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Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)
The Lebanese Youth Movement – LYM (Arabic: حركة الشباب اللبنانية , ''Harakat al-Shabab al-Lubnaniyya''), also known as the Maroun Khoury Group (MKG), was a Christianity in Lebanon, Christian militia which fought in the Lebanese Civil War#First phase (1975–1977), 1975-77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War. Origins The LYM was founded in the early 1970s as an association of Maronite Christianity in Lebanon, Maronite right-wing university students, who strongly opposed the Cairo Agreement (1969), 1969 Cairo Agreement and the presence of Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) guerrilla factions in Lebanon, by Maroun el-Khoury (''nom de guerre'' "Bash Maroun"), the son of the former head of the Dekwaneh district of East Beirut, Naim el-Khoury. Political beliefs Being violently anti-communist and anti-Palestinian people, Palestinian, the group's ideology stemmed from the extremist Phoenicianism, Phoenicist identities espoused by the Guardians of the Cedars. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War ( ) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 150,000 fatalities and led to the exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon. The religious diversity of the Lebanese people played a notable role in the lead-up to and during the conflict: Lebanese Christians and Lebanese Sunni Muslims comprised the majority in the coastal cities; Lebanese Shia Muslims were primarily based throughout southern Lebanon and in the Beqaa Valley in the east; and Lebanese Druze, Druze and Christians populated the country's mountainous areas. At the time, the Lebanese government was under the influence of elites within the Maronite Christian community. The link between politics and religion was reinforced under the Greater Lebanon, French Mandate from 1920 to 1943, and the country's parliamentary structure favoured a leading position for Lebanese Christians, who constituted the majority of the population. However, Leban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syrian Arab Armed Forces
The Syrian Arab Armed Forces (SAAF; ) were the combined armed forces of Syria from 1963 to 2024. They served during the rule of the Ba'ath Party in Syria. The SAAF consisted of the Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Air Defense Force, Syrian Arab Navy. According to the 2012 Constitution of Syria, the President of Syria was the Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The Minister of Defence held the position of Deputy Commander-in-chief of the Army and Armed Forces. The SAAF utilized conscription; males served in the military at age 18, but they were exempted from service if they did not have a brother who can take care of their parents. After the beginning of the Syrian Civil War, Syrian military enlisted strength dropped by over half from a pre-civil war figure of 325,000 to 150,000 soldiers in the army in December 2014 due to casualties, desertions and draft dodging, reaching between 178,000 and 220,000 soldiers in the army, in addition to 80,000 to 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Militia
A militia ( ) is a military or paramilitary force that comprises civilian members, as opposed to a professional standing army of regular, full-time military personnel. Militias may be raised in times of need to support regular troops or serve as a pool of available manpower for regular forces to draw from. When acting independently, militias are generally unable to hold ground against regular forces. Militias commonly support regular troops by skirmishing, holding fortifications, or conducting irregular warfare, instead of undertaking offensive campaigns by themselves. However, militias may also engage in defense activities to protect a community, its territory, property, and laws. For example, naval militias may comprise fishermen and other civilians which are organized and sanctioned by a state to enforce its maritime boundaries. Beginning in the late 20th century, some militias (in particular officially recognized and sanctioned militias of a government) act as profe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoenicianism
Phoenicianism is a form of Lebanese nationalism that apprizes and presents Phoenicia, ancient Phoenicia as the chief ethno-cultural foundation of the Lebanese people. It is juxtaposed with Arab migrations to the Levant following the early Muslim conquests in the 7th century, which resulted in the region's Arabization. As such, this perspective opposes pan-Arabism and pan-Islamism, and also seeks to resist Lebanon–Syria relations, Syrian influence on the Lebanese political and cultural spheres. Within Lebanon, the Phoenicianist ideology has most notably garnered support among Christianity in Lebanon, Lebanese Christians, especially the Maronites. Adopted by Christian intellectuals upon the creation of the French Third Republic, French-administered Greater Lebanon, State of Greater Lebanon, Phoenicianism has been endorsed by a number of prominent Lebanese figures, such as the Maronite poet Said Akl, Saïd Akl, and by political organizations like the Lebanese Renewal Party, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestinian People
Palestinians () are an Arab ethnonational group native to the Levantine region of Palestine. *: "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous population, descended from Jews, other Semitic groups, and non-Semitic groups such as the Philistines, had been mostly Christianized. Over succeeding centuries it was Islamicized, and Arabic replaced Aramaic (a Semitic tongue closely related to Hebrew) as the dominant language" * : "Palestinians are the descendants of all the indigenous peoples who lived in Palestine over the centuries; since the seventh century, they have been predominantly Muslim in religion and almost completely Arab in language and culture." * : "Furthermore, Zionism itself was also defined by its opposition to the indigenous Palestinian inhabitants of the region. Both the 'conquest of land' and the 'conquest of labor' slogans that became central to the dominant strain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-communist
Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communist beliefs, groups, and individuals. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in an intense rivalry. Anti-communism has been an element of many movements and different political positions across the political spectrum, including anarchism, centrism, conservatism, fascism, liberalism, nationalism, social democracy, socialism, leftism, and libertarianism, as well as broad movements #Evasion of censorship, resisting communist governance. Anti-communism has also been expressed by #Religions, several religious groups, and in art and #Literature, literature. The first organization which was specifically dedicated to opposing communism was the Russian White movement, which fought in the Russian Civil War starting in 1918 against the recently established Government of Vladimir Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naim El-Khoury
Naim (also spelled Na'im, Nayeem, Naeem, Naiem, Nahim, Naheem, Nyhiem, Nihiem, Nyheim, Niheem, Nahiem or Nyiem) (, ) is a male given name and a surname. Persons with the name *Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im (born 1946), Sudanese lawyer and writer * Armon Ben-Naim (born 1990), Israeli football player * C. M. Naim (born 1936), American writer * Hussein Naeem (1987–2007), Lebanese football player * Mohammad Naeem (other), several people *Moisés Naím (born 1952), Venezuelan writer * Omar Naim (born 1977), Lebanese film director and screenwriter * Ra'anan Naim (1935-2009), Israeli politician *Yael Naim (born 1978), Israeli singer * Yuval Naim (born 1967), Israeli former football player and manager * Yuval Naimy (born 1985), Israeli basketball player * Nabiul Islam Nayeem, Bangladeshi cricketer *Syed Nayeemuddin (born 1944), captain and later coach of the India national football team * Mohammed Nayeemuddin (died 2016), Gangster and Naxal leader *Naim ibn Hammad (died 843 AD), H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maroun El-Khoury
Maron, also called Maroun or Maro (, '; , '; ; ), was a 4th-century Syriac Christian hermit monk in the Taurus Mountains whose followers, after his death, founded a religious Christian movement that became known as the Maronite Church, in full communion with the Holy See and the Catholic Church. The religious community which grew from this movement are the modern Maronites. Maron, revered as a highly spiritual ascetic monk with a connection to God through his communion with the natural environment, garnered widespread respect within Christian circles. In addition to his emphasis on ascetic spirituality, he played an important role in advancing Christian missions in the region. One of his disciples, Abraham of Cyrrhus, emerged as a missionary, successfully disseminating the Maronite variant of Christianity in Lebanon, which took root in the region and persisted ever since. Saint Maron is often portrayed in a black monastic habit with a hanging stole, accompanied by a long cros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanon
Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west; Cyprus lies a short distance from the coastline. Lebanon has a population of more than five million and an area of . Beirut is the country's capital and largest city. Human habitation in Lebanon dates to 5000 BC. From 3200 to 539 BC, it was part of Phoenicia, a maritime civilization that spanned the Mediterranean Basin. In 64 BC, the region became part of the Roman Empire and the subsequent Byzantine Empire. After the seventh century, it Muslim conquest of the Levant, came under the rule of different Islamic caliphates, including the Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun, Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid. The 11th century saw the establishment of Christian Crusader states, which fell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cairo Agreement (1969)
The Cairo Agreement, or Cairo Accord, was an agreement reached on 2 November 1969 during talks between Yasser Arafat and the Lebanese army commander, General Emile Bustani.Cobban, 1984, p. 47. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser helped to broker the deal. Terms Although the text of the agreement was never published, an unofficial version appeared in the Lebanese daily newspaper '' An-Nahar'' on 20 April 1970. According to the agreement, the presence and activities of Palestinian guerrillas in southeastern Lebanon would be tolerated and regulated by the Lebanese authorities.Weisburd, 1997, p. 142. Under the agreement, 16 UNRWA camps in Lebanon, home to 300,000 Palestinian refugees, were removed from the jurisdiction of the Lebanese Army's Deuxième Bureau and placed under the authority of the Palestinian Armed Struggle Command.Cobban, 1984, p. 48. Although the camps remained under Lebanese sovereignty, this meant that after 1969, they became a key popular base for the guer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right-wing
Right-wing politics is the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position based on natural law, economics, authority, property, religion, or tradition. Hierarchy and inequality may be seen as natural results of traditional social differences or competition in market economies. Right-wing politics are considered the counterpart to left-wing politics, and the left–right political spectrum is the most common political spectrum. The right includes social conservatives and fiscal conservatives, as well as right-libertarians. "Right" and "right-wing" have been variously used as compliments and pejoratives describing neoliberal, conservative, and fascist economic and social ideas. Positions The following positions are typically associated with right-wing politics. Anti-communism Early communists used the term "right-wing" in reference to conservatives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maronite Christianity In Lebanon
Lebanese Maronite Christians (; ) refers to Lebanese people who are members of the Maronite Church in Lebanon, the largest Christian body in the country. The Lebanese Maronite population is concentrated mainly in Mount Lebanon and East Beirut. They are believed to constitute about 30% of the total population of Lebanon. The Maronites and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century through the ruling and social system known as the " Maronite–Druze dualism." The 1860 Druze–Maronite conflict led to the establishment of Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, an autonomous entity within the Ottoman Empire dominated by Maronites and protected by European powers. In the aftermath of the First World War, the Maronites successfully campaigned for Greater Lebanon carved out from Mount Lebanon and neighboring areas. Under the French Mandate, and until the end of the Second World War, the Maronites gained substantial influence. Post-independence, they dominated Lebane ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
