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Lye
Lye is the common name of various alkaline solutions, including soda lye (a solution of sodium hydroxide) and potash lye (a solution of potassium hydroxide). Lyes are used as cleaning products, as ingredients in soapmaking, and in various other contexts. History The word derives from the root *''lau'', meaning to wash (compare , ) and has cognates in all the Germanic languages. Traditionally, lye was made by leaching wood ashes in water, creating an alkaline liquor rich in potassium carbonate or potash. The alkalinity could be increased by adding slaked lime, which would cause the solute to become potassium hydroxide or caustic potash. Uses Food Lyes are used to cure many types of food, including the traditional Nordic lutefisk, olives (making them less bitter), canned mandarin oranges, lye rolls, century eggs, pretzels, candied pumpkins, and bagels. They are also used as a tenderizer in the crust of baked Cantonese moon cakes, in " zongzi" ( glutinous rice dumpli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions . Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base (chemistry), base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and at high concentrations may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates . The monohydrate crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, sodium hydroxide is frequently used alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the making of wood pulp and paper, tex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lye Roll
Lye rolls are a baked specialty in Germany (especially in Bavaria and Swabia), France (Alsace), Switzerland, and Austria. They are made by immersing bread rolls in a lye solution before baking. The German name, ''Laugengebäck'', is used for any baked good dipped in lye. The perhaps best known shape is the pretzel, while rolls or buns are specifically called ''Laugensemmel'' or ''Kastanie'' (Bavarian), ''Laugeweckle'' or ''Laugestängle'' (Swabian), and ''Laugenwecken'', ''Laugenbrötchen'' or ''Laugenstange'' (everywhere else in Germany); ''Laugenweckerl'' in Austria; ''Silserli'' or ''Laugenbrötli'' in Switzerland. In some parts of Asia they are also known as ''laugen rolls''. In France, the lye roll is known as a mauricette, it was invented by Paul Poulaillon in the Alsace region when he opened the first Poulaillon bakery in 1973. It was later registered as a trademark with an alternate name, Moricette, in 1985. The lard was then replaced by rapeseed oil. Lye In order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pretzel
A pretzel ( ; from or , ) is a type of baking, baked pastry made from dough that is commonly shaped into a knot. The traditional pretzel shape is a distinctive symmetrical form, with the ends of a long strip of dough intertwined and then twisted back onto itself in a particular way (a pretzel loop or pretzel bow). Today, pretzels come in various shapes, textures, and colors, but the original soft pretzel remains one of the most common pretzel types. Salt#Edible salt, Salt is the most common seasoning, or topping, for pretzels, complementing the sodium carbonate, washing soda or sodium hydroxide, lye lye roll, treatment that gives pretzels their traditional skin and flavor acquired through the Maillard reaction. Other toppings are mustard (condiment), mustard, cheeses, sugar, chocolate, cinnamon, glaze (cooking technique), sweet glazing, seeds, and nut (fruit), nuts. Regional specialties like Spundekäs have been designed to go along with pretzels. Varieties of pretzels includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Noodles
Chinese noodles vary widely according to the region of production, ingredients, shape or width, and manner of preparation. Noodles were invented in China, and are an essential ingredient and Staple food, staple in Chinese cuisine. They are an important part of most regional cuisines within China, and other countries with sizable overseas Chinese populations. Chinese noodles can be made of wheat, buckwheat, rice, millet, maize, oats, Acorn, acorns, kudzu, Ulmus pumila, Siberian elm, soybeans, mung beans, Yam (vegetable), yams, cassava, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and meats such as fish as food, fish and shrimp and prawn as food, shrimp. There are over 1,200 types of noodles commonly consumed in China today, with tens of thousands of noodle dish varieties prepared using these types of noodles. Chinese noodles have entered the cuisines of neighboring East Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, and Mongolia, as well as Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lutefisk
''Lutefisk'' ( Norwegian, in Northern and parts of Central Norway, in Southern Norway; ; ; literally " lye fish") is dried whitefish, usually cod, but sometimes ling or burbot, cured in lye. It is made from aged stockfish (air-dried whitefish), or dried and salted cod. The fish takes a gelatinous texture after being rehydrated for days prior to eating. Lutefisk is prepared as a seafood dish of several Nordic countries. It is traditionally part of the Christmas feasts Norwegian julebord, Swedish julbord, and Finnish joulupöytä. Origin Preserved fish provided protein for generations in a part of the world with a strong fishing tradition. It is not known when people first started treating dried fish with lye. The reason was probably that the lack of major salt deposits in the area favored the drying process for the preservation of whitefish, a process known for millennia.Erica JanikScandinavians' Strange Holiday Lutefisk Tradition '' Smithsonian'', 8 Dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hominy
Hominy is a food item produced from dried maize (corn) kernels that have been treated with an alkali, in a process called nixtamalization ( is the Nahuatl word for "hominy"). "Lye hominy" is a type of hominy made with lye. History The process of nixtamalization has been fundamental to Mesoamerican cuisine since ancient times. The lime used to treat the maize can be obtained from several different materials. Among the Lacandon Maya who inhabited the tropical lowland regions of eastern Chiapas, the caustic powder was obtained by toasting freshwater shells over a fire for several hours. In the highland areas of Chiapas and throughout much of the Yucatán Peninsula, Belize River valley and Petén Basin, limestone was used to make slaked lime for steeping the shelled kernels. The Maya used nixtamal to produce beers that more resembled ''chicha'' than '' pulque''. When bacteria were introduced to nixtamal it created a type of sourdough. The process of nixtamalization spread from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitsi-pitsî
