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Haematomyzus
The genus ''Haematomyzus'' includes three species of lice that differ so markedly from all other lice that the genus is placed in its own family Haematomyzidae, itself monotypic within the parvorder Rhynchophthirina (previously ranked as a superfamily). These unusual lice are ectoparasites of elephants and warthogs. Their mouthparts are elongated to form a drill-like structure that allows them to penetrate the thick skin of their host. Taxonomy The three species, '' Haematomyzus elephantis'' (elephant louse), ''Haematomyzus hopkinsi'' (warthog louse) and ''Haematomyzus porci'' (red river hog louse) belong to a single family, the Haematomyzidae, itself the only family within Rhynchophthirina. Rhychophthirina is a parvorder within the infraorder Phthiraptera. A molecular phylogenetic study using subunit rRNA sequences suggests a placement of the Rhychophthirina as a sister group of the Anoplura. Below is a cladogram showing the position of Rhychophthirina within Phthiraptera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haematomyzus Elephantis
''Haematomyzus elephantis'' is a species of louse that is an ectoparasite of elephants. The species was first described from a specimen obtained from a captive African elephant at Rotterdam zoo by Édouard Piaget Édouard Piaget (3 November 1817 in Les Bayards – 10 September 1910 in Couvet) was a Swiss entomologist who specialised in lice (''Phthiraptera''). Life As a young man, Piaget became a teacher of French at Mr. de Raedt's , an upper class b ... in 1896. Specimens identified under the same name were subsequently recorded from Asian elephants, African elephants and warthogs in the wild. Early descriptions of the louse noted that they were remarkably similar to the bird lice in spite of differences in the length of the snout, an adaptation for dealing with the thick skin of their hosts, but they were subsequently separated into a different group, the Rhyncophthirina. The species was first described from an African elephant in captivity. It was subsequently recorded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ischnocera
Ischnocera is a large parvorder of lice from the infraorder Phthiraptera. The parvorder consists of Mallophaga, chewing lice, which feed on the feathers and skin debris of birds. Many species of Ischnocera have evolved an elongated body shape. This allows them to conceal themselves within plumage to avoid being dislodged during preening or flight. Species in Ischnocera spend their entire lives living on a host, and attach themselves to Hippoboscidae, hippoboscid flies to help move across individual birds. Ischnocera contains the large family (biology), family Philopteridae, along with a few other minor families. Ischnocera are distributed globally, with around 3,800 species identified. The lice are very host-specific, and each species rarely parasitizes outside of their preferred bird species. Birds infested by Ischnocera's species can experience discomfort and damage to reproductive systems. Classification Ischnocera previously included the mammalian parasitic lice Trichodectera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Taxon
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect Genera
Insects (from Latin ') are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and a pair of antennae. Insects are the most diverse group of animals, with more than a million described species; they represent more than half of all animal species. The insect nervous system consists of a brain and a ventral nerve cord. Most insects reproduce by laying eggs. Insects breathe air through a system of paired openings along their sides, connected to small tubes that take air directly to the tissues. The blood therefore does not carry oxygen; it is only partly contained in vessels, and some circulates in an open hemocoel. Insect vision is mainly through their compound eyes, with additional small ocelli. Many insects can hear, using tympanal organs, which may be on the legs or other parts of the body. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lice
Louse (: lice) is the common name for any member of the infraorder Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless parasitic insects. Phthiraptera was previously recognized as an order, until a 2021 genetic study determined that they are a highly modified lineage of the order Psocodea, whose members are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. Lice are obligate parasites, living externally on warm-blooded hosts, which include every species of bird and mammal, except for monotremes, pangolins, and bats. Chewing lice live among the hairs or feathers of their host and feed on skin and debris, whereas sucking lice pierce the host's skin and feed on blood and other secretions. They usually spend their whole life on a single host, cementing their eggs, called nits, to hairs or feathers. The eggs hatch into nymphs, which moult three times before becoming fully grown, a process that takes about four weeks. Humans host two species of louse—the head lou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amblycera
