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Philopteridae
Philopteridae is a family (biology), family of feather lice. They are parasite, parasitic on birds, primarily consuming downy feathers. Philopteridae is a highly diverse family with more than 2,700 described species, and constitutes 30% of the order Psocodea, half of all described Phthiraptera (lice), and the majority of parvorder Ischnocera. Most bird groups are infested with members of this family. Different species show convergent morphology, converging on one of a few forms, depending on which area of the host they hide in. Classification The family Philopteridae belongs to the parvorder Ischnocera, of the larger infraorder Phthiraptera, which includes all lice. It was named as a family by Christian Ludwig Nitzsch in 1818. A cladogram showing the position of Philopteridae within Phthiraptera and Psocodea is shown below: Over 2,700 species of Philopteridae have been described, making up 30% of species described in order Psocodea, around half of species described in infraorde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ischnocera
Ischnocera is a large parvorder of lice from the infraorder Phthiraptera. The parvorder consists of Mallophaga, chewing lice, which feed on the feathers and skin debris of birds. Many species of Ischnocera have evolved an elongated body shape. This allows them to conceal themselves within plumage to avoid being dislodged during preening or flight. Species in Ischnocera spend their entire lives living on a host, and attach themselves to Hippoboscidae, hippoboscid flies to help move across individual birds. Ischnocera contains the large family (biology), family Philopteridae, along with a few other minor families. Ischnocera are distributed globally, with around 3,800 species identified. The lice are very host-specific, and each species rarely parasitizes outside of their preferred bird species. Birds infested by Ischnocera's species can experience discomfort and damage to reproductive systems. Classification Ischnocera previously included the mammalian parasitic lice Trichodectera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troctomorpha
Troctomorpha is one of the three major suborders of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera)(barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice), alongside Psocomorpha and Trogiomorpha. There are more than 30 families and 5,800 described species in Troctomorpha. The order includes parasitic lice, which are most closely related to the booklice family Liposcelididae. Cladogram Cladogram showing the position of Troctomorpha within Psocodea: Fossil record The oldest record of the suborder is suggested to be '' Paramesopsocus adibi,'' known from the Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan. Classification Troctomorpha contains the following subgroups: * Infraorder: Amphientometae ** Family: Amphientomidae Enderlein, 1903 (tropical barklice) ** Family: Compsocidae Mockford, 1967 ** Family: Electrentomidae Enderlein, 1911 ** Family: Manicapsocidae Mockford, 1967 ** Family: Musapsocidae Mockford, 1967 ** Family: Protroctopsocidae Smithers, 1972 ** Family: Troctopsocidae Mockfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phthiraptera
Louse (: lice) is the common name for any member of the infraorder Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless parasitic insects. Phthiraptera was previously recognized as an order, until a 2021 genetic study determined that they are a highly modified lineage of the order Psocodea, whose members are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. Lice are obligate parasites, living externally on warm-blooded hosts, which include every species of bird and mammal, except for monotremes, pangolins, and bats. Chewing lice live among the hairs or feathers of their host and feed on skin and debris, whereas sucking lice pierce the host's skin and feed on blood and other secretions. They usually spend their whole life on a single host, cementing their eggs, called nits, to hairs or feathers. The eggs hatch into nymphs, which moult three times before becoming fully grown, a process that takes about four weeks. Humans host two species of louse—the head louse an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichodectidae
Trichodectidae is a family of louse in the parvorder Trichodectera. Its species are parasites of mammals. Classification Trichodectidae was previously classified as belonging to Ischnocera, but phylogenetic studies had found that group to be paraphyletic. In 2021, de Moya ''et al.'' proposed that Trichodectidae be split off from Ischnocera and to be put into a newly created grouping called Trichodectera. Below is a cladogram showing the position of Trichodectidae within Phthiraptera Louse (: lice) is the common name for any member of the infraorder Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless parasitic insects. Phthiraptera was previously recognized as an order, until a 2021 genetic study determined that ...: List of genera The following 19 genera are recognized: * '' Bovicola'' * '' Cebidicola'' * '' Damalinia'' * '' Dasyonyx'' * '' Eurytrichodectes'' * '' Eutrichophilus'' * '' Felicola'' * '' Geomydoecus'' * '' Lutridia'' * '' Neotrichodec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoplura
Sucking lice (known scientifically as Anoplura) are a parvorder of around 550 species of lice. All sucking lice are blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals. They can cause localized skin irritations and are vectors of several blood-borne diseases. At least three species or subspecies of Anoplura are parasites of humans; the human condition of being infested with sucking lice is called pediculosis. ''Pediculus humanus'' is divided into two subspecies, ''Pediculus humanus humanus'', or the human body louse, sometimes nicknamed "the seam squirrel" for its habit of laying of eggs in the seams of clothing, and ''Pediculus humanus capitis'', or the human head louse. ''Pthirus pubis'' (the human pubic louse) is the cause of the condition known as crabs. Classification Sucking lice are classified as a parvorder called Anoplura, named by Leach in 1815. Anoplura belongs to the infraorder Phthiraptera, which contains all lice, and is part of the larger order Psocodea, which also con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amblycera
