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Heliamphora Sp
The genus ''Heliamphora'' ( or ; Greek: ''helos'' "marsh" and ''amphoreus'' "amphora") contains 23 species of pitcher plants endemic to South America.McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz 2011. ''Sarraceniaceae of South America''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. The species are collectively known as sun pitchers, based on the mistaken notion that the ''heli'' of ''Heliamphora'' is from the Greek ''helios'', meaning "sun". In fact, the name derives from ''helos'', meaning marsh, so a more accurate translation of their scientific name would be marsh pitcher plants. Species in the genus ''Heliamphora'' are carnivorous plants that consist of a modified leaf form that is fused into a tubular shape. They have evolved mechanisms to attract, trap, and kill insects; and control the amount of water in the pitcher. At least one species ('' H. tatei'') produces its own proteolytic enzymes that allows it to digest its prey without the help of symbiotic bacteria. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliamphora Chimantensis
''Heliamphora chimantensis'' is a species of marsh pitcher plant endemic to the Chimantá Massif in Venezuela. Specifically, it has been recorded from Apacará and Chimantá Tepuis.McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz (2011). ''Sarraceniaceae of South America''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. It is thought to be more closely related to the southern growing '' H. tatei'' and '' H. neblinae'' than to any of the other species found in the Gran Sabana and its tepuis. All other species known from this region have between 10 and 15 anthers, while ''H. tatei'', ''H. neblinae'' and ''H. chimantensis'' have around 20. However, the anthers of ''H. tatei'' and the closely related ''H. neblinae'' (once thought to be a variety of the former) are 7–9 mm long, while those of ''H. chimantensis'' only reach 5 mm in length. References Further reading * Fleischmann, A. & J.R. Grande Allende (2012) 2011'br>Taxono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perennial Plant
A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth (secondary growth in girth) from trees and shrubs, which are also technically perennials. Perennialsespecially small flowering plantsthat grow and bloom over the spring and summer, die back every autumn and winter, and then return in the spring from their rootstock or other overwintering structure, are known as herbaceous perennials. However, depending on the rigours of local climate (temperature, moisture, organic content in the soil, microorganisms), a plant that is a perennial in its native habitat, or in a milder garden, may be treated by a gardener as an annual and planted out every year, from seed, from cuttings, or from divisions. Tomato vines, for example, live several y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliamphora Nutans
''Heliamphora nutans'' (Latin: ''nutans'' = nodding) is a species of marsh pitcher plant native to the border area between Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana, where it grows on several tepuis, including Roraima, Kukenán, Yuruaní, Maringma, and Wei Assipu. ''Heliamphora nutans'' was the first ''Heliamphora'' to be described and is the best known species.McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz 2011. ''Sarraceniaceae of South America''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ''Heliamphora nutans'' was originally discovered in 1839 on Mount Roraima by the two brothers Robert and Richard Schomburgk, although they did not collect samples to return to Europe. The plant was formally described by George Bentham in 1840, becoming the type species of the genus. In 1881, David Burke was plant-hunting in the same area of British Guiana where he collected specimens of the plant and introduced it to England. This species employs an 'aquaplaning' trapping mechanism similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnivorous Plant
Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods. Carnivorous plants still generate some of their energy from photosynthesis. Carnivorous plants have adapted to grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients, especially nitrogen, such as acidic bogs. They can be found on all continents except Antarctica, as well as many Pacific islands. In 1875 Charles Darwin published ''Insectivorous Plants'', the first treatise to recognize the significance of carnivory in plants, describing years of painstaking research. True carnivory is believed to have evolved independently at least 12 times in five different orders of flowering plants, and is represented by more than a dozen genera. This classification includes at least 583 species that attract, trap, and kill prey, absorbing the resulting available nutrients. Venus flytrap (''Dionaea muscipula''), pitcher p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphatase
In biochemistry, a phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol. Because a phosphatase enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of its substrate, it is a subcategory of hydrolases. Phosphatase enzymes are essential to many biological functions, because phosphorylation (e.g. by protein kinases) and dephosphorylation (by phosphatases) serve diverse roles in cellular regulation and signaling. Whereas phosphatases remove phosphate groups from molecules, kinases catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups to molecules from ATP. Together, kinases and phosphatases direct a form of post-translational modification that is essential to the cell's regulatory network. Phosphatase enzymes are not to be confused with phosphorylase enzymes, which catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from hydrogen phosphate to an acceptor. Due to their prevalence in cellular regulation, phosphatases are an area of interest for pharmaceutical re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ribonuclease
