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Komzet (, ) was the ''Committee for the Settlement of Toiling Jews on the Land'' (some English sources use the word "working" instead of "toiling") in the
OZET lottery posters and tickets
featured in
Up From the "Ash Heap"? A Lost Chapter of Interwar Jewish History
by Jonathan Dekel-Chen (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) from Colombia Journal of Historiography {{authority control Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union Jewish Autonomous Oblast Soviet state institutions Jewish settlement schemes in the Soviet Union 1921 establishments in Russia 1938 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Komzet (, ) was the ''Committee for the Settlement of Toiling Jews on the Land'' (some English sources use the word "working" instead of "toiling") in the Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
. The primary goal of the Komzet was to provide work for the unemployed agricultural Jewish population of the country.
Function
The Komzet was a government committee whose function was to contribute and distribute the land for new kolkhozes. A complementary public society, the OZET was established in order to assist in moving settlers to a new location, housebuilding, irrigation, training, providing them with cattle and agricultural tools, education, medical and cultural services. The funds were to be provided by private donations, charities and lotteries.History
In 1924–1926, the Komzet helped to create several Jewishkolkhoz
A kolkhoz ( rus, колхо́з, a=ru-kolkhoz.ogg, p=kɐlˈxos) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union. Kolkhozes existed along with state farms or sovkhoz. These were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to eme ...
es in various regions, most notably in Crimea
Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukrain ...
, Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
and Stavropol region.
In 1927, following a failed attempt to establish Jewish autonomy in Crimea, the Birsko-Bidzhansky region in the Russian Far East
The Russian Far East ( rus, Дальний Восток России, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in North Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asia, Asian continent, and is coextensive with the Far Easte ...
was identified as a territory suitable for compact living of the Soviet Jews. The region was chosen for settlement due to tensions on the sparsely-populated China-Russia border. The region would become the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) is a federal subject of Russia in the far east of the country, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan.
...
. It did not attract the expected mass Jewish resettlement.
the first chairman of the Komzet was Pyotr Smidovich (1924–1935) who was succeeded by (1935–1938).
Komzet was abolished in 1938, after end of the Soviet policy of korenizatsiia
Korenizatsiia (, ; ) was an early policy of the Soviet Union for the integration of non-Russian nationalities into the governments of their specific republics of the Soviet Union, Soviet republics. In the 1920s, the policy promoted representativ ...
.Terry Martin, ''The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939'' (Cornell University Press, 2001: ), pp. 411–12.
See also
* Organization for Jewish Colonisation in the Soviet Union (IKOR) * Society for Settling Toiling Jews on the Land (OZET) * Gezerd *History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union
The history of the Jews in Russia and territorial evolution of Russia, areas historically connected with it goes back at least 1,500 years. Jews in Russia have historically constituted a large religious and ethnic diaspora; the Russian Empire a ...
* Jews and Judaism in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
*American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Advert
Where and how does this article resemble an WP:SOAP, advert and how should it be improved? See: Wikipedia:Spam (you might trthe Teahouseif you have questions).
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, also known as Joint or JDC, is a J ...
* Yevsektsiya
References
Further reading
* Robert Weinberg. ''Stalin's Forgotten Zion. Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland: An Illustrated History, 1928–1996'' (University of California Press, 1998)) * Jonathan L. Dekel-Chen. ''Farming the Red Land: Jewish Agricultural Colonization and Local Soviet Power, 1924–1941'' (Yale University Press, 2005)External links
OZET lottery posters and tickets
featured in
Swarthmore College
Swarthmore College ( , ) is a Private college, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1864, with its first classes held in 1869, Swarthmore is one of the e ...
's online exhibition "Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland."
Up From the "Ash Heap"? A Lost Chapter of Interwar Jewish History
by Jonathan Dekel-Chen (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) from Colombia Journal of Historiography {{authority control Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union Jewish Autonomous Oblast Soviet state institutions Jewish settlement schemes in the Soviet Union 1921 establishments in Russia 1938 disestablishments in the Soviet Union