Amblycera is a parvorder of chewing lice from the infraorder Phthiraptera. The lice are ectoparasites and spend their entire lives parasitizing their hosts. Amblycera tend to mostly feed on birds, and have specialized anatomy to assist in feeding. The lice undergo a three part process of metamorphosis and survive around thirty days after moulting into an adult. They rely on a combination of skin debris and blood for nutrients to sustain themselves. Amblycera are distributed globally, and are very host–specific. Classification Amblycera is currently classified as a parvorder, and it was named by Kellogg in 1896. Amblycera belongs to the infraorder Phthiraptera, which contains all lice, and is part of the larger order Psocodea, which also contains booklice, barklice and barkflies. Around 30% of all bird lice belong to Amblycera. A cladogram showing the position of Amblycera within Phthiraptera and Psocodea is shown below: Characteristics Like all chewing lice, Amblycera are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psocodea
Psocodea is a taxonomic group of insects comprising the bark lice, book lice and parasitic lice. It was formerly considered a superorder, but is now generally considered by entomologists as an order. Despite the greatly differing appearance of parasitic lice (Phthiraptera), they are believed to have evolved from within the former order Psocoptera, which contained the bark lice and book lice, now found to be paraphyletic. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipteroids. Psocodea contains around 11,000 species, divided among four suborders and more than 70 families. They range in size from 1–10 millimetres (0.04–0.4 in) in length. The species known as booklice received their common name because they are commonly found amongst old books—they feed upon the paste used in binding. The barklice are found on trees, feeding on algae and lichen. Anatomy and biology Psocids are small, scavenging insects with a relatively generalized body plan. They feed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhynchophthirina
The genus ''Haematomyzus'' includes three species of lice that differ so markedly from all other lice that the genus is placed in its own family Haematomyzidae, itself monotypic within the parvorder Rhynchophthirina (previously ranked as a superfamily). These unusual lice are ectoparasites of elephants and warthogs. Their mouthparts are elongated to form a drill-like structure that allows them to penetrate the thick skin of their host. Taxonomy The three species, '' Haematomyzus elephantis'' (elephant louse), '' Haematomyzus hopkinsi'' (warthog louse) and '' Haematomyzus porci'' ( red river hog louse) belong to a single family, the Haematomyzidae, itself the only family within Rhynchophthirina. Rhychophthirina is a parvorder within the infraorder Phthiraptera. A molecular phylogenetic study using subunit rRNA sequences suggests a placement of the Rhychophthirina as a sister group of the Anoplura. Below is a cladogram showing the position of Rhychophthirina within Phthiraptera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psocomorpha
Psocomorpha is a suborder of barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice in the order (biology), order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera). There are more than 20 families and 5,300 described species in Psocomorpha. Phylogeny The below cladogram of Psocodea shows the position of Psocomorpha: Fossil record The oldest fossil record of the suborder is ''Burmesopsocus, Burmesopsocus lienhardi'' from the mid-Cretaceous (early Cenomanian) Burmese amber, which is not assigned to any family. Classification Psocomorpha contains 6 infraorders and 26 family (biology), families: *Archipsocetae ** Archipsocidae Pearman, 1936 (ancient barklice) *Caeciliusetae ** Amphipsocidae Pearman, 1936 (hairy-winged barklice) ** Asiopsocidae Mockford & Garcia Aldrete, 1976 ** Caeciliusidae Mockford, 2000 (lizard barklice) ** Dasydemellidae Mockford, 1978 (shaggy psocids) ** Paracaeciliidae Mockford, 1989 ** Stenopsocidae Pearman, 1936 (narrow barklice) *Epipsocetae ** Cladiopsocidae Smithers, 1972 ** Dolabellops ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feather Lice
A bird louse is any chewing louse (small, biting insects) of order Phthiraptera which parasitizes warm-blooded animals, especially birds. Bird lice may feed on feathers, skin, or blood. They have no wings, and their biting mouth parts distinguish them from true lice, which suck blood."Bird louse" on Encyclopædia Britannica. Almost all domestic birds are hosts for at least one species of bird louse. Chickens and other poultry are attacked by many kinds of bird lice. Bird lice usually do not cause much harm to a bird unless it is unusually infested as in the case of birds with damaged bills which cannot preen themselves properly. A blood-consuming louse that infests Galápagos Hawks imore numerous on hawks without territories possibly because those individuals spend more time looking for food and less time preening than hawks with territories. In such cases, their irritation may cause the bird to damage itself by scratching. In extreme cases, the infestation may even interfere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philotarsetae
Philotarsetae is an infraorder of bark lice in the order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera), within the suborder Psocomorpha. Phylogeny The below cladogram of Psocodea shows the position of Philotarsetae within Psocomorpha: Families These three families belong to the infraorder Philotarsetae: * Philotarsidae Philotarsidae is a family (biology), family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera) belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha. The family is closely related to the family Pseudocaeciliidae, both within the infraorder Philotarsetae. It includes the followi ... Pearman, 1936 (loving barklice) * Pseudocaeciliidae Pearman, 1936 (false lizard barklice) * Trichopsocidae Pearman, 1936 (lash-faced psocids) Sources Insect infraorders Psocomorpha {{Psocoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homilopsocidea
Homilopscocidea is an infraorder of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera). It is probably a paraphyletic Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ... group, still in use for lack of a better solution. There are about 7 families and more than 1,200 described species in Homilopsocidea. Families These seven families belong to the infraorder Homilopsocidea: * Ectopsocidae Roesler, 1944 (outer barklice) * Elipsocidae Pearman, 1936 (damp barklice) * Lachesillidae Pearman, 1936 (fateful barklice) * Lesneiidae Schmidt & New, 2004 * Mesopsocidae Pearman, 1936 (middle barklice) * Peripsocidae Roesler, 1944 (stout barklice) * Sabulopsocidae Schmidt & New, 2004 Sources *Lienhard, C. & Smithers, C. N. 2002. Psocoptera (Insecta): World Catalogue and Bibliography. Instrumenta Biodiversi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
