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MDMB-FUBINACA
MDMB-FUBINACA (also known as MDMB(N)-Bz-F and FUB-MDMB) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is a potent agonist for cannabinoid receptors and that has been sold online as a designer drug. The structure of MDMB-FUBINACA contains the amino acid, 3-methylvaline, also known as l-tert-leucine. MDMB-FUBINACA has ''K''i values of 1.14nM at CB1 and 0.1228nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 0.2668nM at CB1 and 0.1411nM at CB2. Side effects There have been a large number of reported cases of deaths and hospitalizations in relation to this synthetic cannabinoid, mainly in Russia and Belarus. MDMB-FUBINACA was first reported in 2014 and quickly gained a reputation as the most deadly synthetic cannabinoid drug sold by 2015. Up to 700 hospitalisations and 25 deaths were initially linked to MDMB-FUBINACA in media and government reports, and subsequent testing confirmed that at least 1000 hospitalisations and 40 deaths had occurred as a consequence of intoxication by MDMB-FUBINACA a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5F-ADB
5F-ADB (also known as MDMB-5F-PINACA using systematic EMCDDA nomenclature and 5F-MDMB-PINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide family, which has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products and has been sold online as a designer drug. 5F-ADB is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor, though it is unclear whether it is selective for this target. 5F-ADB was first identified in November 2014 from post-mortem samples taken from an individual who had died after using a product containing this substance. Subsequent testing identified 5F-ADB to have been present in a total of ten people who had died from unexplained drug overdoses in Japan between September 2014 and December 2014. 5F-ADB is believed to be extremely potent based on the very low levels detected in tissue samples, and appears to be significantly more toxic than earlier synthetic cannabinoid drugs that had previously been sold. In 2018, 5F-ADB was the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5F-AMB
5F-AMB (also known as 5F-MMB-PINACA and 5F-AMB-PINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide family, which has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products. It was first identified in Japan in early 2014. Although only very little pharmacological information about 5F-AMB itself exists, its 4-cyanobutyl analogue (instead of 5-fluoropentyl) has been reported to be a potent agonist for the CB1 receptor (''K''I = 0.7 nM). Side effects 5F-AMB intoxication caused one fatality on its own, another through ketoacidosis in combination with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, AM-2201, 5F-APINACA, EAM-2201, JWH-018, JWH-122, MAM-2201, STS-135 and THJ-2201 and another fatality in combination with AB-CHMINACA and Diphenidine. Legality In the United States, 5F-AMB is a Schedule I controlled substance. 5F-AMB is an Anlage II controlled substance in Germany as of May 2015. Sweden's public health agency suggested classify ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ADB-FUBINACA
ADB-FUBINACA (ADMB-FUBINACA) is a designer drug identified in synthetic cannabis blends in Japan in 2013. In 2018, it was the third-most common synthetic cannabinoid identified in drugs seized by the Drug Enforcement Administration. The name is an acronym for N-(1-Amino-3,3-Dimethyl-1-oxoButan-2-yl)-1-(4-FlUoroBenzyl)-1H-INdAzole-3-CarboxAmide. The (''S'')-enantiomer of ADB-FUBINACA is described in a 2009 Pfizer patent and has been reported to be a potent agonist An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are Cell (biology), cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an R ... of the CB1 receptor and the CB2 receptor with EC50 values of 1.2 nM and 3.5 nM, respectively. ADB-FUBINACA features a carboxamide group at the 3-indazole position, like SDB-001 and STS-135. ADB-FUBINACA appears to be the product of rational drug design, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ADB-PINACA
ADB-PINACA is a cannabinoid designer drug that is an ingredient in some synthetic cannabis products. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and CB2 receptor with EC50 values of 0.52 nM and 0.88 nM respectively. Like MDMB-FUBINACA, this compound incorporates the unnatural amino acid ''tert''-leucine. Side effects ADB-PINACA has been linked to multiple hospitalizations and deaths due to its use. Metabolism Nineteen ADB-PINACA major metabolites were identified in several incubations with cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Major metabolic reactions included pentyl hydroxylation, hydroxylation followed by oxidation (ketone formation), and glucuronidation. Legality ADB-PINACA is listed in the Fifth Schedule of the Misuse of Drugs Act (MDA) and therefore illegal in Singapore as of May 2015. In the United States, it is a Schedule I controlled substance The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ADB-CHMINACA
ADB-CHMINACA (also known as ADMB-CHMINACA and MAB-CHMINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor with a binding affinity of ''K''i = 0.289 nM and was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009 as an analgesic medication. It was identified in cannabinoid blends in Japan in early 2015. Side effects There have been a number of reported cases of deaths and hospitalizations in relation to this synthetic cannabinoid. Legal status In the United States, ADB-CHMINACA is a Schedule I controlled substance. Prior to its listing at the federal level in 2018, Louisiana placed ADB-CHMINACA on its Schedule I list by emergency scheduling in 2014. Sweden's public health agency suggested to classify ADB-CHMINACA as hazardous substance on November 10, 2014. ADB-CHMINACA is listed in the Fifth Schedule of the Misuse of Drugs Act (MDA) and therefore illegal in Singapore as of May 2015. ADB-CHMINACA is illegal in Switzerland as o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AB-CHMINACA
AB-CHMINACA is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor (''K''i = 0.78 nM) and CB2 receptor (''K''i = 0.45 nM) and fully substitutes for Δ9-THC in rat discrimination studies, while being 16x more potent. Continuing the trend seen in other cannabinoids of this generation, such as AB-FUBINACA and AB-PINACA, it contains a valine amino acid amide residue as part of its structure, where older cannabinoids contained a naphthyl or adamantane residue. Side effects There have been a number of reported cases of seizures, deaths, and psychotic episodes in relation to this synthetic cannabinoid. Legal status In 2015, AB-CHMINACA became a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States. AB-CHMINACA is an Anlage II controlled substance in Germany as of May 2015. As of October 2015 AB-CHMINACA is a controlled substance in China. AB-CHMINACA is illegal in Switzerland as of December 2015. AB-CHMINACA is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AB-FUBINACA
