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Megalocottus
''Megalocottus'' is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the western Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy ''Megalocottus'' was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1861 by the American biologist Theodore Gill with ''Cottus paltycephalus'' which had been described in 1814 by Peter Simon Pallas from Kamchatka and the Sea of Okhotsk as its only species. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this genus in the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae but other authorities classify it in the subfamily Myoxocephalinae of the family Psychrolutidae, although others place the subfamily Myoxocephalinae within the Cottidae. Etymology ''Megalocottus'' prefixes ''megalo'' meaning "great" or large" with Cottus, presumed to be a reference to the large size of the type species. Species ''Megalocottus'' currently contains two recognized: * '' Megalocottus platycephalus'' (Pallas, 1814) (Belligere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megalocottus Platycephalus
The belligerent sculpin (''Megalocottus platycephalus''), or flathead sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species occurs in the northern Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy The belligerent sculpin was first formally described in 1814 as ''Cottus platycephalus'' by the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas with its type locality given as Kamchatka and the Sea of Okhotsk. In 1861 the American biologist Theodore Gill classified this species in the monospecific genus ''Megalocottus''. Some authorities consider the belligerent sculpin to be the still the only species in its genus, either recognising the Southern flathead sculpin (''M. taeniopterus'') as a subspecies or junior synonym of ''M. platycephalus''. Fishbase still recognises two species within the genus ''Megalocottus''. The specific name ''playcephalus'' means "flat head", a reference to the wide, flat head with a projecting lower jaw. Description The belligerent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychrolutidae
The fish family Psychrolutidae (commonly known as blobfishes, flathead sculpins, or tadpole sculpins) contains over 35 recognized species in 8 genera. This family consists of bottom-dwelling marine sculpins shaped like tadpoles, with large heads and bodies that taper back into small, flat tails. The skin is loosely attached and movable, and the layer underneath it is gelatinous. The eyes are placed high on the head, focused forward closer to the tip of the snout. Members of the family generally have large, leaf-like pectoral fins and lack scales, although some species are covered with soft spines. This is important to the species as the depths in which they live are highly pressurized and they are ambush/opportunistic/foraging predators that do not expend energy unless they are forced to. The blobfish has a short, broad tongue and conical teeth that are slightly recurved and are arranged in bands in irregular rows along the premaxillaries; canines are completely absent. Teeth are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourhorn Sculpin
The fourhorn sculpin (''Myoxocephalus quadricornis'') is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species has a Holarctic distribution and can be found in marine, brackish and fresh waters. Taxonomy The fourhorn sculpin was first formally described as ''Cottus quadricornus'' in the 10th edition of Linnaeus's ''Systema Naturae'' with its type locality given as the Baltic Sea. In 2020 workers undertook a comparison of the Mitochondrial DNA of the fourhorn sculpin and the belligerent sculpin (''Megalcottus platycephalus'') and found that the fourhorn sculpin was more closely related to the belligerent sculpin than it was to the other species in the genus ''Myoxocephalus'', they proposed that the fourhorn sculpin be reclassified as a member of the genus ''Megalocottus''. The deepwater sculpin ''Myoxocephalus thompsonii'' of continental North American freshwater lakes (e.g., the Great Lakes) is closely related to the fourhorn sculpi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottidae
The Cottidae are a family of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins. It is the largest sculpin family, with about 275 species in 70 genera.Kane, E. A. and T. E. Higham. (2012)Life in the flow lane: differences in pectoral fin morphology suggest transitions in station-holding demand across species of marine sculpin. ''Zoology'' (Jena) 115(4), 223–32. They are referred to simply as cottids to avoid confusion with sculpins of other families. Cottids are distributed worldwide, especially in boreal and colder temperate climates. The center of diversity is the northern Pacific Ocean. Species occupy many types of aquatic habitats, including marine and fresh waters, and deep and shallow zones. A large number occur in near-shore marine habitat types, such as kelp forests and shallow reefs. They can be found in estuaries and in bodies of fresh water. Most cottids are small fish, under in length. The earliest fossil remains of cottids are otoliths potentially assignable to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myoxocephalus
''Myoxocephalus'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are found in the northern Pacific, Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, with a few species in lakes. Taxonomy ''Myoxocephalus'' was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1811 by Tilesius when he described ''Myoxocephalus stelleri'' from Kamchatka. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this genus in the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae but other authorities classify it in the subfamily Myoxocephalinae of the family Psychrolutidae, although others place the subfamily Myoxocephalinae within the Cottidae. Species There are currently 14 recognized species in this genus: * '' Myoxocephalus aenaeus'' ( Mitchill, 1814) (Grubby) * '' Myoxocephalus brandtii'' ( Steindachner, 1867) * '' Myoxocephalus jaok'' ( G. Cuvier, 1829) (Plain sculpin) * '' Myoxocephalus niger'' ( T. H. Bean, 1881) (Warthead sculpin) * '' Myoxocephalus ochotensis'' ( P. J. Schmid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottinae
Cottinae is a subfamily of ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. The subfamily has species throughout the northern hemisphere in both marine and freshwater habitats. Genera The following genera are included within the subfamily Cottinae: References Cottidae Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte Ray-finned fish subfamilies {{Cottidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore Gill
Theodore Nicholas Gill (March 21, 1837 – September 25, 1914) was an American ichthyologist, mammalogist, malacologist, and librarian. Career Born and educated in New York City under private tutors, Gill early showed interest in natural history. He was associated with J. Carson Brevoort in the arrangement of the latter's entomological and ichthyological collections before going to Washington, DC, in 1863 to work at the Smithsonian Institution. He catalogued mammals, fishes, and mollusks most particularly, although he maintained proficiency in other orders of animals. He was librarian at the Smithsonian and also senior assistant to the Library of Congress. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1867. Gill was professor of zoology at George Washington University. He was also a member of the Megatherium Club at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. Fellow members frequently mocked him for his vanity. He was president of the American Asso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genes (journal)
''Genes'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that is published by MDPI. The editor-in-chief is J. Peter W. Young (University of York). It covers all topics related to genes, genetics, and genomics. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: * Chemical Abstracts * EBSCOhost * EMBASE * Science Citation Index Expanded * Scopus Scopus is a scientific abstract and citation database, launched by the academic publisher Elsevier as a competitor to older Web of Science in 2004. The ensuing competition between the two databases has been characterized as "intense" and is c ... References External links * Genetics journals Open access journals Academic journals established in 2010 Quarterly journals English-language journals MDPI academic journals {{genetics-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondrion, mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus, and, in plants and algae, the DNA also is found in plastids, such as chloroplasts. Mitochondrial DNA is responsible for coding of 13 essential subunits of the complex oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system which has a role in cellular energy conversion. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. This sequencing revealed that human mtDNA has 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. As in other vertebrates, the human mitochondrial genetic code differs slightly from nuclear DNA. Since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Taxon
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
