic scholars. Sharia, or fiqh as traditionally known, has always been used alongside urf, customary law from the very beginning in Islamic history; has been elaborated and developed over the centuries by fatwa, legal opinions issued by mufti, qualified jurists – reflecting the tendencies of Schools of Fiqh, different schools – and integrated and with various economic, penal and administrative laws issued by Muslims, Muslim rulers; and implemented for centuries by Qadi, judges in the courts until recent times, when secularism was widely adopted in Islamic societies. Traditional Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, theory o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Abu Zaid Al-Damanhury
Mohammed Abu Zaid Al Damanhury was a 20th century Quranist scholar and Al-Azhar University graduate from Damanhur, Egypt who wrote a controversial commentary on the Quran. In 1930, al-Damanhury published a rationalist commentary of the Quran titled ''Guidance and Wisdom from Interpretation of the Quran using the Quran (Al-hidaya wal-‘irfan fi tafsir al-Qur’an bil-Qur’an)'' In it, al-Damanhury used the Quran to interpret the Quran instead of using hadith-based commentaries. According to Ali Gomaa, he differed in opinion from traditional Sunni beliefs regarding the miracles of the prophets, inheritance in islam, the banning of alcohol, and the hijab. The publication of his commentary caused a major controversy with traditionalist Al-Azhar scholars, and led to its confiscation by the police. Shaykh al-Azhar, Muhammad al-Ahmadi al-Zawahiri, noticed that other Azhari shaykhs were distributing al-Damahury's commentary among their students. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ijma
Ijma (, ) is an Arabic term referring to the consensus or agreement of the Islamic community on a point of Islamic law. Sunni Muslims regard it as one of the secondary sources of Sharia law, after the Qur'an, and the Sunnah. Exactly what group should represent the Muslim community in reaching the consensus is not agreed on by the various schools of Islamic jurisprudence. Some believe it should be the Sahaba (the first generation of Muslims) only; others the consensus of the Salaf (the first three generations of Muslims); or the consensus of Islamic lawyers, the jurists and scholars of the Muslim world, i.e. scholarly consensus; or the consensus of all the Muslim world, both scholars and lay people. The opposite of Ijma (i.e., lack of consensus on a point of Islamic law) is called '' ikhtilaf''. Proof of the validity of Ijma In the Quran Imam Al-Shafi'i was once approached by an old man who asked for proof of Ijma from the Quran. Imam Al-Shafi'i went home and recited the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Modernism
Islamic modernism is a movement that has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response to the Western cultural challenge", attempting to reconcile the Islamic faith with values perceived as modern such as democracy, civil rights, rationality, equality, and progress.''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World'', Thomson Gale (2004) It featured a "critical reexamination of the classical conceptions and methods of jurisprudence", and a new approach to Islamic theology and Quranic exegesis ('' Tafsir''). A contemporary definition describes it as an "effort to re-read Islam's fundamental sources—the Qur'an and the Sunna, (the practice of the Prophet)—by placing them in their historical context, and then reinterpreting them, non-literally, in the light of the modern context." It was one of several Islamic movements—including Islamic secularism, Islamism, and Salafism—that emerged in the middle of the 19th century in reaction to the rapid changes of the time, esp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shafa'a
''Shafa'a(h)'' (, "intercession") in Islam is the act of pleading to God in Islam, God by an Wali, intimate friend of God (a Muslim Wali, saint) for forgiveness of a believing sinner. The word ''Shafa'ah'' is taken from ''shaf '' () which means ''even'' as opposed to ''odd''. The interceder, therefore, adds his own recommendation to that of petitioner so that there are two individuals—an even number—pleading for forgiveness. The prestige of the intercessor strengthens the otherwise weak plea of the sinner. Accordingly, ''Shafa'ah'' is a form of prayer to God by one who is near to Him on behalf of a member of the believing community seeking deliverance from eternal damnation (though not necessarily from temporary punishment). Controversies concerning ''Shafa'at'' have arisen over who may intercede with God. Some maintain that supporters of Wahhabism deny the Shafa’ah of Muhammad, while at least some supporters insist they only oppose the seeking of Shafa’ah from "the dead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punishment Of The Grave
Punishment of the Grave (, also translated Torment of the Grave) is a Islamic–Jewish relations, Judeo-Islamic concept about the time between Islamic view of death, death and resurrection on the Day of Judgement. According to some hadiths, the souls of the unrighteous are punished by Munkar and Nakir, two angels in the grave, while the righteous find the grave "peaceful and blessed".#JACBMM2014, J. A. C. Brown, ''Misquoting Muhammad'', 2014: p. 46 The punishment of the grave is not mentioned in the Quran, although it is mentioned in the hadiths such as those compiled by Ibn Hanbal and appears as early as the 9th century, still present among the majority of Sunnism, Sunnis and Shias. A similar concept can be found in the Jewish narrative in which the wicked are punished by Destroying angel (Bible), angels of destruction in an intermediary state between the resurrection of the dead and the individual death. Religions Islam The Quran itself gives very brief references about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dajjal
Al-Masih ad-Dajjal (), otherwise referred to simply as the Dajjal, is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology who will pretend to be the promised Messiah and later claim to be God, appearing before the Day of Judgment according to the Islamic eschatological narrative. The Dajjal is not mentioned in the Quran, but he is mentioned and described in the Hadith. Corresponding to the Antichrist in Christianity, the Dajjal is said to emerge out in the East, although the specific location varies among the various sources. The Dajjal will imitate the miracles performed by Jesus, such as healing the sick and raising the dead, the latter done with the aid of demons. He will deceive many people such as weavers, magicians and children of fornication. Etymology ' () is the superlative form of the root word ' meaning "lie" or "deception". It means "deceiver" and also appears in Syriac ( , "false, deceitful; spurious"). The compound ', with the definite article '' al-'' ("the"), refers to " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
