Chilognatha is a subclass of the

class Class or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used differently ...

Diplopoda Millipedes are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derived from this feature. Each double-legged segment is a re ...

, which includes the vast majority of extant

millipedes Millipedes are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derived from this feature. Each double-legged segment is a resu ...

, about 12,000

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

Taxonomy

The classification of Chilognatha presented below is based on Shear, 2011, and Shear & Edgecombe, 2010 (extinct groups). Recent

cladistic Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived ch ...

and molecular studies have challenged the traditional classification schemes above, and in particular the position of the orders Siphoniulida and

Polyzoniida __NOTOC__ Polyzoniida is an order of millipedes in the subterclass Colobognatha containing three families and at least 74 described species. Description Polyzoniidans have a somewhat domed dorsal surface with a flat ventral side. Their heads ar ...

is not yet well established. The placement and positions of extinct groups (†) known only from fossils is tentative and not fully resolved. After each name is listed the author citation: the name of the person who coined the name or defined the group, even if not at the current rank. * Subclass Chilognatha Latrielle, 1802 ** Order † Zosterogrammida Wilson, 2005 (Chilognatha ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'') ** Infraclass

Pentazonia Pentazonia is a taxonomic infraclass of millipedes containing the pill-millipedes (Oniscomorpha) which can roll into a ball and the order Glomeridesmida which cannot. Defining traits ( apomorphies) include divided sternites, a labrum with sing ...

Brandt, 1833 *** Order † Amynilyspedida Hoffman, 1969 *** Superorder Limacomorpha Pocock, 1894 **** Order

Glomeridesmida Glomeridesmida is an order of millipedes in the infraclass Pentazonia containing 2 families and at least 31 species. Glomeridesmida is the only living order of the superorder Limacomorpha. Glomeridesmidans are small (less than ) and somewhat f ...

Cook, 1895 *** Superorder Oniscomorpha Pocock, 1887 **** Order

Glomerida Glomerida is an order of pill-millipedes found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. They superficially resemble pill-bugs or woodlice, and can enroll into a protective ball. They have twelve body segments, 17 to 19 pairs of legs, and males hav ...

Brandt, 1833 **** Order

Sphaerotheriida Sphaerotheriida is an order of millipedes in the infraclass Pentazonia, sometimes known as giant pill millipedes. They inhabit Southern Africa, Madagascar, South and Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Like the Northern Hemisphere pill mil ...

Brandt, 1833 ** Infraclass Helminthomorpha Pocock, 1887 *** Superorder †

Archipolypoda Archipolypoda is an extinct group of millipedes known from fossils in Europe and North America and containing the earliest known land animals. The Archipolypoda was erected by Scudder (1882) but redefined in 2005 with the description of seve ...

Scudder, 1882 **** Order † Archidesmida Wilson & Anderson 2004 **** Order † Cowiedesmida Wilson & Anderson 2004 **** Order † Euphoberiida Hoffman, 1969 **** Order †

Palaeosomatida ''Palaeosoma'' is an extinct genus of archipolypodan millipedes from the upper Carboniferous of England and Poland. Individuals grew to nearly long and possessed defensive glands ( ozopores) located on small raised nodes on the outer edges of ...

Hannibal & Krzeminski, 2005 *** Order † Pleurojulida Schneider & Werneburg, 1998 (possibly sister to Colobognatha) *** Subterclass Colobognatha Brandt, 1834 **** Order Platydesmida Cook, 1895 **** Order

Cook, 1895 **** Order

Siphonocryptida Siphonocryptida is an order of millipedes, comprising the sole family Siphonocryptidae. With only seven described species, the Siphonocryptida is the second smallest millipede order, surpassed only by Siphoniulida, with two species. Classifica ...

Cook, 1895 **** Order

Siphonophorida Siphonophorida (Greek for "tube bearer") is an order of millipedes containing two families and over 100 species. Description Millipedes in the order Siphonophorida are long and worm-like, reaching up to in length and up to 190 body segments. ...

Newport, 1844 *** Subterclass Eugnatha Attems, 1898 **** Superorder

Juliformia Juliformia is a taxonomic superorder of millipedes containing three living orders: Julida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida, and the extinct group Xyloiuloidea known only from fossils. Morphology The species possess long cylindrical bodies w ...

Attems, 1926 ***** Order

Julida Julida is an order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature males of many species, the first pair of legs is modified into hook-like structures. Addi ...

Brandt, 1833 ***** Order Spirobolida Cook, 1895 ***** Order

Spirostreptida Spirostreptida is an order of long, cylindrical millipedes. There are approximately 1000 described species, making Spirostreptida the third largest order of millipedes after Polydesmida and Chordeumatida. Description Spirostreptida are generally ...

Brandt, 1833 *****Superfamily † Xyloiuloidea Cook, 1895 (Sometimes aligned with Spirobolida) **** Superorder Nematophora Verhoeff, 1913 ***** Order

Callipodida Callipodida is an order of millipedes containing around 130 species, many characterized by crests or ridges. Description Callipodida are long and narrow millipedes, up to in length with 40-60 body segments. A dorsal groove is present running ...

Pocock, 1894 ***** Order Chordeumatida Pocock 1894 ***** Order

Stemmiulida Stemmiulida is an order of millipedes consisting of approximately 130 species, reaching up to 50 mm in length. It contains a single family, Stemmiulidae. Description Stemmiulids are small to medium sized millipedes, reaching a maximum len ...

Cook, 1895 ***** Order Siphoniulida Cook, 1895 **** Superorder Merocheta Cook, 1895 ***** Order

Polydesmida Polydesmida (from the Greek ''poly'' "many" and ''desmos'' "bond") is the largest order of millipedes, containing approximately 3,500 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Description Members of the or ...

Pocock, 1887

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q19891064 Millipedes Arthropod subclasses