Pichi-pichi, also spelled pitsi-pitsi, is a Filipino dessert made from steamed cassava flour balls mixed with sugar and lye. It is also commonly flavored with pandan leaves. It is served rolled in freshly grated coconut, cheese, or latik (coconut caramel) before serving. The name is believed to have been derived from the Araucanian word ''pichi'' meaning "small" and was used by Spanish Americans in the 19th century. The dish is associated with the province of Quezon where this delicacy is very common and especially with the Pahiyas Festival in Lucban where it is believed that this dish had originated. A similar dish to pichi-pichi is the putli mandi of the Tausug and Yakan people. It is prepared identically, and differs only in that it has a filling of sweetened coconut strips ('' hinti''). It is similar to palitaw, except palitaw is made into thin flat cakes and is made with glutinous rice flour. Preparation The cassava is first peeled, grated, and washed. The gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potassium Hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula K OH, and is commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which utilize its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. An estimated 700,000 to 800,000 tonnes were produced in 2005. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps, as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals. It is a white solid that is dangerously corrosive. Properties and structure KOH exhibits high thermal stability. Because of this high stability and relatively low melting point, it is often melt-cast as pellets or rods, forms that have low surface area and convenient handling properties. These pellets become tacky in air because KOH is hygroscopic. Most commercial samples are ca. 90% pure, the remainder being water and carbonates. Its dissolution in water is strongly exothermic. Concentrated aqueous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nixtamalization
Nixtamalization ( ) is a process for the preparation of maize (corn), or other cereal grain, grain, in which the grain is soaked and cooking, cooked in an alkaline solution, usually limewater (but sometimes aqueous alkali metal carbonates), washed, and then hulling, hulled. The term can also refer to the removal via an alkali process of the pericarp from other grains such as sorghum. Nixtamalized corn has several benefits over unprocessed grain: It is more easily ground, its nutritional value is increased, Flavor (taste), flavor and aroma are improved, and mycotoxins are reduced by up to 97–100% (for aflatoxin, aflatoxins). Lime and ash are highly alkaline: the alkalinity helps the dissolution of hemicellulose, the major glue-like component of the maize cell walls, and loosens the hulls from the kernels and softens the maize. The tryptophan in corn proteins is made more available for human absorption, thus helping to prevent niacin deficiency (pellagra). Tryptophan is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kutsinta
''Puto cuchinta'' or ''kutsinta'' is a type of steamed rice cake ('' puto'') found throughout the Philippines. It is made from a mixture of tapioca or rice flour, brown sugar, and lye, enhanced with yellow food coloring or annatto extract, and steamed in small ramekins. It bears resemblance to the Burmese '' mont kywe the'' and Indonesian and Malaysian '' kuih kosui''. The cooked cakes are topped with fresh grated meat from mature coconut The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family (biology), family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, ....del Mundo, Angelita M. "Emerging Versions of Some Traditional Philippine Rice Food Products." ''Disappearing Foods: Studies in Foods and Dishes at Risk: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery''. 1994 It is consumed year-round as a '' merienda'' or snack, and is frequently sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagel
A bagel (; ; also spelled beigel) is a bread roll originating in the Jewish communities of Poland. Bagels are traditionally made from yeasted wheat dough that is shaped by hand into a torus or ring, briefly boiled in water, and then baked. The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior. Bagels are often topped with seeds baked on the outer crust—traditional choices include poppy and sesame seeds—or with salt grains. Different dough types include whole-grain and rye. The basic roll-with-a-hole design, hundreds of years old, allows even cooking and baking of the dough; it also allows groups of bagels to be gathered on a string or dowel for handling, transportation, and retail display. The earliest known mention of a boiled-then-baked ring-shaped bread can be found in a 13th-century Syrian cookbook, where they are referred to as . Bagel-like bread known as obwarzanek was common earlier in Poland as seen in royal family account ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zongzi
''Zongzi'' () or simply ''zong'' () is a traditional Chinese rice dish made of glutinous rice stuffed with a range of fillings and wrapped in bamboo leaves. Fillings can be either sweet, such as red bean paste, or savory, such as pork belly or Chinese sausage. The bamboo for wrapping the ''zongzi'' is generally of the species ''Indocalamus tessellatus'', although sometimes common reed, reed or other large flat leaves may be used. ''Zongzi'' are cooked by steaming or boiling. Names As it diffused to other regions of Asia over many centuries, ''zongzi'' became known by various names in different languages and cultures, including ''phet htoke'' () in Burmese language, Burmese-speaking areas (such as Myanmar), ''nom chang'' in Cambodia, ''machang'' in Philippines, ''bacang'' in Indonesia, ''khanom chang'' in Laos, and ''ba-chang'' in Thailand. Vietnamese cuisine also has a variation on this dish known as ''bánh ú tro'' or ''bánh tro''. In Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
