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Laminin
Laminins are a family of glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix of all animals. They are major constituents of the basement membrane, namely the basal lamina (the protein network foundation for most cells and organs). Laminins are vital to biological activity, influencing cell differentiation, migration, and adhesion. Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with a high molecular mass (~400 to ~900 kDa) and possess three different chains (α, β, and γ) encoded by five, four, and three paralogous genes in humans, respectively. The laminin molecules are named according to their chain composition, e.g. laminin-511 contains α5, β1, and γ1 chains. Fourteen other chain combinations have been identified ''in vivo''. The trimeric proteins intersect, composing a cruciform structure that is able to bind to other molecules of the extracellular matrix and cell membrane. The three short arms have an affinity for binding to other laminin molecules, conducing sheet formation. The long ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laminin 111
Laminin–111 (also "laminin–1") is a protein of the type known as laminin isoforms. It was among the first of the laminin isoforms to be discovered.Aumailley, M., Bruckner-Tuderman, L., Carter, W. G., Deutzmann, R., Edgar, D., Ekblom, P., & Yurchenco, P. D. (2005). A simplified laminin nomenclature. ''Matrix biology'', 24(5): 326-332. The "111" identifies the isoform's chain composition of α1β1γ1. This protein plays an important role in embryonic development. Injections of this substance are used in treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and its cellular action may potentially become a focus of study in cancer research. Distribution The distribution of the different laminin isoforms is tissue-specific.Durbeej, M. (2010). Laminins. ''Cell and Tissue Research'', 339(1): 259-268. Laminin–111 is predominantly expressed in the embryonic epithelium, but can also be found in some adult epithelium such as the kidney, liver, testis, ovaries, and brain blood vessels.Ekblom, M., ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMB1
Laminin subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMB1'' gene. Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms, which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMC1
Laminin subunit gamma-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMC1'' gene. Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMB2
Laminin subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMB2'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... Function Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMA5
Laminin subunit alpha-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA5'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... Function Components of the extracellular matrix exert myriad effects on tissues throughout the body. In particular, the laminins, a family of heterotrimeric extracellular glycoproteins, affect tissue development and integrity in such diverse organs as the kidney, lung, skin, and nervous system. It is thought that laminins mediate the attachment, migration, and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. Laminins function as heterotrimeric complexes of alpha, beta, and gamma chains, with each chain type representing a different subfamily of proteins. The protein encode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMA4
Laminin subunit alpha-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA4'' gene. Function Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different hetero trimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMC2
Laminin subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMC2'' gene. Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major Collagen, noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, Cellular differentiation, differentiation, Cell migration, migration, Cell signaling, signaling, Neurotrophic factors, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a Protein domain, multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several Protein isoform, isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different Protein trimer, heterotrimeric la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMA1
Laminin subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA1'' gene. Interactions Laminin, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with FBLN2 Fibulin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FBLN2'' gene. This gene encodes an extracellular matrix protein, which belongs to the fibulin family. This protein binds various extracellular ligands and calcium. It may play a role dur .... Role in pathology Mutations of the LAMA1 gene cause the Poretti–Boltshauser syndrome. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-18-stub Laminins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMA2
Laminin subunit alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA2'' gene. Function Laminin, an extracellular matrix protein, is a major component of the basement membrane The basement membrane, also known as base membrane, is a thin, pliable sheet-like type of extracellular matrix that provides cell and tissue support and acts as a platform for complex signalling. The basement membrane sits between epithelial tis .... It is thought to mediate the attachment, migration, and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. It is composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, which are bound to each other by disulfide bonds into a cross-shaped molecule. This gene encodes the alpha 2 chain, which constitutes one of the subunits of laminin 2 (merosin) and laminin 4 (s-merosin). Mutations in this gene have been identified as the cause of congenital merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMA3
Laminin subunit alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA3'' gene. Function Laminins are basement membrane components thought to mediate the attachment, migration and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha-3 chain of laminin 5, which is a complex glycoprotein composed of three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Laminin 5 is thought to be involved in cell adhesion, signal transduction and differentiation of keratinocytes. Clinical significance Mutations in this gene have been identified as the cause of Herlitz type Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (medicine), junctional epidermolysis bullosa. It may be associated with Laryngoonychocutaneous syndrome. Interactions Laminin, alpha 3 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMC3
Laminin subunit gamma-3 also known as LAMC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMC3'' gene. Function Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface. This process can occur either through direct contact between cell surfaces such as Cell_junction, cell junc ..., differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Severa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMB3
Laminin subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMB3'' gene. LAMB3 encodes the beta 3 subunit of laminin. Laminin is composed of three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma), and refers to a family of basement membrane The basement membrane, also known as base membrane, is a thin, pliable sheet-like type of extracellular matrix that provides cell and tissue support and acts as a platform for complex signalling. The basement membrane sits between epithelial tis ... proteins. For example, LAMB3 serves as the beta chain in laminin-5. Mutations in LAMB3 have been identified as the cause of various types of epidermolysis bullosa. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Laminins {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
