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Helminthomorpha
Chilognatha is a Subclass (biology), subclass of the Class (biology), class Diplopoda, which includes the vast majority of extant millipede, millipedes, about 12,000 species. Taxonomy The classification of Chilognatha presented below is based on Shear, 2011, and Shear & Edgecombe, 2010 (extinct groups). Recent cladistic and molecular studies have challenged the traditional classification schemes above, and in particular the position of the orders Siphoniulida and Polyzoniida is not yet well established. The placement and positions of extinct groups (†) known only from fossils is tentative and not fully resolved. After each name is listed the author citation (zoology), author citation: the name of the person who coined the name or defined the group, even if not at the current rank. * Subclass Chilognatha Latrielle, 1802 ** Order †Zosterogrammida Wilson, 2005 (Chilognatha ''incertae sedis'') ** Order †Microdecemplicida? Wilson & Shear, 2000 (Originally considered as member of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplopoda
Millipedes (originating from the Latin , "thousand", and , "foot") are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derived from this feature. Each double-legged segment is a result of two single segments fused together. Most millipedes have very elongated cylindrical or flattened bodies with more than 20 segments, while pill millipedes are shorter and can roll into a tight ball. Although the name "millipede" derives from Latin for "thousand feet", no species was known to have 1,000 or more until the discovery in 2020 of '' Eumillipes persephone'', which can have over 1,300 legs. There are approximately 12,000 named species classified into 16 orders and around 140 families, making Diplopoda the largest class of myriapods, an arthropod group which also includes centipedes and other multi-legged creatures. Most millipedes are slow-moving detritivores, eating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropleuridea
Arthropleuridea, from Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (''árthron''), meaning "joint", and πλευρά (''pleurá''), meaning "rib", is an extinct subclass of myriapod arthropods that flourished during the Carboniferous period, having first arisen during the Silurian, and perishing in the Early Permian. Members are characterized by possessing diplosegement (fused "double segments", as in modern-day millipedes) Paranota, paranotal tergal lobes separated from the body axis by a suture, and by Sclerosis (medicine), sclerotized plates buttressing the leg insertions. Despite their unique features, recent Phylogenetics, phylogenetic research suggests Arthropleuridea be included among millipedes in the class Diplopoda. The subclass contains three or two recognized Order (biology), orders, each with a single genus. Paleobiology Arthropleurids lived in the moist coal swamps that were common at the time and may have burrowed in the undergrowth. They were either herbivores or detritivores. Bes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helminthomorpha
Chilognatha is a Subclass (biology), subclass of the Class (biology), class Diplopoda, which includes the vast majority of extant millipede, millipedes, about 12,000 species. Taxonomy The classification of Chilognatha presented below is based on Shear, 2011, and Shear & Edgecombe, 2010 (extinct groups). Recent cladistic and molecular studies have challenged the traditional classification schemes above, and in particular the position of the orders Siphoniulida and Polyzoniida is not yet well established. The placement and positions of extinct groups (†) known only from fossils is tentative and not fully resolved. After each name is listed the author citation (zoology), author citation: the name of the person who coined the name or defined the group, even if not at the current rank. * Subclass Chilognatha Latrielle, 1802 ** Order †Zosterogrammida Wilson, 2005 (Chilognatha ''incertae sedis'') ** Order †Microdecemplicida? Wilson & Shear, 2000 (Originally considered as member of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colobognatha
Colobognatha is a clade (formally considered a subterclass) of helminthomorph millipedes containing four orders: Platydesmida, Polyzoniida, Siphonocryptida, and Siphonophorida. Description The Colobognatha are united by several shared traits (synapomorphies). Males have two pairs of simple, leg-like gonopods, consisting of the rear leg pair of body segment 7 and the foreword-most leg pair of segment 8. They possess tubular defensive glands that open on the sides of the body, and lack a palp-like structure on their gnathochilaria. Other traits found in colobognathans, but not exclusively, include a distinctly narrow head, lack of Tömösváry organs, and no more than two pairs of ocelli A simple eye or ocellus (sometimes called a pigment pit) is a form of eye or an optical arrangement which has a single lens without the sort of elaborate retina that occurs in most vertebrates. These eyes are called "simple" to distinguish the .... References {{Authority control ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentazonia
Pentazonia is a taxonomic infraclass of millipedes containing the pill-millipedes (Oniscomorpha) which can roll into a ball and the order Glomeridesmida which cannot. Defining traits (apomorphies) include divided sternites, a labrum with single median tooth, and an enlarged pygidium on the hind-most body segment. Pentazonia is in the dominant millipede subclass Chilognatha which have a calcified exoskeleton and modified sperm-transferring legs in males. In contrast to the Helminthomorpha Chilognatha is a Subclass (biology), subclass of the Class (biology), class Diplopoda, which includes the vast majority of extant millipede, millipedes, about 12,000 species. Taxonomy The classification of Chilognatha presented below is based on ... – the other Chilognathan infraclass, the sperm-transferring legs are located on posterior body segments and known as ''telopods''. Pentazonians are relatively short-bodied, with between 13 and 21 body segments. The Pentazonia contains one extin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glomerida