Amblycera is a parvorder of chewing lice from the infraorder Phthiraptera. The lice are ectoparasites and spend their entire lives parasitizing their hosts. Amblycera tend to mostly feed on birds, and have specialized anatomy to assist in feeding. The lice undergo a three part process of metamorphosis and survive around thirty days after moulting into an adult. They rely on a combination of skin debris and blood for nutrients to sustain themselves. Amblycera are distributed globally, and are very host–specific. Classification Amblycera is currently classified as a parvorder, and it was named by Kellogg in 1896. Amblycera belongs to the infraorder Phthiraptera, which contains all lice, and is part of the larger order Psocodea, which also contains booklice, barklice and barkflies. Around 30% of all bird lice belong to Amblycera. A cladogram showing the position of Amblycera within Phthiraptera and Psocodea is shown below: Characteristics Like all chewing lice, Amblycera are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichodectidae
Trichodectidae is a family of louse in the parvorder Trichodectera. Its species are parasites of mammals. Classification Trichodectidae was previously classified as belonging to Ischnocera, but phylogenetic studies had found that group to be paraphyletic. In 2021, de Moya ''et al.'' proposed that Trichodectidae be split off from Ischnocera and to be put into a newly created grouping called Trichodectera. Below is a cladogram showing the position of Trichodectidae within Phthiraptera Louse (: lice) is the common name for any member of the infraorder Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless parasitic insects. Phthiraptera was previously recognized as an order, until a 2021 genetic study determined that ...: List of genera The following 19 genera are recognized: * '' Bovicola'' * '' Cebidicola'' * '' Damalinia'' * '' Dasyonyx'' * '' Eurytrichodectes'' * '' Eutrichophilus'' * '' Felicola'' * '' Geomydoecus'' * '' Lutridia'' * '' Neotrichodec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichodectera
Trichodectera is a parvorder of lice from the infraorder Phthiraptera that are parasites of mammals. It contains the large family Trichodectidae, plus a few minor families. Trichodectidae was previously classified as belonging to Ischnocera, but phylogenetic studies had found that group to be paraphyletic. In 2021, de Moya ''et al.'' proposed that Trichodectidae be split off from Ischnocera and to be put into a newly created grouping called Trichodectera. Below is a cladogram showing the position of Trichodectera within Phthiraptera Louse (: lice) is the common name for any member of the infraorder Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless parasitic insects. Phthiraptera was previously recognized as an order, until a 2021 genetic study determined that ...: References Lice {{Louse-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoplura
Sucking lice (known scientifically as Anoplura) are a parvorder of around 550 species of lice. All sucking lice are blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals. They can cause localized skin irritations and are vectors of several blood-borne diseases. At least three species or subspecies of Anoplura are parasites of humans; the human condition of being infested with sucking lice is called pediculosis. ''Pediculus humanus'' is divided into two subspecies, ''Pediculus humanus humanus'', or the human body louse, sometimes nicknamed "the seam squirrel" for its habit of laying of eggs in the seams of clothing, and ''Pediculus humanus capitis'', or the human head louse. ''Pthirus pubis'' (the human pubic louse) is the cause of the condition known as crabs. Classification Sucking lice are classified as a parvorder called Anoplura, named by Leach in 1815. Anoplura belongs to the infraorder Phthiraptera, which contains all lice, and is part of the larger order Psocodea, which also con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philopteridae
Philopteridae is a family (biology), family of feather lice. They are parasite, parasitic on birds, primarily consuming downy feathers. Philopteridae is a highly diverse family with more than 2,700 described species, and constitutes 30% of the order Psocodea, half of all described Phthiraptera (lice), and the majority of parvorder Ischnocera. Most bird groups are infested with members of this family. Different species show convergent morphology, converging on one of a few forms, depending on which area of the host they hide in. Classification The family Philopteridae belongs to the parvorder Ischnocera, of the larger infraorder Phthiraptera, which includes all lice. It was named as a family by Christian Ludwig Nitzsch in 1818. A cladogram showing the position of Philopteridae within Phthiraptera and Psocodea is shown below: Over 2,700 species of Philopteridae have been described, making up 30% of species described in order Psocodea, around half of species described in infraorde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