Ribonuclease (commonly abbreviated RNase) is a type of nuclease that catalyzes the degradation of RNA into smaller components. Ribonucleases can be divided into endoribonucleases and exoribonucleases, and comprise several sub-classes within the EC 2.7 (for the phosphorolytic enzymes) and 3.1 (for the hydrolytic enzymes) classes of enzymes. Function All organisms studied contain many RNases of two different classes, showing that RNA degradation is a very ancient and important process. As well as clearing of cellular RNA that is no longer required, RNases play key roles in the maturation of all RNA molecules, both messenger RNAs that carry genetic material for making proteins and non-coding RNAs that function in varied cellular processes. In addition, active RNA degradation systems are the first defense against RNA viruses and provide the underlying machinery for more advanced cellular immune strategies such as RNAi. Some cells also secrete copious quantities of non-specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes (increases reaction rate or "speeds up") proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds. Proteases are involved in many biological functions, including digestion of ingested proteins, protein catabolism (breakdown of old proteins), and cell signaling. In the absence of functional accelerants, proteolysis would be very slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteases can be found in all forms of life and viruses. They have independently evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms. Hierarchy of proteases Based on catalytic residue Proteases can be classified into seven broad groups: * Serine prot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliamphora Nutans Macfarlane Illustration
The genus ''Heliamphora'' ( or ; Greek: ''helos'' " marsh" and ''amphoreus'' "amphora") contains 23 species of pitcher plants endemic to South America.McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz 2011. ''Sarraceniaceae of South America''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. The species are collectively known as sun pitchers, based on the mistaken notion that the ''heli'' of ''Heliamphora'' is from the Greek ''helios'', meaning "sun". In fact, the name derives from ''helos'', meaning marsh, so a more accurate translation of their scientific name would be marsh pitcher plants. Species in the genus ''Heliamphora'' are carnivorous plants that consist of a modified leaf form that is fused into a tubular shape. They have evolved mechanisms to attract, trap, and kill insects; and control the amount of water in the pitcher. At least one species ('' H. tatei'') produces its own proteolytic enzymes that allows it to digest its prey without the help of symbiotic bacter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operculum (botany)
In botany, an operculum () or calyptra () is a cap-like structure in some flowering plants, mosses, and fungi. It is a covering, hood or lid, describing a feature in plant morphology. Flowering plants In flowering plants, the operculum, also known as a calyptra, is the cap-like covering or "lid" of the flower or fruit that detaches at maturity. The operculum is formed by the fusion of sepals and/or petals and is usually shed as a single structure as the flower or fruit matures. The name is also used for the capping tissue of roots, the root cap. In eucalypts, (including ''Eucalyptus'' and ''Corymbia'' but not ''Angophora'') there may be two opercula - an outer operculum formed by the fusion of the united sepals and an inner operculum formed by the fusion of the sepals. In that case, the outer operculum is shed early in the development of the bud leaving a scar around the bud. In those species that lack an outer operculum, there is no bud scar. The inner operculum is shed just ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliamphora Ionasi
''Heliamphora ionasi'' is a species of marsh pitcher plant thought to be endemic to the plateau that lies between the bases of Ilu Tepui and Tramen Tepui in Venezuela.McPherson, S. 2007. ''Pitcher Plants of the Americas''. The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company, Blacksburg, Virginia. It produces the largest pitchers in the genus, which can be up to 50 cm in height. The species was discovered by a team led by Bassett Maguire and comprising, among others, Jonah Boyan. The specific epithet ''ionasi'' is based on a Latinised form of Boyan's first name. A photograph by Maguire showing Boyan holding a specimen of ''H. ionasi'' was featured on the front cover of the September 1979 issue of the ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter''. nonymous1979. Cover. ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' 8(3): 74. Notes :a.The specific epithet is commonly misspelled ''ionasii'' in most recent literature. The correct form of this commemorative epithet is ''ionasi''. This spelling is used consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliamphora Pulchella
''Heliamphora pulchella'' ( Latin: ''pulchellus'' = pretty) is a species of marsh pitcher plant endemic to the Chimanta Massif and surrounding tepuis in Venezuela. It is one of the smallest species and closely related to '' H. minor''. Infraspecific taxa Two major variants of ''H. pulchella'' are known: the type variety, which bears conspicuous retentive hairs on the inner pitcher surface, and an incompletely diagnosed taxon from Amurí Tepui, which lacks these hairs.McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz 2011. ''Sarraceniaceae of South America''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. References Further reading * Brewer-Carías, C. (2012–2013). ''Río Verde'' 9: 73–88. * Fleischmann, A. & J.R. Grande Allende (2012) 2011'br>Taxonomía de ''Heliamphora minor'' Gleason (Sarraceniaceae) del Auyán-tepui, incluyendo una nueva variedad axonomy of ''Heliamphora minor'' Gleason (Sarraceniaceae) from Auyán-tepui, including a new variety.'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