Glomerida is an order of pill-millipedes found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. Also known as northern pill millipedes, they superficially resemble pill-bugs or woodlice, and can enroll into a protective ball. They have twelve body segments, 17 to 19 pairs of legs, and males have enlarged rear legs involved in mating. The order includes about 30 genera and at least 280 species, including ''Glomeris marginata'', the common European pill-millipede. The order contains members in Europe, South-east Asia and the Americas from California to Guatemala. Although historically considered closely related with the similar sphaerotheriidans that also enroll, some DNA evidence suggest they may be more closely related to glomeridesmidans, a poorly known order that does not enroll. Description Glomeridans are small, oval-shaped millipedes reaching up to long. Like the Sphaerotheriida (so-called Giant Pill-millipedes), they are capable of enrolling into a ball ("volvation"), a trait also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limacomorpha
Glomeridesmida is an order of millipedes in the infraclass Pentazonia containing two families ( Glomeridesmidae and Termitodesmidae) and at least 35 described species. Glomeridesmida is the only living order of the superorder Limacomorpha. Glomeridesmidans are also known as slug millipedes. Description Millipedes in this order are small, usually 4 to 8 mm (0.16 to 0.31 in.) long, with the largest reaching in length. These millipedes are somewhat flattened, and unlike other orders of Pentazonia, are unable to roll into a ball. Glomeridesmidans have antennae with seven segments but are blind and lack ommatidia. The penultimate pair of legs in males are modified into telopods. In most species, females feature a very long ovipositor. Most adult females in this order have 36 pairs of legs and 21 segments, counting 20 tergites plus the anal shield. Male specimens in this order are rare, unknown for all species in the family Termitodesmidae, and known for only a small number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glomeridesmida
Glomeridesmida is an order of millipedes in the infraclass Pentazonia containing two families ( Glomeridesmidae and Termitodesmidae) and at least 35 described species. Glomeridesmida is the only living order of the superorder Limacomorpha. Glomeridesmidans are also known as slug millipedes. Description Millipedes in this order are small, usually 4 to 8 mm (0.16 to 0.31 in.) long, with the largest reaching in length. These millipedes are somewhat flattened, and unlike other orders of Pentazonia, are unable to roll into a ball. Glomeridesmidans have antennae with seven segments but are blind and lack ommatidia. The penultimate pair of legs in males are modified into telopods. In most species, females feature a very long ovipositor. Most adult females in this order have 36 pairs of legs and 21 segments, counting 20 tergites plus the anal shield. Male specimens in this order are rare, unknown for all species in the family Termitodesmidae, and known for only a small numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oniscomorpha
Pill millipedes are any members of two living (and one extinct) orders of millipedes, often grouped together into a single superorder, Oniscomorpha. The name Oniscomorpha refers to the millipedes' resemblance to certain woodlice (Oniscidea), also called pillbugs or "roly-polies". However, millipedes and woodlice are not closely related (belonging to the subphyla Myriapoda and Crustacea, respectively); rather, this is a case of convergent evolution. Description Pill millipedes are relatively short-bodied compared to most other millipedes, with only eleven to thirteen body segments, and are capable of rolling into a ball (volvation) when disturbed, as a defense against predators. This ability evolved separately in each of the two orders, making it a case of convergent evolution, rather than homology. They can also exude a noxious liquid, which may be both caustic and toxic among other millipede taxa, but is not in pill millipedes——Glomerida secretes a clear, odorless liquid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphaerotheriida
Sphaerotheriida is an order (biology), order of millipedes in the infraclass Pentazonia, sometimes known as giant pill millipedes. They inhabit Southern Africa, Madagascar, South and Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Like the Northern Hemisphere pill millipedes of the order Glomerida, these millipedes can roll into a ball when disturbed. When they are rolled-up, most sphaerotheriidans reach a maximum size of a cherry or golf ball, but some species from Madagascar can even reach the size of an orange (an example of island gigantism; illustration . When rolled-up, predators are unable to unravel giant pill millipedes since the margins of their second and last dorsal plates fit perfectly into one another, creating a sealed ball. A few giant pill millipede species are able to produce sound, the only millipedes known to do this. This order of millipedes is also unique in that some African species are used for medicinal purposes. Morphology Sphaerotheriidans are characterized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