AB-FUBINACA ( AMB-FUBINACA) is a psychoactive drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with ''K''i values of 0.9 nM at CB1 and 23.2 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 1.8 nM at CB1 and 3.2 nM at CB2. It was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009 as an analgesic medication but was never pursued for human use. In 2012, it was discovered as an ingredient in synthetic cannabinoid blends in Japan, along with a related compound AB-PINACA, which had not previously been reported. Its use has been linked to hospitalizations and deaths. Legality United States of America It was designated as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States in January 2014. Finland In Finland AB-FUBINACA is scheduled in government decree on psychoactive substances banned from the consumer market as of 19 October 2017. Germany It is an Anlage II controlled substance in Germany as of November 2014. China Since October 2015 AB-FUBINACA is a controlled subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5F-APINACA
5F-APINACA (also known as A-5F-PINACA, 5F-AKB-48 or 5F-AKB48) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug. Structurally it closely resembles cannabinoid compounds from patent WO 2003/035005 but with a 5-fluoropentyl chain on the indazole 1-position, and 5F-APINACA falls within the claims of this patent, as despite not being disclosed as an example, it is very similar to the corresponding pentanenitrile and 4-chlorobutyl compounds which are claimed as examples 3 and 4. 5F-APINACA was first identified in South Korea. It is expected to be a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and CB2 receptor. Its metabolism has been described in literature. Pharmacology 5F-APINACA acts as a full agonist with a binding affinity of 1.94 nM at CB1 and 0.266 nM at CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Legality In the United States, 5F-APINACA is a Schedule I controlled substance The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the statute establishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indazole
Indazole, also called isoindazole, is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. This bicyclic compound consists of the fusion of benzene and pyrazole. Indazole is an amphoteric molecule which can be protonated to an indazolium cation or deprotonated to an indazolate anion. The corresponding ''pKa'' values are 1.04 for the equilibrium between indazolium cation and indazole and 13.86 for the equilibrium between indazole and indazolate anion. Indazole derivatives display a broad variety of biological activities. Indazoles are rare in nature. The alkaloids nigellicine, nigeglanine, and nigellidine are indazoles. Nigellicine was isolated from the widely distributed plant '' Nigella sativa'' L. (black cumin). Nigeglanine was isolated from extracts of '' Nigella glandulifera''. The Davis–Beirut reaction can generate 2''H''-indazoles. Indazole, C7H6N2, was obtained by E. Fischer (''Ann.'' 1883, 221, p. 280) by heating ortho-hydrazine cinnamic acid, : Drugs made from Indazole Benz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug Policy Of Portugal
The drug policy of Portugal, informally called the "drug strategy", was put in place in 2000, and came into effect in July 2001. Created by the Decree-Law n. 130 -A/2001 and under the jurisdiction of the Commissions for the Dissuasion of Drug Addiction, its purpose was to reduce the number of new HIV/AIDS cases in the country, as it was estimated around half of new cases came from injection drug use. This new approach focused on public health as opposed to public-order priorities by decriminalizing public and private use and possession of all drugs. Under this new policy when the police encounter individuals using or in possession of drugs, the substance is confiscated and the individual is referred to a Dissuasion Commission. The policy consisted of multiple methods to reduce the spread of HIV, among which were harm reduction efforts, information to the public and in particular to populations most at risk about how HIV is spread, establishing treatment facilities and easier acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ADB-BINACA
ADB-BINACA (also known as ADMB-BZINACA using EMCDDA naming standards) is a cannabinoid designer drug that has been found as an ingredient in some synthetic cannabis products. It was originally developed by Pfizer as a potential analgesic, and is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor with a binding affinity (Ki) of 0.33 nM and an EC50 of 14.7 nM. Adb-Butinaca The analogue with a 1-butyl substitution on the indazole ring rather than 1-benzyl has also been sold as a designer drug under the name ADB-BINACA, but is now more commonly referred to as ADB-BUTINACA to avoid confusion with the benzyl compound. It is a similarly potent CB1 agonist, with a binding affinity of 0.29nM for CB1 and 0.91nM for CB2, and an EC50 of 6.36 nM for CB1. See also * 4F-MDMB-BINACA * 5F-AB-PINACA * 5F-ADB * 5F-ADB-PINACA * ADB-CHMINACA * ADB-FUBICA * ADB-FUBINACA * ADB-HEXINACA * ADB-PINACA ADB-PINACA is a cannabinoid designer drug that is an ingredient in some synthetic cannabis products. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AB-PINACA
AB-PINACA is a compound that was first identified as a component of synthetic cannabis products in Japan in 2012. It was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009 as an analgesic medication. AB-PINACA acts as a potent agonist for the CB1 receptor (''K''i = 2.87 nM, EC50 = 1.2 nM) and CB2 receptor (''K''i = 0.88 nM, EC50 = 2.5 nM) and fully substitutes for Δ9-THC in rat discrimination studies, while being 1.5x more potent. There have been a number of reported cases of deaths and hospitalizations in relation to this synthetic cannabinoid. Legal status Germany AB-PINACA is an Anlage II controlled substance in Germany as of November 2014. Singapore It is listed in the Fifth Schedule of the Misuse of Drugs Act and so is illegal in Singapore, as of May 2015. United States It is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States. China It is a controlled substance in China as of October 2015. France It is a contr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
