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OZET
OZET ( romanised: Obshchestvo zemleustroystva yevreyskikh trudyashchikhsya, Yiddish: געזעלשאפט פאר איינארדענען ארבעטנדיקע יידן אויף ערד אין פ.ס.ס.ר romanised: ''Gezelshaft far aynordnen oyf Erd arbetnidke Yidin in F.S.S.R'') was the public Society for Settling Toiling Jews on the Land in the Soviet Union in the period from 1925 to 1938. Some English sources use the word "Working" instead of "Toiling". Background The principal sources of livelihood of the Jews in the Russian Empire were trade and small crafts. After the October Revolution, the Russian Civil War and instability and devastation that followed, these traditional occupations withered. Dictatorship of proletariat, War Communism and command economy were accompanied by persecution of those deemed class enemies or exploiters. As a result, in the early 1920s more than a third of the Jewish population of the USSR were officially counted as '' lishenets'', disenfranchi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OZET Poster
OZET ( Romanization of Russian, romanised: Obshchestvo zemleustroystva yevreyskikh trudyashchikhsya, Yiddish: געזעלשאפט פאר איינארדענען ארבעטנדיקע יידן אויף ערד אין פ.ס.ס.ר Romanization of Yiddish, romanised: ''Gezelshaft far aynordnen oyf Erd arbetnidke Yidin in F.S.S.R'') was the public Society for Settling Toiling Jews on the Land in the Soviet Union in the period from 1925 to 1938. Some English sources use the word "Working" instead of "Toiling". Background The principal sources of livelihood of the Jews in the Russian Empire were trade and small crafts. After the October Revolution, the Russian Civil War and instability and devastation that followed, these traditional occupations withered. Dictatorship of proletariat, War Communism and command economy were accompanied by persecution of those deemed class enemy, class enemies or exploiters. As a result, in the early 1920s more than a third of the Jewish population of the US ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Komzet
Komzet (, ) was the ''Committee for the Settlement of Toiling Jews on the Land'' (some English sources use the word "working" instead of "toiling") in the Soviet Union. The primary goal of the Komzet was to provide work for the unemployed agricultural Jewish population of the country. Function The Komzet was a government committee whose function was to contribute and distribute the land for new kolkhozes. A complementary public society, the OZET was established in order to assist in moving settlers to a new location, housebuilding, irrigation, training, providing them with cattle and agricultural tools, education, medical and cultural services. The funds were to be provided by private donations, charities and lotteries. History In 1924–1926, the Komzet helped to create several Jewish kolkhozes in various regions, most notably in Crimea, Ukraine and Stavropol region. In 1927, following a failed attempt to establish Jewish autonomy in Crimea, the Birsko-Bidzhansky regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semyon Dimanstein
Semyon (Shimen) Markovich Dimanshtein () (21 March 1886 – 25 August 1938) was a Soviet Union, Soviet state official, publisher, and leading theorist of national issues in the USSR, and one of the founders of the Soviet Oriental studies. He was considered by the Soviet government to be a representative of Soviet Jews. Early years Dimanstein was born in Sebezh, Vitebsk Governorate (today Pskov Oblast) in a poor Lithuanian Jews, Litvak family. His father, Mordechai, was a tinsmith. From age 12, he studied at the yeshivas of Telshe Yeshiva, Telz, Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka), Slobodka, and Lubavitch. He moved to Vilna in 1903, and was ordained there as a rabbi, receiving smicha from Rabbi of Lodz, Rabbi Shlomo HaKohen (Vilna), Shlomo HaKohen, and Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski of Vilna. He suffered from poverty and homelessness, and soon abandoned his religious upbringing in favor of revolutionary activities. Pre-Revolution Socialist activities In 1904 Dimanstein became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuri Larin
Yuri Mikhailovich Larin (, pseudonym of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Larin (), born ''Lurye'' (); 17 June 1882 – 14 January 1932) was a Soviet economist and politician. Early life Born in to a middle-class intellectual Jewish family, Larin was brought up in Crimea by his mother, Friderika Granat, sister of Ignaty Granat, one of the founders of the Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary, and other members of the Granat family. She had contracted scarlet fever while she was pregnant, which is the probable cause of the muscular dystrophy which Larin contracted at the age of nine, which left him partly crippled for life. His father, Shneur Zalman Lurie, was an engineer, Hebrew author and Zionist. He abandoned his wife while she was pregnant and ill, and later divorced her. Larin joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) in Simferopol in 1900. He moved to Odesa and organised a student Marxist group, but was arrested and sent back to Crimea. There he resumed his revolutionary act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CPSU
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),. Abbreviated in Russian as КПСС, ''KPSS''. at some points known as the Russian Communist Party (RCP), All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist Party (SCP), was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU was the One-party state, sole governing party of the Soviet Union until 1990 when the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union, Congress of People's Deputies modified Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution, Article 6 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, which had previously granted the CPSU a monopoly over the political system. The party's main ideology was Marxism–Leninism. The party was outlawed under Russian President Boris Yeltsin's decree on 6 November 1991, citing the 1991 Soviet coup attempt as a reason. The party started in 1898 as part of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. In 1903, that party split into a Menshevik ("mino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was a socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR.The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimea
Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. The population is 2.4 million, and the largest city is Sevastopol. The region, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, has been under Russian occupation of Crimea, Russian occupation since 2014. Called the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period, Crimea has historically been at the boundary between the Classical antiquity, classical world and the Pontic–Caspian steppe, steppe. Greeks in pre-Rom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and List of cities in Ukraine, largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Odesa, and Dnipro. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. Humans have inhabited Ukraine since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, it was the site of early Slavs, early Slavic expansion and later became a key centre of East Slavs, East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful realm in Europe in the 10th and 11th centuries, but gradually disintegrated into rival regional powers before being d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selsoviet
A selsoviet (; , ; ) is the shortened name for Selsky soviet, i.e., rural council (; ; ). It has three closely related meanings: *The administration (''soviet (council), soviet'') of a certain rural area. *The territorial subdivision administered by such a council. *The building of the selsoviet administration. Selsoviets were the lowest level of administrative division in rural areas in the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, they were preserved as a third tier of administrative-territorial division throughout Ukraine, Belarus, and many of the federal subjects of Russia. A selsoviet is a rural administrative division of a raion (district) that includes one or several smaller rural localities and is in a subordination to its respective raion administration. The name refers to the local rural self-administration, the rural soviet (council), a part of the Soviet system of administration. The head of a selsoviet is called chairman, who had to be appointed by hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Shklovsky
Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky ( rus, Ви́ктор Бори́сович Шкло́вский, p=ˈʂklofskʲɪj; – 6 December 1984) was a Russian and Soviet literary theorist, critic, writer, and pamphleteer. He is one of the major figures associated with Russian formalism. Viktor Shklovsky's ''Theory of Prose'' was published in 1925. Shklovsky himself is still praised as "one of the most important literary and cultural theorists of the twentieth century" (Modern Language Association Prize Committee); "one of the most lively and irreverent minds of the last century" (David Bellos); "one of the most fascinating figures of Russian cultural life in the twentieth century" (Tzvetan Todorov) Life Shklovsky was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. His father was a Lithuanian Jews, Lithuanian Jewish mathematician (with ancestors from Shkloŭ, Shklov) who converted to Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Orthodoxy and his mother was of German-Russian origin. He attended St. Petersburg University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Mayakovsky
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky ( – 14 April 1930) was a Russian poet, playwright, artist, and actor. During his early, Russian Revolution, pre-Revolution period leading into 1917, Mayakovsky became renowned as a prominent figure of the Russian Futurist movement. He co-signed the Futurist manifesto, ''A Slap in the Face of Public Taste'' (1913), and wrote such poems as ''A Cloud in Trousers'' (1915) and ''Backbone Flute'' (1916). Mayakovsky produced a large and diverse body of work during the course of his career: he wrote poems, wrote and directed plays, appeared in films, edited the art journal LEF (journal), ''LEF'', and produced agitprop posters in support of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. Though Mayakovsky's work regularly demonstrated ideological and patriotic support for the ideology of the Bolsheviks and a strong admiration of Vladimir Lenin, his relationship with the Soviet state was always comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solomon Mikhoels
Solomon (Shloyme) Mikhoels ( lso spelled שלוימע מיכאעלס during the Soviet era , – 13 January 1948) was a Soviet actor and the artistic director of the Moscow State Jewish Theater. Mikhoels served as the chairman of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee during World War II. However, as Joseph Stalin pursued an increasingly anti-Jewish line after the War, Mikhoels's position as a leader of the Jewish community led to increasing persecution from the Soviet state. He was allegedly assassinated in Minsk in 1948 by order of Stalin or Lavrenti Beria. Early life Born Shloyme Vovsi to a family of Jewish heritage in Dvinsk, Russian Empire (now Daugavpils, Latvia), Mikhoels studied law in Saint Petersburg, but left school in 1918 to join Alexis Granowsky's Jewish Theater Workshop, which was attempting to create a national Jewish theater in Russia in Yiddish. The workshop moved to Moscow in 1920, where it established the Moscow State Jewish Theater. That was in keeping wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
