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Ptychalaea Dedecora
''Ptychalaea'' is a fossil genus of very small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Gastrocoptidae.Harzhauser M., Neubauer T.A., Georgopoulou E., Harl J. 2014The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollusc fauna of the North Bohemian Lake (Most Basin)// Bulletin of Geosciences. Vol.89. No.4. P.819–908.Balashov I.A. & Perkovsky E.E. 2020An Eocene land snail ''Balticopta gusakovi'' gen.n., sp.n. (Stylommatophora: Gastrocoptidae) from Baltic amber// Invertebrate Zoology. Vol.17. No.1: 18–24. Taxonomy The type species of the genus is fossil '' Ptychalaea flexidens'' (Reuss, 1861) from Miocene of Europe. In 1920 the extant snails from Japan were placed into ''Ptychalaea'' - ''Nesopupa dedecora'' Pilsbry, 1902 and its form ''Nesopupa tamagonari'' Pilsbry, Hirase, 1904. Japanese species was established under the name '' Ptychalaea dedecora'' (Pilsbry, 1902). Although in 2018 it was shown that ''Nesopupa dedecora'' and its form ''Nesopupa tamagon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Boettger
Oskar Boettger (; 31 March 1844 – 25 September 1910) was a German zoologist who was a native of Frankfurt am Main. He was an uncle of the noted malacologist Caesar Rudolf Boettger (1888–1976). From 1863 to 1866 he studied at the Bergakademie Freiberg, then worked for a year in a chemical factory in Frankfurt am Main."Boettger, Oskar" p. 410. In: (1955). ''Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 2''. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. . (in German). In 1869 he received his doctorate from the University of Würzburg. The following year (1870), he became a paleontologist at the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt, where in 1875 he became the curator of the museum's department of herpetology. He is credited for making Senckenberg's herpetological collection among the best in Europe. Boettger had agoraphobia and rarely left home, never setting fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the Drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus, Bosporus Strait. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Europe covers approx. , or 2% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface (6.8% of Earth's land area), making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic Amber
Baltic amber or succinite is amber from the Baltic region, home of its largest known deposits. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that this forested region provided the resin for more than 100,000 tons of amber. Today, more than 90% of the world's amber comes from Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is a major source of income for the region; the local Kaliningrad Amber Combine extracted 250 tonnes of it in 2014 and 400 tonnes in 2015. Baltic amber is also found in Poland, as well as the Baltic states. Bitterfeld amber from the brown coal mines near Bitterfeld in Germany was previously thought to be redeposited Baltic amber, but is now known to be chemically distinct, though like with Ukrainian Rovno amber, it is thought to have been deposited around the same time as Baltic amber. Because Baltic amber contains from 3 to 8% succinic acid, it is also termed succinite. Geologic context ''In situ'' Balt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''Ēṓs'', 'Eos, Dawn') and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch.See: *Letter from William Whewell to Charles Lyell dated 31 January 1831 in: * From p. 55: "The period next antecedent we shall call Eocene, from ήως, aurora, and χαινος, recens, because the extremely small proportion of living species contained in these strata, indicates what may be considered the first commencement, or ''dawn'', of the existing state of the animate creation." The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isoto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptychalaea Mystica
''Ptychalaea'' is a fossil genus of very small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Gastrocoptidae.Harzhauser M., Neubauer T.A., Georgopoulou E., Harl J. 2014The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollusc fauna of the North Bohemian Lake (Most Basin)// Bulletin of Geosciences. Vol.89. No.4. P.819–908.Balashov I.A. & Perkovsky E.E. 2020An Eocene land snail ''Balticopta gusakovi'' gen.n., sp.n. (Stylommatophora: Gastrocoptidae) from Baltic amber// Invertebrate Zoology. Vol.17. No.1: 18–24. Taxonomy The type species of the genus is fossil '' Ptychalaea flexidens'' (Reuss, 1861) from Miocene of Europe. In 1920 the extant snails from Japan were placed into ''Ptychalaea'' - ''Nesopupa dedecora'' Pilsbry, 1902 and its form ''Nesopupa tamagonari'' Pilsbry, Hirase, 1904. Japanese species was established under the name '' Ptychalaea dedecora'' (Pilsbry, 1902). Although in 2018 it was shown that ''Nesopupa dedecora'' and its form ''Nesopupa tamagon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertiginidae
Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. Distribution The distribution of the Vertiginidae is in the Northern Hemisphere: North America (60 species), Eurasia (30 species), North and central Africa (3-5 species). That gives a total of approximately 93-95 species. Ecology Snails in this family inhabit habitats ranging from forests to semi-open and open habitats with various different kinds of substrate cover, vegetation and humidity. They feed on microflora - bacteria and fungi - growing on dead and living plants. Taxonomy The following three subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005): * Subfamily Vertigininae Fitzinger, 1833 ** Tribe Vertiginini Fitzinger, 1833 ** Tribe Truncatellinini Steenberg, 1925 - synonyms: Truncatellininae; Columellinae Schileyko, 1998 - raised in 2016 to family level Truncatel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertigo (gastropod)
''Vertigo'' is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Vertigo O. F. Müller, 1773. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426423 on 2023-02-07 Description Snails in the genus ''Vertigo'' have no oral tentacles, thus they have only one pair of tentacles. The jaw is arched; the ends squarely truncated; the anterior surface striate; the cutting edge with a median projection. The radula has a central tooth that is almost square, tricuspid, as large as or larger than the lateral teeth, which are similar, narrower, and bi- or tricuspid. The marginal teeth are low, wide and serrated. Shell The gastropod shell, shell is deeply rimate and ovate. The apex (mollusc), apex is acuminate and obtuse. The shell has 5–6 whorl (mollusc), whorls. The body ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptychalaea Dedecora
''Ptychalaea'' is a fossil genus of very small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Gastrocoptidae.Harzhauser M., Neubauer T.A., Georgopoulou E., Harl J. 2014The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollusc fauna of the North Bohemian Lake (Most Basin)// Bulletin of Geosciences. Vol.89. No.4. P.819–908.Balashov I.A. & Perkovsky E.E. 2020An Eocene land snail ''Balticopta gusakovi'' gen.n., sp.n. (Stylommatophora: Gastrocoptidae) from Baltic amber// Invertebrate Zoology. Vol.17. No.1: 18–24. Taxonomy The type species of the genus is fossil '' Ptychalaea flexidens'' (Reuss, 1861) from Miocene of Europe. In 1920 the extant snails from Japan were placed into ''Ptychalaea'' - ''Nesopupa dedecora'' Pilsbry, 1902 and its form ''Nesopupa tamagonari'' Pilsbry, Hirase, 1904. Japanese species was established under the name '' Ptychalaea dedecora'' (Pilsbry, 1902). Although in 2018 it was shown that ''Nesopupa dedecora'' and its form ''Nesopupa tamagon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. The Japanese archipelago consists of four major islands—Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu—and List of islands of Japan, thousands of smaller islands, covering . Japan has a population of over 123 million as of 2025, making it the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh-most populous country. The capital of Japan and List of cities in Japan, its largest city is Tokyo; the Greater Tokyo Area is the List of largest cities, largest metropolitan area in the world, with more than 37 million inhabitants as of 2024. Japan is divided into 47 Prefectures of Japan, administrative prefectures and List of regions of Japan, eight traditional regions. About three-quarters of Geography of Japan, the countr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene followed the Oligocene and preceded the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by distinct global events but by regionally defined transitions from the warmer Oligocene to the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, Afro-Arabia collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans, and allowing the interchange of fauna between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans and Ape, hominoids into Eurasia. During the late Miocene, the conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptychalaea Flexidens
''Ptychalaea'' is a fossil genus of very small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Gastrocoptidae.Harzhauser M., Neubauer T.A., Georgopoulou E., Harl J. 2014The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollusc fauna of the North Bohemian Lake (Most Basin)// Bulletin of Geosciences. Vol.89. No.4. P.819–908.Balashov I.A. & Perkovsky E.E. 2020An Eocene land snail ''Balticopta gusakovi'' gen.n., sp.n. (Stylommatophora: Gastrocoptidae) from Baltic amber// Invertebrate Zoology. Vol.17. No.1: 18–24. Taxonomy The type species of the genus is fossil '' Ptychalaea flexidens'' (Reuss, 1861) from Miocene of Europe. In 1920 the extant snails from Japan were placed into ''Ptychalaea'' - ''Nesopupa dedecora'' Pilsbry, 1902 and its form ''Nesopupa tamagonari'' Pilsbry, Hirase, 1904. Japanese species was established under the name ''Ptychalaea dedecora'' (Pilsbry, 1902). Although in 2018 it was shown that ''Nesopupa dedecora'' and its form ''Nesopupa tamagona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
