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Xyloiuloidea
Xyloiuloidea is an extinct superfamily of millipedes that existed from the Lower Devonian through the Upper Pennsylvanian period in Europe and North America. Description Xyloiuloids are more or less cylindrical, with sternites, pleurites, and tergites of each body segment fused into a complete ring. Adults possess 40 to 50 body rings. The legs are no longer than half the height of the body. The body surface is marked by small parallel grooves (striations), which vary in surface coverage between xyloiuloid families. Taxonomy Xyloiuloidea comprises four families: *† Gaspestriidae *† Nyraniidae *† Plagiascetidae *† Xyloiulidae The taxonomic history of Xyloiuloidea begins with Orator F. Cook designating the family Xyloiulidae in 1895. In 1969, Richard L. Hoffman established the families Nyraniidae and Plagiascetidae, and placed all three extinct families in the extant (still-living) order Spirobolida, as suborder "Xyloiulidea".Hoffman, Richard L., 1969. Myriapoda, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juliform
Juliformia is a taxonomic Order (biology), superorder of millipedes containing three living orders: Julida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida, and the extinct group Xyloiuloidea known only from fossils. Morphology The species possess long cylindrical bodies with sclerites (skeletal plates consisting of ventral sternites, lateral pleurites, and dorsal tergites) fused into complete rings. Juliform millipedes possess defensive ozadene, repugnatorial glands on all body segments except the last few, and are the only known millipedes to produce 1,4-Benzoquinone, quinones in their defensive secretions. Juliform males have two pairs of gonopods consisting of the modified 8th and 9th pair of legs: in Julida and Spirobolida the posterior gonopods (9th leg pair) are primarily involved in sperm-transferring, while in Spirostreptida it is the anterior gonopods (8th leg pair). Juliformians also lack Tömösváry organs and have a large collum (millipedes), collum (first body segment) which over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juliformia
Juliformia is a taxonomic superorder of millipedes containing three living orders: Julida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida, and the extinct group Xyloiuloidea known only from fossils. Morphology The species possess long cylindrical bodies with sclerites (skeletal plates consisting of ventral sternites, lateral pleurites, and dorsal tergites) fused into complete rings. Juliform millipedes possess defensive repugnatorial glands on all body segments except the last few, and are the only known millipedes to produce quinones in their defensive secretions. Juliform males have two pairs of gonopods consisting of the modified 8th and 9th pair of legs: in Julida and Spirobolida the posterior gonopods (9th leg pair) are primarily involved in sperm-transferring, while in Spirostreptida it is the anterior gonopods (8th leg pair). Juliformians also lack Tömösváry organs and have a large collum (first body segment) which overhangs the rear of the head. Taxonomy The Xyloiuloidea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyraniidae
''Nyranius'' is a genus of fossil millipedes from the Upper Carboniferous ( Westphalian) of Europe, containing the species ''N. costulatus'' and ''N. tabulatus''. Specimens reach up to 10mm in width, and are covered in fine grooves, similar to other members of the extinct Xyloiuloidea Xyloiuloidea is an extinct superfamily of millipedes that existed from the Lower Devonian through the Upper Pennsylvanian period in Europe and North America. Description Xyloiuloids are more or less cylindrical, with sternites, pleurites, an ....Hoffman, Richard L., 1969. Myriapoda, exclusive of Insecta. R572–R606. In: Moore, R.C. (Ed.), ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'', Part R, Vol. 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, KS. References Carboniferous myriapods Carboniferous arthropods of Europe {{Paleo-myriapod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplosegment
Millipedes (originating from the Latin , "thousand", and , "foot") are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derived from this feature. Each double-legged segment is a result of two single segments fused together. Most millipedes have very elongated cylindrical or flattened bodies with more than 20 segments, while pill millipedes are shorter and can roll into a tight ball. Although the name "millipede" derives from Latin for "thousand feet", no species was known to have 1,000 or more until the discovery in 2020 of ''Eumillipes persephone'', which can have over 1,300 legs. There are approximately 12,000 named species classified into 16 orders and around 140 families, making Diplopoda the largest class of myriapods, an arthropod group which also includes centipedes and other multi-legged creatures. Most millipedes are slow-moving detritivores, eating dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xyloiulidae
''Xyloiulus'' is an extinct genus of millipede that lived during the Late Carboniferous Late or LATE may refer to: Everyday usage * Tardy, or late, not being on time * Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead Music * Late (The 77s album), ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000 * Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993 * Late!, a pseudo ... which grew up to in length. Fossils of the animal have been found in North America and Europe. The fossils are typically found in Sigillarian stumps. References External links Fossil image- Natural History Museum, London* Millipede genera Prehistoric myriapod genera Carboniferous myriapods Carboniferous arthropods of Europe Carboniferous arthropods of North America Fossil taxa described in 1895 Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia Pennsylvanian animals of Europe Pennsylvanian animals of North America {{Paleo-myriapod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous Myriapods
The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma. It is the fifth and penultimate period of the Paleozoic era and the fifth period of the Phanerozoic eon (geology), eon. In North America, the Carboniferous is often treated as two separate geological periods, the earlier Mississippian (geology), Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian (geology), Pennsylvanian. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin ("coal") and ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern "system" names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare (geologist), William Conybeare and William Phillips (geologist), William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. Carboniferous is the per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropod Superfamilies
Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated ( metameric) segments, and paired jointed appendages. In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting, a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one. They form an extremely diverse group of up to ten million species. Haemolymph is the analogue of blood for most arthropods. An arthropod has an open circulatory system, with a body cavity called a haemocoel through which haemolymph circulates to the interior organs. Like their exteriors, the internal organs of arthropods are generally built of repeated segments. They have ladder-like nervous systems, with paired ventral nerve cords running through all segments and forming paired ganglia in each segment. Their heads are formed by fusion of varying numbers of segments, and their brains are formed by fusion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devonian Myriapods
The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronolo ... and system (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era during the Phanerozoic eon (geology), eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian period at million years ago (Megaannum, Ma), to the beginning of the succeeding Carboniferous period at Ma. It is the fourth period of both the Paleozoic and the Phanerozoic. It is named after Devon, South West England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant evolutionary radiation of history of life#Colonization of land, life on land occurred during the Devonian, as free-spore, sporing land plants (pteridophytes) began to spread across dry land, forming extensive coal forests w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
